甲醛、痢特灵对暗纹东方鲀水花的联合急性毒性

采用急性毒性试验的常规方法-死亡概率法,以甲醛、痢特灵2种药物为供试毒物,研究了它们对暗纹东方鲀水花的单一及联合急性毒性。结果表明:甲醛、痢特灵对暗纹东方鲀水花96 h的LC50分别为76.70 mg/L和12.95 mg/L,安全浓度分别为7.67 mg/L和1.295 mg/L;甲醛、痢特灵对暗纹东方鲀水花24 h、48 h和96 h的联合急性毒性试验,结果其相加指数分别为-0.800、-0.577和0.845,表明甲醛和痢特灵对暗纹东方鲀水花的联合急性毒性在24 h、48 h表现为拮抗效应、而在96 h表现为协同效应。     

氨氮和亚硝态氮对大黄鱼幼鱼的急性毒性效应

在水温(23±1)℃,盐度20,pH值7.4~7.5,溶解氧大于5.0 mg/L的条件下研究了氨氮和亚硝态氮对体质量为(31.54±0.99)g的大黄鱼幼鱼的急性毒性效应.试验结果表明,氨氮对大黄鱼幼鱼的24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度LC50及安全浓度SC分别为37.34、20.97、17.59、12.45及1.25 mg/L,对应的非离子氨的半致死浓度LC50及安全浓度SC分别为0.46、0.25、0.21、0.15及0.015 mg/L,亚硝态氮对大黄鱼幼鱼的24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度LC50及安全浓度SC分别为137.45、94.02、72.81、50.06及5.01 mg/L.     

重铬酸钾对斑马鱼的急性毒性及组织过氧化氢酶活性的影响

为研究Cr6+单一毒性对斑马鱼的毒性安全评价,选择重铬酸钾进行急性毒性试验,观察斑马鱼在染毒3~96h的症状,以半数致死浓度(LC50)判断重铬酸钾对斑马鱼的毒性作用。结果表明,24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为426.5795mg/L、141.2538mg/L、138.0384mg/L、128.8250mg/L,经鱼类急性毒性分级表判断重铬酸钾为低等毒。同时研究了不同浓度Cr6+对斑马鱼组织过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,发现鱼肝和肌肉中的CAT活性随着浓度的增加呈抛物线。     

钒对日本青鳉的急性毒性及安全评价

以不同月龄的日本青鳉为受试生物,采用半静止生物测试法,比较研究V(Ⅴ)对日本青鳉成鱼和幼鱼的急性毒性效应.结果表明:V(Ⅴ)对日本青鳉成鱼的72 h和96 h LC50分别为4.91 mg/L和2.73 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.273 mg/L,钒对幼鱼的72 h和96 h LC50分别为0.85 mg/L和0.43 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.042 7 mg/L.根据有毒物质对鱼类的急性标准可得钒对日本青鳉有中至高等毒性,幼鱼对钒的毒性更为敏感.     

铜、锌离子对汤匙华哲水蚤的急性毒性和联合毒性效应

通过单因子静态急性毒性试验法和等毒性溶液法分别研究了重金属离子铜、锌对汤匙华哲水蚤的急性毒性和联合毒性效应.急性毒性试验结果表明:铜、锌离子对汤匙华哲水蚤24 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.481、3.221 mg/L;48h LC50分别为0.383、1.573 mg/L;72h LC50分别为0.315、0.471 mg/L.铜、锌联合毒性致毒特征表明:高强度的锌离子对铜离子有拮抗作用,高强度的铜离子对锌离子有协同作用.     

铜、锌离子对汤匙华哲水蚤的急性毒性和联合毒性效应

通过单因子静态急性毒性试验法和等毒性溶液法分别研究了重金属离子铜、锌对汤匙华哲水蚤的急性毒性和联合毒性效应.急性毒性试验结果表明:铜、锌离子对汤匙华哲水蚤24 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.481、3.221 mg/L;48h LC50分别为0.383、1.573 mg/L;72h LC50分别为0.315、0.471 mg/L.铜、锌联合毒性致毒特征表明:高强度的锌离子对铜离子有拮抗作用,高强度的铜离子对锌离子有协同作用.     

菲对泥鳅幼体的急性毒性效应

为研究菲对水生生物的毒性效应,以泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)幼体为研究对象,采用静水实验法来研究菲对泥鳅幼体的急性毒性效应。以等对数间距法设置5个不同浓度(14.69mg/L、21.58 mg/L、31.62 mg/L、46.77 mg/L、68.39 mg/L)的菲溶液,观察泥鳅幼体暴露在不同浓度菲中24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的急性毒性效应。结果表明,菲对泥鳅幼体毒性随染毒时间的延长和菲浓度的增大而增强,泥鳅幼体24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为58.57 mg/L、33.34mg/L、17.58 mg/L、14.45 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为3.25 mg/L。     

4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究

以体长(5.09±0.71)cm、体质量(2.09±0.66)g的黑鲷幼鱼为实验动物,采用静水停食试验法,在水温(28.8±1.6)℃,pH 8.24条件下,开展了Zn2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Hg2+4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性试验。结果表明,Zn2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为11.53 mg/L、10.15 mg/L、6.56 mg/L、6.09 mg/L;Cr6+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为31.48 mg/L、24.31 mg/L、23.01 mg/L、23.01 mg/L;Cu2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为2.75 mg/L、1.55 mg/L、1.30 mg/L、1.06 mg/L;Hg2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为0.098 8 mg/L、0.098 1 mg/L、0.089 2 mg/L,0.0742 mg/L。4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的毒性强度由高到低依次为Hg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr6+。最后还就重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的致毒特征、对黑鲷幼鱼早期发育的影响,以及水环境中重金属离子的毒性评价与控制进行了探讨。     

甲醛、痢特灵对暗纹东方纯水花的联合急性毒性

采用急性毒性试验的常规方法-死亡概率法，以甲醛、痢特灵2种药物为供试毒物，研究了它们对暗纹东方纯水花的单一及联合急性毒性。结果表明：甲醛、痢特灵对暗纹东方纯水花96h的LC50分别为76．70mg／L和12．95mg／L，安全浓度分别为7．67mg／L和1．295mg／t．；甲醛、痢特灵对暗纹东方纯水花24h、48h和96h的联合急性毒性试验，结果其相加指数分别为-0．800、-0．577和0．845，表明甲醛和痢特灵对暗纹东方纯水花的联合急性毒性在24h、48h表现为拮抗效应、而在96h表现为协同效应。     

锌对鲫鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价

以鲫鱼为受试生物,采用静水法生物测试,以致死率为指标研究了重金属锌对鲫鱼的急性毒性。所得24h、48h、72h和96h的半致死浓度为40.631 mg/L,39.234 mg/L,38.449 mg/L,37.406 mg/L,安全质量浓度为3.7406 mg/L。试验结果表明:鲫鱼对重金属锌的耐受性较高。锌对鲫鱼为低毒物质,其安全浓度远高于标准。LC50与时间的关系密切,随着时间的推移,LC50逐渐变小。同时,还表明锌的致毒过程较快,鲫鱼在48h内即出现大量死亡。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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