PIV技术在水垫塘实验模型淹没射流中的应用

使用PIV技术对模型单股淹没射流流场进行了测量，得到流场的流态及其特征参数(等流函数线、涡量、湍动能)；对水工实验模型的典型流动进行了图像处理，并分析了测量结果。该测量结果可为数值模拟水垫塘流场及水垫塘的优化设计提供参考。     

管内插螺旋液固两相流流场特征影响因素试验

为探究雷诺数、颗粒体积分数和颗粒粒径对内插螺旋液固两相流复合技术流场特征的影响,采用粒子图像处理技术试验研究管内流体涡量、径向速度及湍动能分布规律。结果表明：整体平均涡量、近壁区域平均涡量、径向速度峰值均与雷诺数、颗粒体积分数呈正相关,但与颗粒粒径呈负相关;径向速度均呈正负波动,且近壁区域平均涡量比整体平均涡量增幅大;在试验范围内,Re为33 000比Re为26 400的平均湍动能提高81.7%,颗粒体积分数为5%比体积分数为1%的平均湍动能提高16.7%,颗粒粒径为1.5 mm比颗粒粒径为5 mm的平均湍动能提高9.83%。     

钝体燃烧器湍流分离流场的数值模拟

本文应用涡量流函数法和k-ε双方程模型对煤粉钝体燃烧器的燃烧室中的等温流场——带钝体突扩通道中的流动进行数值模拟。计算出了流场中回流区的几何参数、速度分布、湍动能分布等,得到了与实测数据基本一致的结果。     

底吹气体搅拌下熔池内流场的研究

本文将物理模型实验与数学模型数值求解相配合,对底吹气体揽拌下熔池内流场进行了研究。以湍流运动学方程和动力学方程、Harlow—Nakayama湍流k—ε双方程模型[1]及边界条件构成了所研究问题的数学模型,应用Spalding等计算湍流回流的方法[2],对数学模型数值求解,得到熔池流场涡量,流函数、湍动能、湍动能耗散率、湍流旋涡粘性系数、速度、含气率及密度等的分布,计算与测定了三种工况,计算与实验结果吻合。     

计算三维两相湍反应流的(?)-(?)法

本文报导用于计算气体-颗粒两相三维湍反应流的矢性流函数-涡量(ψ→ω)法,其气相控制方程及用以封闭时均涡量输运方程的湍流模型,矢性流函数的性质,对煤粉燃烧室及电站煤粉锅炉计算获得的结果,并讨论了一些待进一步研究的问题。     

流动环境中热水负浮力射流的近区特性分析

在对流动环境中平面热水负浮力射流进行数值模拟的基础上就近区特性进行分析,得到了不同排放角度和射流比下涡心和分离点位置等特征量的值.分析了水面上流速、温度、湍动能及其耗散率变化规律,对涡心断面上的动量方程和湍动能平衡进行了研究.计算结果分析发现回流区内湍动能最大值存在滞后的现象,浮力作用对时均量的影响较大,而对紊动量的影响则比较小.     

肥大型U尾船舶标称伴流特性SPIV试验研究

应用适用于大型拖曳水池的拖曳水下立体粒子图像测速(SPIV)测量系统,对某肥大型U尾船舶进行了螺旋桨盘面处标称伴流特性试验.基于立体粒子图像测速技术,获得了桨盘面处标称伴流速度场、湍动能和雷诺应力等湍流特征,以及涡量、漩涡结构等漩涡特征.测量结果展现了"钩状"伴流场速度分布、舭涡、毂帽涡分布,与尾部相似的U型特征湍动能、雷诺应力等湍流特征分布,以及舭涡、毂帽涡涡量值与涡结构分布,船舶伴流场特性与KVLCC/KVLCC2等U型尾肥大型船舶尾流场特性符合.最后,应用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对双涡结构生成、传递等演化过程进行了辅助分析,印证了螺旋桨盘面处舭涡、毂帽涡双涡特征的来源;结合CFD涡流演变特征与试验测量结果总结了伴流流动特征,SPIV测量结果清晰展示了肥大型U尾船舶的标称伴流特征.     

冷却模块气动噪声的数值研究

针对冷却模块噪声预测过程中散热器等部件是否可以忽略的问题,首先,建立等效的多孔介质流场模型,采用大涡模拟分析来流湍流及均匀性,并求解风扇周围的湍动能和涡量,通过涡声理论辨识主要噪声源。然后,建立声学边界元模型,对冷却模块的离散及宽频气动噪声进行三维声场预测与声压频谱分析。最后与试验进行对比分析。研究结果表明:散热器等部件对来流湍流及噪声源分布影响显著,在气动噪声计算过程中不可忽略。     

基于栅条式微涡絮凝的隧道废水处理技术数值模拟

为探究微涡混凝技术在隧道废水处理工艺上的可行性,通过数值模拟手段对不同特征的栅条式微涡发生器所产生的混凝流场特性进行了研究,并采用最优组合形式对浊度为1 300 NTU模拟隧道废水进行了水力絮凝验证实验.结果表明：栅条的粗细主要影响流场内流体湍动能及湍耗散的在初始混凝阶段的消耗程度,边长为5 mm的方形栅条更容易维持整个流场内混凝过程中所需的动能;栅条布置间距会改变栅条对流体的阻滞作用,布置间距为11mm时,流体能在反应中后段提供更高的湍动能及湍耗散用于絮凝反应;栅条的长度主要影响流场在轴向方向的能量演变情况,400、600、800 mm的栅条会延长流体在流场内的能量分配距离,使反应器中后段的絮体也能够有足够用于聚集的能量.采用最优组合形式的栅条对浊度为1 300 NTU模拟隧道废水进行了水力絮凝验证实验,废水最终出水浊度可稳定在50 NTU以下.     

不同半径比Taylor-Couette湍流的直接数值模拟研究

采用谱方法求解柱坐标系下三维不可压缩流Navier-Stokes方程,直接数值模拟了不同半径比下的同心旋转圆筒间的Taylor-Couette(TC)湍流问题.由于TC湍流是由大尺度Taylor涡和湍流随机脉动的叠加而成,采用周向平均成功识别了TC湍流中的大尺度Taylor涡,并将其诱导的脉动流动与湍流随机脉动分离开来,对比分析了不同半径比下大尺度Taylor涡对脉动强度和湍动能的贡献;同时,通过计算雷诺应力输运方程,研究了半径比对湍动能生成、耗散和再分配等动力学特性的影响.计算结果表明,在小半径比的宽槽TC湍流中,Taylor涡诱导的脉动流相对较弱,湍流随机脉动更为强烈,其对湍流统计特性的影响占优;在大半径比的窄槽TC湍流中,流体脉动特性主要源于Taylor涡的贡献;另外,随着半径比的增大,近外壁面附近流体沿周向剪切作用增强,流场表现出类似于平板Couette流的流动特性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the