道路交通噪声预测模型的实证比较分析

本文选择了沈阳市7条具有代表性的典型道路进行道路交通噪声现场监测,并同时采用3种常用的道路交通噪声预测模型FHWA、RLS-90、NMPB-Routes-96对上述7条典型道路进行道路交通噪声预测,根据实测噪声值对3种预测模式进行比较验证分析。结果表明这3种预测模型中,FHWA模型对各类型道路的交通噪声预测值均较实测值偏低较多,误差在7.4-11.5分贝之间,预测精度低;RLS-90模型预测值在实测值上下波动,误差在0.1-4.4分贝之间,预测精度高于FHWA模型;NMPB-Routes-96模型预测值在实测值上下波动,预测误差在1.7-2.7分贝之间,预测精度高于前两个模型。NMPB-Routes-96模型较适合作为我国噪声评价的预测模型。     

油浸式大型电力变压器表面温度预测模型

为了早期发现油浸式电力变压器长期连续运行时可能存在的温升异常问题,该文提出了一种新的油浸式电力变压器表面温度预测模型,可以预测出变压器表面的正常温度。通过比较预测值与实测值的误差来预知变压器表面温度是否存在异常,进而判断变压器运行状态是否正常。预测模型参数是基于现场数据采用偏最小二乘法估计出来的,克服了传统最小二乘法参数估计结果不稳定的问题。并且从传热学原理、预测误差的均值、方差及其正态分布性等方面,合理地选择用于参数估计的数据长度。用该模型计算分析了一年的现场数据,预测结果表明该模型是正确、有效的。     

玛纳斯河流域春季雪层参数特性分析

采用2014年春季野外观测的新疆玛纳斯河流域积雪物理特性数据(积雪深度、积雪密度、体积含水量、雪层温度),分析了流域融雪期的积雪参数特征,及其在垂直剖面上的廓线分布.结果表明:(1)研究区在融雪期的积雪随着深度的增加而温度逐渐降低,部分地区积雪保温作用明显,保温层位于雪表层下约10cm位置;(2)流域北部低山区雪密度随着积雪深度的增加逐步减小,高山区和亚高山区雪密度的垂直廓线呈现为中部大、积雪表层和底部小的分布特征;(3)北部低山区积雪体积含水量高于高山区和亚高山区,垂直廓线呈单峰曲线,峰值距雪表面约12cm;南部高山区和亚高山区积雪以潮雪为主,雪层含水量存在层位变化.     

应用机器学习技术预测强雨雪天气过程中的积雪

2017年12月～2018年2月冬季,在中国长江中下游流域发生了两次强度强、范围广的强雨雪冰冻天气。在第一次强降雪天气中,由于2018年1月3～4日和5～8日两阶段降雪在中国东部落区高度重叠,导致了较为严重的灾害。为了预测日积雪深度,利用2017年12月～2018年2月和2007年12月～2008年2月这两个时间段上的国家测站日值数据,利用CART决策树算法根据各气象要素生成一个预测当天是否有积雪的二元判别决策树模型。从决策树结构中可以看出,前一日的积雪深度、日最高气温、日平均气温、日最低相对湿度等要素对预测结果的影响重大。且两决策树的结构相似度极高,故该模型对是否有积雪的预测存在普适性。随后利用深度学习方法训练两个时间段上所有预测为有积雪的个例,建立预测积雪深度的回归模型,结果表明,利用该模型训练得到的误差较小,但不足之处在于,预测极端降雪个例的误差大于普通降雪个例。将决策树模型与深度学习模型串接,便能得到预测当天是否有积雪,及积雪深度的模型。相比于前人的研究,该模型能拟合更复杂的特征,得到更精确的预测,使用2018年的数据也能更好地模拟当前的气候背景。     

路基沉降的灰色理论预测及其应用

运用灰色理论,对铁路高填方路基的沉降进行预测,建立了GM(1,1)预测模型.以相同观测时段的GM(1,1)模型为原型,考虑荷栽变化,针对地基土体均匀的情况,提出了GM(1,1)修正模型.通过具体实例,对模型的预测结果进行分析.分析表明,用修正模型预估下一级加载后的沉降,选取适当的沉降变化比进行计算,预测值与实测值之间误差小于6%,方法简单可靠,对类似高填方路基工程有一定参考价值.     

模式配合法研究固体反应动力学的可靠性

应用模式配合法对碳酸钙热分解非等温动力学进行了分析。模式配合法求得的动力学三因子对反应进程进行预测时,实测值与预测值产生较大偏差。产生偏差的主要原因是求解动力学三因子的过程中,温度积分精确解与其近似解的误差和线性回归模型对实际样本值预测产生的误差被放大。因此,非等温动力学模式配合解析法得到的动力学三因子可靠性值得商榷。     

不同放牧强度对典型草原雪的水文效应

采用冬季野外直接观测法,研究不同放牧强度对降雪、拦截雪、积雪的影响.结果表明,随放牧强度的增加,典型草原积雪深度和积雪量都呈现下降的趋势;冬季典型草原立枯物的高度和盖度与积雪深度和积雪量之间具有显著的正相关性;随植被(枯落物)盖度的增加,雪的风蚀量逐渐降低;在其他条件都相同的条件下,积雪深度和积雪量对典型草原的返青时期土壤含水量和植被盖度具有正向的影响,而对土壤容重具有负向的影响.     

有雪覆盖的淡水冰厚度增长与负积温关系的探究

讨论积雪对淡水冰厚度增长的影响.以国外经典的经验公式斯蒂芬模型和朱波夫模型为基础,根据黑龙江省红旗泡水库2009年现场冰情观测资料,结合水库附近安达气象站的气象资料,在原有两种模型的基础上,考虑用舍积雪厚度的函数代替其原有的系数.通过分析改进后经验公式与原经验公式在实际模拟中的误差,确定红旗泡水库地区较为精确的有雪覆盖...     

基于BP神经网络的混凝土抗压强度预测模型的建立

本文采用误差反向传播神经网络(BP)建立了混凝土抗压强度的预测模型,在不同的误差目标值及隐含层节点数条件下,探讨模型的预测精度。实验结果表明,当误差目标值设定为0.01、隐含层节点数为3时,模型的预测精度最高,平均误差百分数为6.6%。当误差目标值设定较大时,样本的预测值与实测值会发生明显的偏差,预测效果不佳。     

短时雨量预报的人工神经网络模型

针对雨量预报问题,建立基于神经网络的数学模型．首先采取“消除噪声”的方式对所给的数据进行处理,得到所需的目标数据,然后运用L—M优化算法对各观测站点进行模拟,得到各观测站点的预测值,计算出91个观测站点的预测值和其实测值之间的累积误差．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that