不同类型意大利蜜蜂MDHⅡ同工酶的研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦技术（IEF-PAGE）,对有代表性的王浆蜂蜜双高产的"浙农大1号"意蜂品种（浙意,Ea）和中国本地意蜂（本意,Eb）、美国意蜂（美意,Em）、澳大利亚意蜂（澳意Eo）、意大利意蜂（原意,Ee）等5个意大利蜂（Apis mellifera Ligustica）品种试飞前的幼龄工蜂进行了苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）同工酶的基因型、基因型频率、基因频率、杂合度和纯合度的研究。由a、b、c3个等位基因编码的MDH图谱第二区带应有的a/a、a/b、a/c、b/b、b/c和c/c6种基因型,在Ea、Eb、Ee3种意蜂中全部出现;在Eo中出现a/b,a/c,b/c,c/c4种,在Em中出现a/c,b/c,c/c3种。联列表独立性检验结果,5个意蜂品种间的基因型频率、基因频率、杂合度、纯合度存在显著差异。     

四个意大利蜜蜂品系苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅱ基因的遗传差异分析

研究了意大利蜜蜂(A.m.ligustica)4个王浆、蜂蜜生产性能不同品系-美意(Em)、澳意(Eo)、苏意(Es)和平湖浆蜂(Ep)的MDHⅡ同工酶基因型频率、基因频率及杂合纯合度.试验发现,MDHⅡ的a、b、c三个等位基因在4个品系中出现的频率不同.c在Em、Eo、Es和Ep中的基因频率分别为0.507、0.483、0.680和0.820,为优势等位基因.该结果表明在产浆性能高的品系中c基因频率较高,意味着可将c基因频率作为意蜂王浆产量性能的一个遗传标记.等位基因a在Em、Eo、Es和Ep中频率分别为0.323、0.263、0.193和0.087;在Em中出现的频率最高.而等位基因b在Eo中频率(0.253)高于其他3个品系(Em,0.170;Es,0.127;Ep,0.093).Ep的纯合度最高,达0.753,高于Em(0.533)、Eo(0.633)和Es(0.540).经独立性检验,4个意蜂品系MDHⅡ同工酶的基因型频率、基因频率、纯合度均达到极显著差异水平.     

江豚几种组织的LDH,MDH和POD同工酶的电泳观察

用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳方法分析了江豚体内7种组织的 LDH、MDH 和POD 同工酶。结果表明:(1)江豚的 LDH 同工酶具有组织特异性且有多亚带,认为这种多亚带的产生是由于 LDH 同工酶的 B 亚基发生某种化学修饰所致;(2)江豚各组织的 MDH 同工酶谱基本相同,也有多亚带;(3)过氧化物酶同工酶具有组织特异性。     

戈壁骆驼同工酶的遗传分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分离戈壁骆驼血清苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),结果表明戈壁骆驼的受基因控制的MDH和LDH同工酶具有显著的种质特异性和遗传变异性,MDH同工酶有两种类型3种存在形式,LDH同工酶有5种存在形式3个表现型,骆驼在品种培育过程中表现有分子醇学方面的变化。     

基于微卫星标记的西方蜜蜂抗螨蜂种群体遗传多态性分析

为了分析西方蜜蜂抗螨蜂种的群体遗传多态性情况,采用18对微卫星(SSR)引物对抗螨蜂种子一代和子二代,并与同场饲养不抗螨的本地意蜂和浙大蜜浆高产蜂种进行比对,共计22个群体进行遗传多样性检测.结果表明:遗传一致度在0.2时,抗螨蜂种子代发生一定的分化,其他两个品系基本一致.抗螨蜂种子代之间的亲缘关系较近(遗传距离在0.043 9以内),与本地意蜂和浙大蜜浆高产蜂种各自相互分开.从而对抗螨蜂种的选育和保护具有重要的指导意义.     

复合四倍体彭泽鲫雌核发育生殖方式的 胚胎同工酶证据

复合四倍体彭泽鲫是在尖鳍鲤精子刺激的彭泽鲫雌核发育子代中发现的少数特殊个体．本文分别用母本种彭泽鲫和父本种尖鳍鲤的精子与复合四倍体彭泽鲫的卵子受精，得到两种胚胎FP和FS．采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术对两种胚胎10个时期的5种同工酶（LDH、MDH、ME、SOD和EST）进行比较分析．结果表明:两种胚胎的5种同工酶表型在谱带上完全一致，不同来源的精子对胚胎的同工酶表型没有影响．表明复合四倍体彭泽鲫可能继承了母本种的雌核发育生殖方式．     

不同授粉方式对于温室草莓生长影响的研究

通过不同授粉方式对于温室草莓生长的影响研究表明：中蜂和意蜂授粉在温室草莓的座果率、单果重和产量上高于或是明显高于以及在畸形果率上显著低于人工醮花和喷施激素的授粉方式;中蜂授粉在座果率和产量上略高于以及在畸形果率上略低于意蜂授粉,而意蜂授粉在单果重上又略高于中蜂授粉,且在授粉结果后,意蜂群势显著强于中蜂群势,中蜂与意蜂授粉均为草莓授粉的首先方式。     

中蜂(Apis cerana Smith)和意蜂(Apismellifera Linnaeus)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)性质比较研究

试验结果表明,中蜂(Apis cerana Smith)和意蜂(Apis mellifera Linnaeus)的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)对底物乙酰硫代胆碱的反应性质具有明显的不同。中蜂的AchE的反应初速度和反应进程曲线的线性相关时间范围分别是0.027(OD_(412)值/min,0.8头)和0—10分钟,而意蜂则分别为0.012和0—15分钟。米氏常数值和最大反应速度值,中蜂分别为6.25mmol/L和0.105(OD_(412)值/min,0.4头),意蜂分别为0.862和0.015(仅为中蜂的13.8％和14.3％)。中蜂和意蜂AchE对残杀威的双分子速率常数值(K_i),氨基甲酰化常数(K_2)、解离常数(K_d)以及I_(50)值没有明显的差异。但是,对敌百虫的反应确明显不同,K_i、K_2、K_d和I_(50)值分别相差2.70、1.39、1.94和5.64倍。说明中蜂和意蜂AchE对氨基甲酸酯类化合物和有机磷类化合物的反应是不同的。     

不同精子激发彭泽鲫卵子产生的子代及其双亲同工酶的比较

用彭泽鲫和尖鳍鲤的精子分别与彭泽鲫的卵子授精,产生2种子代PP和PS.采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对子代及父母本3种组织(心脏、肾脏、肝脏)的4种同工酶(LDH,EST,SOD,MDH)以及肌肉蛋白进行了比较分析,结果表明:两种子代的同工酶表型几乎完全一致,且在肝脏LDH、肾脏EST和SOD以及肌肉蛋白表型上与母本彭泽鲫存在差异,说明精子来源的不同对子代成体的同工酶和肌肉蛋白表型没有影响.暗示在正常情况下,无论与同源精子还是异源精子授精,彭泽鲫都行雌核发育生殖方式.而子代与母本存在差异的事实又意味着彭泽鲫的雌核发育与传统意义上的单性型雌核发育鱼类不同,可能属于非典型的雌核发育.     

卡拉白鱼同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板状连续电泳法,对卡拉白鱼(Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis)8种组织(眼睛、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、肾、脾、肠和脑)的7种同工酶进行研究.结果表明:卡拉白鱼的EST,LDH,MDH,ME,ADH,POD,SOD 7种同工酶均有不同程度的组织特异性;群体同工酶分析共记录23个基因座位,其中6个基因座位为多态,多态座位百分数P为26.09%,等位基因总数为29个,位点有效等位基因数Ne=1.26,研究表明,卡拉白鱼群体遗传多样性的水平较高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the