TiO2毛细管整体柱的制备及其光催化性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,乙醇和水分别为溶剂和反应物,醋酸为催化剂控制反应速度,聚乙二醇作为分散剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出二氧化钛毛细管整体柱,在毛细管内壁上通过化学键的作用键合了一层二氧化钛薄膜,用于光催化降解水中的有机污染物。通过改变钛源的量控制二氧化钛薄膜的厚度,加入不同分子量的聚乙二醇提高薄膜的比表面积,并探究了煅烧温度对二氧化钛晶型的影响。将15 mg/L的有机大分子罗丹明B水溶液注入制备好的毛细管整体柱内,在紫外光照射下进行光催化降解实验,30 min内降解率为98.5%。循环使用多次后,薄膜脱落较少,具有良好的催化效果,避免了对环境的二次污染。     

纳米TiO2薄膜的制备及光催化活性研究

用溶胶一凝胶法在玻璃基片上制备了均匀透明的Ti02薄膜，并以苯酚的降解反应为模型，研究了纳米Ti02薄膜的光催化活性．结果表明薄膜晶粒大小为23．0nrn，呈锐钛矿型，沿(101)晶面具有择优取向性；10h内苯酚的降解率为66％，苯酚光催化降解反应符合一级动力学规律．     

基于硝酸盐为前驱体的溶胶凝胶法制备CuInSe2薄膜

采用低成本的无机盐为前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法制备了高质量的黄铜矿结构CulnSe2太阳能电池光吸收层薄膜.先将制备得到的溶胶通过旋涂甩胶的方法成膜,再先后置于氢气中还原和在硒蒸气中进行硒化处理,即可得到所需薄膜.通过XRD,XRF,SEM和Raman散射等对材料的结构和形貌进行表征.结果表明:采用这种简单的方法所制备的薄膜除了具备平整度好、结晶度高和致密性好等优点外,Raman散射还表明薄膜表面不存在Cu2-xSe等杂相,上述优点非常有利于后续高质量的薄膜太阳能电池的制作.最后,讨论了CuInSe2薄膜中分层现象的产生以及形成机理.     

La0.7Sr0.3MnO3外延膜厚度引起的电阻率变化

不同厚度的La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO)外延薄膜被沉积到立方相的LaA lO3(001)单晶衬底上,XRD测试结果显示,LSMO外延膜的结构是单相的,具有与衬底相同的晶格取向;随着膜厚的增加,LSMO外延膜的晶格经历应变到驰豫的变化.电阻测量显示,应变驰豫的薄膜(较厚的薄膜)有较大的电阻率,这与该膜中缺陷浓度增加有关.此外,也对生长在不同单晶衬底上的LSMO外延膜(厚度相同)的结构和电阻进行了对比研究.     

自组织纳米复合薄膜BiFeO3-CoFe2O4的微结构与相成分

采用先进电子显微术在原子尺度研究了(001)单晶SrTiO3衬底上生长的纳米复合薄膜0.65BiFeO3-0.35CoFe2O4的组织形态以及界面结构.BiFeO3 (BFO)和CoFe2O4(CFO)两相在外延生长过程中自发相分离,形成自组织的复合纳米结构.磁性尖晶石CFO呈方块状均匀分布于铁电钙钛矿BFO基体中,并沿[001]方向外延生长,形成垂直的柱状纳米结构.两相具有简单的立方-立方取向关系,即[001]BFO//[001]CFO和(100)BFo//(100)cFo,且界面为{110}晶面.薄膜表面起伏不平,形成CFO{111}小刻面而BFO则为平整的(001)表面.能谱分析结果表明各相成分均匀分布并无明显的元素互扩散发生.     

Preparation of InSb nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 thin films

InSb nanocrystals embedded in SiO₂ thin films were prepared by rf magnetron cosputtering technique. THe observation by transmission electron microscope showed that InSb nanocrystals dispersed uniformly in SiO₂ matrices. InSb nanocrystals with different sizes can be obtained by changing the annealing condition. The average size of InSb nanocrystals depended on annealing temperature and time, but not on the t_1/3 rules. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were also applied to the analyses of the composite thin films.     

Electrochemically functionalized graphene as an anti-corrosion reinforcement in Cu matrix composite thin films

Cu–graphene(Gr) composite thin films were prepared by electrodeposition route using in-house synthesized Gr sheets. The Gr sheets were synthesized by the electrochemical exfoliation route using 1 M HClO_4 acid as electrolyte. The Gr sheets were confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The(002) plane of Gr sheets was observed at 2θ of 25.66°. The(002) plane confirmed the crystal structure of carbon peaks. The stretching vibration of C=C bond at a wavelength of 1577 cm~(-1) and other functional groups of carboxyl and epoxide groups were observed from FTIR. TEM confirmed the transparent structure of Gr sheets. The prepared Gr sheets were used as reinforcement at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.3 g/L with a copper matrix to synthesize the Cu–Gr composite. The prepared composite thin films were characterized by XRD, SEM, and energy-dispersion spectrometry(EDS) for morphological and analytical studies. The presence of Gr sheets in Cu–Gr composite was confirmed by EDS analysis. The prepared Cu–Gr nanocomposite thin film showed higher corrosion resistance compared with pure copper thin films in 3.5 wt% NaCl, as confirmed by Tafel plots. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy complimented the above results and showed that 0.3 g/L composite film achieved the highest film resistance.     

电化学功能化石墨烯作为铜基复合薄膜的防腐增强材料

Cu–graphene (Gr) composite thin films were prepared by electrodeposition route using in-house synthesized Gr sheets. The Gr sheets were synthesized by the electrochemical exfoliation route using 1 M HClO₄ acid as electrolyte. The Gr sheets were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The (002) plane of Gr sheets was observed at 2θ of 25.66°. The (002) plane confirmed the crystal structure of carbon peaks. The stretching vibration of C=C bond at a wavelength of 1577 cm?1 and other functional groups of carboxyl and epoxide groups were observed from FTIR. TEM confirmed the transparent structure of Gr sheets. The prepared Gr sheets were used as reinforcement at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.3 g/L with a copper matrix to synthesize the Cu–Gr composite. The prepared composite thin films were characterized by XRD, SEM, and energy-dispersion spectrometry (EDS) for morphological and analytical studies. The presence of Gr sheets in Cu–Gr composite was confirmed by EDS analysis. The prepared Cu–Gr nanocomposite thin film showed higher corrosion resistance compared with pure copper thin films in 3.5wt% NaCl, as confirmed by Tafel plots. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy complimented the above results and showed that 0.3 g/L composite film achieved the highest film resistance.     

强磁场下蒸镀法制备Co_3O_4薄膜

为了研究强磁场对蒸镀法制备Co3O4薄膜结构影响,以提高该材料的取向性,改善Co3O4薄膜的磁学性能,该文以99.99%的Co为原料,分别在无磁场和强磁场条件下低真空热蒸镀Co3O4薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计研究了以Si(111)为基底的Co3O4薄膜晶粒尺寸、取向和磁性能。结果表明:随着磁场强度增加至4T,晶粒尺寸由200 nm减至20 nm,晶体由杂乱取向排列转为平行于磁场方向取向生长,薄膜的矫顽力减小,矩磁比增大至0.81。结果表明:强磁场对蒸镀法制备Co3O4薄膜晶粒的大小和取向有显著影响,能显著提高材料的矩磁比。     

One-pot hydrothermal synthesis and fabrication of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films

Kesterite Cu_2Zn Sn(S,Se)_4(CZTSSe)powder was synthesized by a hydrothermal process.The thin films were fabricated by physical vapor deposition of CZTSSe powder followed by a thermal annealing process.The kesterite microstructure was identified by the X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.The morphology and elemental composition of CZTSSe thin films were also investigated.The dependence of resistance on the temperature of CZTSSe film was measured and the thermal activation energy of conductivity was estimated to be 0.33 eV based on Arrhenius plot of resistance versus temperature.A high absorption coefficient(10~4cm~(-1))of CZTSSe was found in the visible and NIR regions of the spectrum.A direct band gap structure with band gap energy of 1.46 eV was also estimated for CZTSSe films.The photoconductivity was measured under both AM 1.5G and NIR illumination and a stable and fully recoverable photoconductivity was observed for both asdeposited and annealed CZTSSe films.The annealed films show a higher photoconductivity than the as-deposited films under both AM 1.5G and NIR lights.     

Closing of the Indonesian seaway as a precursor to east African aridification around 3-4 million years ago

Global climate change around 3-4 Myr ago is thought to have influenced the evolution of hominids, via the aridification of Africa, and may have been the precursor to Pleistocene glaciation about 2.75 Myr ago. Most explanations of these climatic events involve changes in circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean due to the closing of the Isthmus of Panama. Here we suggest, instead, that closure of the Indonesian seaway 3-4 Myr ago could be responsible for these climate changes, in particular the aridification of Africa. We use simple theory and results from an ocean circulation model to show that the northward displacement of New Guinea, about 5 Myr ago, may have switched the source of flow through Indonesia-from warm South Pacific to relatively cold North Pacific waters. This would have decreased sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean, leading to reduced rainfall over eastern Africa. We further suggest that the changes in the equatorial Pacific may have reduced atmospheric heat transport from the tropics to higher latitudes, stimulating global cooling and the eventual growth of ice sheets.     

掺氮可见光响应TiO2-xNx光催化薄膜的制备及性能初探

采用反应磁控溅射法在玻璃基片上制备N掺杂TiO2-xNx薄膜和纯TiO2薄膜,并且对两种薄膜样品分别进行了300、400和500℃的退火处理.采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光光度计(UV-Vis)对经过退火处理的样品进行了表征.结果表明:成功制备了N掺杂TiO2-xNx薄膜,部分N进入了TiO2薄膜晶格,并且以N-O键形式存在;N掺杂TiO2-xNx薄膜和纯TiO2薄膜相对比,晶型和表面形貌没有什么太大的区别,但通过紫外-可见光吸收谱图可以发现经过400℃退火处理的N掺杂TiO2-xNx薄膜吸收带边从纯TiO2薄膜的400 nm红移到455 nm.     

掺Cu的SrBi2Ta2O9薄膜的非线性光学特性的研究

以SrBi2Ta2O9陶瓷和高纯Cu片作为靶材,利用射频磁控溅射方法在双面抛光的石英基片上制备了掺Cu金属颗粒的SrBi2Ta2O9复合薄膜.用XRD和AFM表征了薄膜的结晶性能和表面形貌;利用单光束Z扫描技术在波长532 nm处测量了薄膜的非线性光学特性,其三阶非线性光学极化率的实部Reχ(3)=2.26×10-9esu,虚部Imχ(3)=0.62×10-9esu.     

以MOFs为前驱体合成NaTi_2(PO_4)_3/C及其电化学性能

以金属有机骨架结构MIL-125与磷酸盐反应制备了磷酸钛钠/碳(NTP/C)复合材料。MIL-125前驱体既用作钛源和碳源,还充当模板剂,在该复合材料的合成和形貌控制中发挥了重要作用。对材料进行XRD,SEM以及电化学性分析测试,讨论了不同煅烧条件对材料电化学性能的影响。实验结果表明:在900℃煅烧1h的条件下得到的磷酸钛钠/碳复合材料的结晶性能良好,并且具有最佳的电化学性能。     

High critical current density and enhanced irreversibility field in superconducting MgB2 thin films

The discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride offers the possibility of a new class of low-cost, high-performance superconducting materials for magnets and electronic applications. This compound has twice the transition temperature of Nb3Sn and four times that of Nb-Ti alloy, and the vital prerequisite of strongly linked current flow has already been demonstrated. One possible drawback, however, is that the magnetic field at which superconductivity is destroyed is modest. Furthermore, the field which limits the range of practical applications-the irreversibility field H*(T)-is approximately 7 T at liquid helium temperature (4.2 K), significantly lower than about 10 T for Nb-Ti (ref. 6) and approximately 20 T for Nb3Sn (ref. 7). Here we show that MgB2 thin films that are alloyed with oxygen can exhibit a much steeper temperature dependence of H*(T) than is observed in bulk materials, yielding an H* value at 4.2 K greater than 14 T. In addition, very high critical current densities at 4.2 K are achieved: 1 MA cm-2 at 1 T and 105 A cm-2 at 10 T. These results demonstrate that MgB2 has potential for high-field superconducting applications.