厌氧氨氧化反应器的稳定性及其模糊评价

采用统计学和模糊数学方法对厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）反应器的运行稳定性进行了定量的对比研究．结果表明：同一构型的反应器对不同类型的冲击负荷具有不同的效应，基质浓度冲击下反应器的稳定性参数值是水力负荷冲击下的1．68～5．44（平均为2．9）倍；ANAMMOX反应器的抗水力负荷冲击能力明显强于抗基质浓度冲击能力；不同构型的反应器对同一类型的负荷冲击也有不同的响应；颗粒污泥床的抗基质浓度；中击能力最强，生物膜反应器次之，厌氧序批式反应器（SBR）最弱；SBR的抗水力负荷冲击能力最强．颗粒污泥床次之，生物膜反应器最弱．模糊综合评价表明，颗粒污泥床的抗冲击负荷能力最强，生物膜反应器次之，SBR最弱．     

有机负荷冲击对缺氧-好氧活性污泥系统的影响

为了研究有机负荷冲击对活性污泥系统的影响,采用缺氧-好氧方式运行的序批式间歇反应器(SBR)开展平行试验.通过调节进水有机物质量浓度,考察在不同有机负荷冲击下活性污泥系统除碳、脱氮、除磷、以及污泥性能等方面变化.结果表明,有机负荷骤降(从0.15~0.07 kg BOD_5/(kg MLSS·d))仅对总氮、总磷的去除稍有影响.当有机负荷骤增时(从0.15到0.30~0.45 kg BOD_5/(kg MLSS·d)),缺氧段吸附作用在短期内能够有效地缓解进水冲击,但是长期时除碳、脱氮、除磷、污泥沉降性能均会显著恶化,且冲击程度越大恶化发生越早.与低负荷相比,高冲击负荷下活性污泥疏松多孔、粒径更大.且丝状菌增殖、污泥黏性增加、密度降低等因素导致污泥解体、沉降性变差、沉后出水浑浊.     

有机碳源对生物除磷的影响

研究了不同浓度乙酸盐和不同基质的有机碳源对序批式生物膜法生物除磷的影响以及磷的厌氧释放量和好氧吸收量之间的关系。结果表明，为获得稳定良好的生物除磷效果，厌氧时间必须保证生物易降解有机物在厌氧过程基本去除，同时COD负荷也不能太低，还要满足反应器中生物量能够实现净增长。研究认为乙酸盐能够较好地刺激聚磷菌厌氧释磷达到过量生物除磷，磷的厌氧释放量和好氧吸收量具有良好的相关性，为提高除磷效率必须保证足够的厌氧磷释放量。     

生物厌氧产氢接种污泥的预处理研究进展

系统概述了热、酸、碱、化学抑制剂、曝气、冲击负荷等预处理方法对接种污泥中耗氢菌和产氢菌的选择性抑制机理,并对比分析了各自的产氢特性.由于接种污泥选取的种类、产氢底物的种类和浓度、温度、pH以及采用的反应器类型等不同,不同研究者得出的最佳预处理方法存在差异.目前的研究多集中在以葡萄糖或蔗糖等纯物质作为厌氧产氢的底物,建议今后以实际有机废水作为生物厌氧产氢的底物,以进一步研究不同接种污泥预处理方法对产氢的影响.     

序批式生物膜法生物除磷的试验研究

采用组合纤维填料作为载体的序批式生物膜反应器进行了生物除磷的试验研究.结果表明,在生物除磷过程中,污水中的VFA总量与溶解磷的吸收量具有较好的相关关系,去除1 mg溶解磷大约需要20 mgVFA-COD;为获得稳定良好的生物除磷效果,COD负荷不能太高,否则过多的有机物进入好氧段将引起非聚磷菌的好氧异养微生物异常增殖,导致聚磷菌被洗出;同时COD负荷也不能太低,还要满足反应器中聚磷菌量能够实现净增长;磷的厌氧释放量和好氧吸收量具有良好的相关性,为提高除磷效率必须保证足够的厌氧磷释放量.图5,表1,参12.     

厌氧序批式反应器培养厌氧氨氧化污泥

为从厌氧序批式反应器中接种好氧硝化污泥,对厌氧氨氧化污泥的培养进行了研究.采用含氮模拟废水,在进水pH值为7.2-7.8、温度为(30±1)℃的条件下运行142d,成功培养出厌氧氨氧化污泥.实验结果表明:在水力停留时间为1.2d、总氮容积负荷(以N计) 为0.4318kg/(m3·d)时,总氮去除率最高达到93.3%,平均为80.5%;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率最高达到93.9%和99.8%,平均为81.2%和85.7%;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮去除的比例(摩尔比)为1:(1.387±0.024),反应器内主要发生厌养氨氧化反应,说明采用厌氧序批式反应器是培养厌氧氨氧化污泥的一条途经.     

UASB生物制氢反应系统生物强化作用研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以糖蜜废水为底物,利用厌氧活性污泥发酵产氢.向反应器中投加高产氢微生物产酸克雷伯氏菌HP1,探讨了生物强化作用对反应器产氢能力的影响.研究表明:在污泥接种量为30.0 gVSS/L、启动负荷为6.0 kgCOD/(m3·d)、水力停留时间(HRT)为9 h、投菌量为3%的条件下对生物制氢系统进行强化,可使反应系统产氢能力提高25%,并形成丁酸型发酵产氢,液相末端发酵产物中丁酸和乙酸的含量占挥发酸总含量的63%以上,气相中氢气含量在40%～52%之间,最大产氢量达4.52 L/d.     

高磷负荷对生物除磷系统的影响

采用10 L容积的序批式反应器,考察高磷负荷对生物除磷系统的影响。将进水磷负荷由10 g.m-3.d-1提高至40g.m-3.d-1后,系统的除磷能力得以提高:净除磷量由2.06m g.-g 1提高至2.25m g.-g 1(厌氧加磷运行方式)和2.41m g.g-1(好氧加磷运行方式)。污泥含磷量与污泥含糖量的变化表明,高磷负荷条件有利于聚磷菌获得竞争优势。在同为40g.m-3.d-1的磷负荷条件下,好氧加磷的运行方式更优越:既可以有效地提高系统的磷负荷,也可以避免抑制释磷。     

上海技术交易所

BAR隔板式厌氧反应器废水治理高效生物处理技术 BAR隔板式厌氧反应器适用于处理高浓度有机废水,是八十年代最先进的技术,1987年以来已在美国、澳大利亚等国的工厂有机废水处理中得到应用,并显示了其卓越的特点,我们也已成功地完成了数个处理高浓中药废水等的工业化项目。 BAR的主要特点: 1.反应器设计简单、紧凑、经济。 2.反应器中厌氧污泥浓度高达30g/L以上,有机负荷可高达10—20kgCoDcr/天立方米,高于传统反应器数十倍。     

海绵铁对硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化脱氮除硫性能影响

采用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR),并投加海绵铁作为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化系统的填料,探究海绵铁对该系统脱氮除硫的影响。试验前期通过静态试验对海绵铁进行填料效能分析,结果表明投加海绵铁后体系中各污染物的质量浓度都有下降的趋势,并确定了海绵铁最佳粒径为1～2 mm、投加量为30 g。后将海绵铁投加至厌氧序批式反应器中,经90 d驯化后各污染物出水质量浓度稳定,投加海绵铁的反应器出水中NH⁺₄—N、SO₄^2-及TN去除率分别稳定在90.6%、43.1%和83.6%,各污染物质量浓度均低于未投加海绵铁的反应器。结合高通量测序结果分析发现,硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化反应的特征菌Bacillu Benzoevorans在投加海绵铁的反应器中所占比例为27.85%,高于未投加海绵铁的反应器。说明加入海绵铁作为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化系统填料后,系统内的功能菌群被富集,改变了体系脱氮除硫性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with