布洛芬固体脂质纳米粒的制备及家兔体内药动学研究

采用乳化分散-超声法制备布洛芬固体脂质纳米粒(IB-SLN),对其粒径、zeta电位、包封率、载药量、体外释放等进行体外评价,并考察IB-SLN经皮给药后兔体内药动学特征.结果显示,研究制备的IB-SLN的平均粒径为(100±20)nm,zeta电位为-43.9mV,包封率为92.6%,载药量为3.33%.兔体内药动学研究显示,IB-SLN可有效促进布洛芬的经皮吸收,布洛芬固体脂质纳米粒凝胶剂经皮给药后的AUC和Cmax分别为640.86ng·h/mL和65.94 ng/mL,分别是布洛芬凝胶剂的12.6倍和4.5倍.研究结果提示,固体脂质纳米粒作为布洛芬经皮给药载体可有效促进药物的透皮吸收,并可使药物缓慢平稳释放,其应用前景广泛.     

虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺研究

以卵磷脂和硬脂酸为脂质材料,分别运用薄膜-超声分散法、乳化蒸发-低温固化法、溶剂-乳化挥发法、高压匀质法制备虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒,以筛选虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒的最佳制备工艺.采用透射电镜观察虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒的形态,激光纳米粒度仪测定其粒径和Zeta电位,HPLC法测定药物包封率,并进行虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒的初步稳定性考察.结果表明,运用高压匀质法制备虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒为类圆球状,粒径较均匀.平均粒径为(100±21)nm,包封率为(87.0±0.69)%,平均Zeta电位为-66.3 mV,且在4℃条件下贮存3个月无明显变化,说明本实验工艺合理、可行.同时,制备的纳米粒大小均匀,且稳定性良好.     

壳聚糖负载利福平微囊的制备及其性能研究

采用溶剂挥发-乳化分散交联法制备利福平/壳聚糖微囊,借助红外光谱仪分析了REP/CS微囊的结构,使用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观测微囊的形态、粒径及分布,紫外分光光度法测定载药量和包封率,考察微囊的体外释药性能,探讨影响制备利福平/壳聚糖微囊的主要因素.结果表明:微囊平均粒径为5.04±2.04μm,成球性良好,搅拌速度和油水比对微囊粒径以及球形影响最大;微囊的包封率达42.67%,主要受壳聚糖质量分数、mCS:mREP的影响;微囊在碱性条件下比在酸性条件下释药较快,具有明显的缓释作用.     

pH敏感阿霉素纳米脂质体的制备及性能

以阿霉素为模型药物,采用薄膜分散-pH 梯度法制备羧甲基壳聚糖修饰的纳米脂质体,并研究了该纳米脂质体的包封率、形态、粒径、稳定性和 pH 敏感性.结果表明:羧甲基壳聚糖修饰后阿霉素脂质体的ζ电位、酸性条件下药物渗漏速率、渗漏百分率比未修饰的阿霉素脂质体均有明显提高.所制pH敏感阿霉素纳米脂质体包封率达87%左右,体积粒径为(74.7±11.5)am;4℃冷藏保存3个月稳定性良好.     

那格列奈壳聚糖微球的制备及其释放性能

采用乳化分散-化学交联法,以那格列奈(nateglinide)为模型药物,戊二醛为交联剂,制备了那格列奈壳聚糖微球,考察各种条件对所制备微球的理化性质和药物释放性能的影响.结果表明,所得微球球形规整,粒度分布均匀,呈黄褐色,平均粒径2.054 m,载药量为9.12%,药物包封率达48.9%.XRD分析结果表明,微球内部药物主要以无定形聚集态存在.体外模拟释放结果表明,微球有良好的平稳缓释性能.其释药速率随着壳聚糖浓度增大而减慢,在酸性介质中略大于在弱碱性介质中.     

替莫唑胺长循环纳米脂质载体的研究

目的:制备替莫唑胺长循环纳米脂质载体,考察其理化性质和体外释放。方法:采用高温乳化-低温固化法制备莫唑胺长循环纳米脂质载体,超滤离心法测定其包封率和载药量,通过单因素考察,分别考察药脂比、液固脂质比、水浴温度、两种固体脂质比、滴加速度、搅拌速度对包封率的影响,通过正交设计法确定最佳处方。制备冻干制剂,并进行理化性质的考察和体外释放的研究。结果:根据单因素考察和正交设计得到的最佳处方制备三批莫唑胺长循环纳米脂质载体,其包封率为22.98%±2.6,载药量为3.71%±0.16,p H值为5.18±0.34,电镜照片显示替莫唑胺纳米脂质载体外观呈圆整的球形或类球形实体,粒径均匀;冻干制剂外观呈白色粉末,复溶后包封率略有增大,平均包封率为23.92%±2.6;体外释放显示出缓释效果。结论:采用高温乳化-低温固化法制备替莫唑胺长循环纳米脂质载体方法简单,冻干制剂稳定,包封率变化不大,缓释效果良好。     

羟基喜树碱半乳糖化十六酰壳聚糖胶束的制备及表征

制备羟基喜树碱半乳糖化十六酰壳聚糖胶束(HCPT-GHCM),并考察其包封情况.方法:以半乳糖化十六酰壳聚糖(GHC)为载体材料,采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备羟基喜树碱聚合物胶束,应用正交试验考察药物/载体比例、油/水相体积比、超声时间对载药聚合物胶束包封率的影响并进行优化.结果:超声时间对胶束的包封率影响最大,其次依次为药物/载体比例和油/水相体积比.最佳条件为:药物/载体比例0.2:1,油/水相体积比1:7,超声时间40min.制备的载药胶束拉径为250nm～300nm,zeta电位约为10mV,包封率为75.96%.结论:所制备的HCPT-GHCM包封率较高,粒径分布均匀,对羟基喜树碱有增溶效果.     

S/O/W法制备PLGA/TiO2载药微球

将纳米TiO2吸附溶液中的BSA由水包油包固体乳化法用PLGA包裹药物粒子.通过紫外和SEM等检测手段,考察纳米TiO2在不同条件下对BSA吸附率的影响,以及不同制备工艺下PLGA包裹药物粒子对载药量和包封率及体外释放的影响.研究结果表明,当溶液的pH值接近蛋白质等电点、温度在20 ℃左右、反应24 h时,TiO2吸附BSA量最大,药物粒子分布均匀,尺寸在40 nm左右.在制备微球时,当初乳体积降低、PVA浓度降低及PLGA与药物粉末的质量比增大时,载药量和包封率都有提高,且微球体外释放较小.微球表面光滑,尺寸为4 μm左右.     

醉椒素脂质体的制备及其理化性质考察

制备醉椒素脂质体并对其稳定性进行考察.采用薄膜-超声分散法制备脂质体,利用高效液相色谱法测定其主药含量,并考察其粒径、Zeta电位、包封率等指标及在室温与4℃保存14 d的稳定性.所得脂质体粒径小而均匀,粒径均值为(161±5)nm,Zeta电位为(2.37 ±0.2) mV,包封率均在77.09％以上,稳定性考察各项指标均无明显改变.由此可以得出结论,所制制剂包封率较高,稳定性良好.     

基于硬脂酸丁酯乳液的球形相变微胶囊的制备

采用三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂为壁材,硬脂酸丁酯为芯材,通过原位聚合法制备相变微胶囊.通过正交试验方法研究乳化剂用量、HLB值、乳化温度及乳化时间对硬脂酸丁酯乳液的影响,确定最佳乳化条件.采用激光粒径分布仪、FT-IR、SEM、DSC表征乳化液形貌、稳定性和相变微胶囊的结构、形貌以及热性能.结果表明:当复配乳化剂的HLB值=11,乳化时间为20min,乳化温度为70℃,乳化剂用量为10%,搅拌速度为4 000r/min,硬脂酸丁酯乳液的稳定性最好,以此乳液制备的微胶囊呈规则球状,结构致密,分散均匀,平均粒径3μm;相变温度为20.4℃,相变潜热为87.81J/g.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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