陕西红碱淖遗鸥(Larus relictus)繁殖种群动态

报道了红碱淖自2000年首次记录遗鸥(Larus relictus)以来随后5年间对其繁殖种群数量变化的监测结果．2005年,红碱淖遗鸥繁殖种群达2460巢,成为继内蒙古桃力庙-阿拉善湾海子和敖拜淖尔之后目前最大遗鸥种群的繁殖地．结合历年来红碱淖由于气候变化引起的水位及湖心岛变化情况,在未来5-10年间,红碱淖仍将是遗鸥重要繁殖地之一．     

基于亚米级卫星数据的典型喀斯特小流域石漠化空间格局与演变特征

【目的】阐明石漠化演变的过程和机制,为下一步石漠化综合治理的方向和重点提供科学依据。【方法】选取契合喀斯特地区景观特点的亚米级卫星数据,使用指数分类法提取2003年和2013年研究区不同等级石漠化信息,对研究区石漠化空间格局和演变特征进行分析。【结果】指数分类法分类精度评价结果显示,Kappa系数大于0.8,且野外验证精度为85%,说明解译结果可信。2003—2013年,研究区石漠化面积从96.55km~2减少至88.97km~2,石漠化面积呈现减少的趋势,总体减少速率为0.76km~2/a;无明显石漠化增加速率最大,为20.11km~2/a,轻度和中度石漠化演变速率为-0.23km~2/a和-0.02km~2/a。虽然不同等级石漠化面积之间均有转化,但是向无明显石漠化转移的面积(7.65km~2)大于向强度石漠化转移的面积(3.04km~2)。演变方向上,石漠化轻度改善的面积最大为10.56km~2。【结论】研究区整体的石漠化状况有所好转,总体上石漠化治理取得一定的成效,但是轻度恶化的面积(6.08km~2)也不容忽视,需要对石漠化治理工程效果进行巩固。     

基于土地利用变化的宝鸡市建成区碳排放估算研究

目的揭示宝鸡市建成区2000-2013年碳排放变化规律。方法基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,确定土地利用变化阈值,并通过引入人口密度栅格数据,采用新方法估算宝鸡市建成区2000年和2013年碳排放量。结果 (1)基于夜间灯光数据提取的2000年和2013年宝鸡市建成区面积分别为36 km~2和101 km~2,土地利用变化(城市扩张)的速度为4.64 km~2/a;(2)14年间,宝鸡市建成区人口密度峰值由渭滨区向金台区转移;(3)刻画了地级市内部基于栅格单元的碳排放空间分布格局;(4) 2000年和2013年宝鸡市建成区碳排放强度均值分别为0.57万t/km~2和0.85万t/km~2,碳排放量增加了66.07万t,其中金台区增幅最多,为52.12万t。结论研究成果有望为宝鸡市或类似工业城市制定更精细的碳减排政策提供有益参考。     

陕西红碱淖遗鸥繁殖种群及其栖息地现状的研究

对2001-2008年间红碱淖遗鸥繁殖种群数量动态及其栖息地现状进行了记述。遗鸥繁殖种群数量从2001年的87巢增长到2007年的5036巢,成为目前已知全球范围内最大遗鸥繁殖种群。2008年下降为3875巢。环志观察结果显示,不少于8.6%的遗鸥个体于出生后第3年参与繁殖。2008年红碱淖南北两侧各有4个湖心岛,总面积约80000㎡均有遗鸥繁殖。未来红碱淖湿地仍将是遗鸥重要的繁殖地。     

交易信息

项目名称:榆林红碱淖生态旅游区开发项目挂牌编号:03810027项目属地:榆林所属行业:其他合作方式:融资项目介绍: 红碱淖位于榆林市神木县、鄂尔多斯草原以南的毛乌素沙地西部,拥有中国北方最大的沙漠淡水湖和丰富的野生动植物资源。建设红碱淖生态旅游区,既可获取经济效益,又     

典型露天矿区生态环境遥感评价

研究露天矿区生态环境演变及其时空变化规律,对露天矿区生态环境保护和建设绿色矿山具有重要意义。以平朔矿区为例,基于Landsat 5/8影像和气象数据,采用RSEI指数及改进的CASA模型监测1989—2019年平朔矿区生态环境演变并分析生态恢复力与RSEI、NPP的关系,结果表明:平朔矿区1989—2019年生态环境呈变好趋势,差等级面积从1989年的33.00 km~2减少到2019年的16.75 km~2,优和良等级面积分别增5.51 km~2和5.66 km~2;研究区采矿面积从1989年的10.63 km~2增加到2019年的65.84 km~2;2019年土地复垦面积比2002年增加了14.97 km~2;基于线性加权构建表征生态恢复力大小的综合指数Z分析表明30 a间矿区生态恢复力逐渐增大,且该指数与NPP和RSEI呈显著正相关(P0.01)。利用自然间断法将综合指标分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4级,分别表示生态恢复力由低到高,30 a间生态恢复力低的I区面积呈下降趋势,生态恢复力高的IV区面积呈增加趋势,说明30 a间平朔矿区复垦效果显著。     

银川平原湿地资源遥感监测

利用1989,1999,2009年3个时期TM/ETM+遥感数据,综合应用分层分类和面向对象分类技术,对银川平原湿地资源进行提取和分类,并开展1989—2009年银川平原湿地动态变化分析.结果表明,20a银川平原湿地面积减少了一半,从1989年的656.45km~2下降到2009年的332.56km~2,特别是黄河面积大幅度减少,由342.42km~2下降到98.13km~2,但在1999—2009年,下降的速率为1.07%,小于1989—1999年的下降速率6.59%.1989年自然湿地的面积占绝对的优势,约为75%,1999年和2009年自然湿地的比例下降到60%.20a养殖基地的面积增长了1倍;后10a增加的速率为6.24%,大于前10a增加的速率2.19%.造成湿地景观格局变化的主要原因包括气候变暖,黄河来水量减少和人为活动的影响.     

陕西红碱淖遗鸥繁殖种群及其栖息地观状的研究

对2001—2008年间红碱淖遗鸥繁殖种群数量动态及其栖息地现状进行了记述。遗鸥繁殖种群数量从2001年的87巢增长到2007年的5036巢。成为目前已知全球范围内最大遗鸥繁殖种群。2008年下降为3875巢。环志观察结果显示,不少于8．6％的遗鸥个体于出生后第3年参与繁殖。2008年红碱淖南北两侧各有4个湖心岛,总面积约80000衍均有遗鸥繁殖。未来红碱淖湿地仍将是遗鸥重要的繁殖地。     

基于NDVI的黄山市歙县植被覆盖度动态变化研究

以安徽省黄山市歙县为研究目标,对该地区2006年、2009年和2014年三期TM/ETM+影像数据进行分析,提取出NDVI,再利用像元二分法推算植被覆盖率及其变化的过程,简要分析其植被覆盖度变化原因.研究结果表明,植被覆盖度一级植被面积增加约25km~2,三级植被面积增加约870km~2,四级植被面积增加146km~2,二级植被向其他植被等级转移,三、四级植被覆盖度不断增大,一、二级植被也有改造的良好趋势.     

近十年来福建兴化湾湿地景观格局及其驱动力分析

基于2007～2017年3期Landsat卫星影像构建福建兴化湾湿地景观空间数据库,分析湿地景观的组成及其变化,并应用景观格局指数分析研究湿地景观格局演变趋势.结果表明:2007、2013和2017年,兴化湾湿地面积分别为592.75、578.85和561.65 km~2,其在10 a间减少31.10 km~2,降幅为5.25%.2007-2017年间,淤泥质海滩的变化最为剧烈,减少19.72 km~2,变化率为-15.63%;其次为浅海水域,减少6.32 km~2,变化率为-1.72%;再次为水产养殖场,减少5.33 km~2,变化率为-8.49%.尽管红树林湿地面积增加较小(0.28 km~2),但其增长幅度最大,达133.33%,这与此间该区红树林湿地恢复得以重视有关.近10 a来兴化湾湿地景观整体呈破碎化萎缩趋势,且破碎化程度随时间的推移逐步加剧.研究发现,自然气候变化和海平面上升整体对该区湿地的存在产生不利影响,而人类活动,特别是围填海工程是造成近10 a来兴化湾湿地面积减少和景观格局变化的主要驱动因素.     

Water balance estimates of ten greatest lakes in China using ICESat and Landsat data

Lake level and area variations are sensitive to regional climate changes and can be used to indirectly estimate water balances of lakes. In this study, 10 of the largest lakes in China, ～1000 km² or larger, are examined to determine changes in lake level and area derived respectively from ICESat and Landsat data recorded between 2003 and 2009. The time series of lake level and area of Selin Co, Nam Co, and Qinghai Lake in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Xingkai Lake in northeastern China exhibit an increasing trend, with Selin Co showing the fastest rise in lake level (0.69 m/a), area (32.59 km²/a), and volume (1.25 km³/a) among the 10 examined lakes. Bosten and Hulun lakes in the arid and semiarid region of northern China show a decline in both lake level and area, with Bosten Lake showing the largest decrease in lake level (?0.43 m/a) and Hulun Lake showing the largest area shrinkage (?35.56 km²/a). However, Dongting, Poyang, Taihu, and Hongze lakes in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin present seasonal variability without any apparent tendencies. The lake level and area show strong correlations for Selin Co, Nam Co, Qinghai, Poyang, Hulun, and Bosten lakes (R ² >0.80) and for Taihu, Hongze, and Xingkai lakes (～0.70) and weak correlation for East Dongting Lake (0.37). The lake level changes and water volume changes are in very good agreement for all lakes (R ² > 0.98). Water balances of the 10 lakes are derived on the basis of both lake level and area changes, with Selin Co, Nam Co, Qinghai, and Xingkai lakes showing positive water budgets of 9.08, 4.07, 2.88, and 1.09 km³, respectively. Bosten and Hulun lakes show negative budgets of ?3.01 and ?4.73 km³, respectively, and the four lakes along the Yangtze River show no obvious variations. Possible explanations for the lake level and area changes in these four lakes are also discussed. This study suggests that satellite remote sensing could serve as a fast and effective tool for estimating lake water balance.     

基于遥感影像群的洪湖水面利用变化检测

湖泊作为湿地的重要组成部分,对生态多样性的保持和环境功能的维系起着不可替代的作用.在经济社会发展的不同阶段,人类对于湖泊的开发利用体现出不同的特点.获取不同时期湖泊利用的信息不仅有助于了解湖泊变化的规律和原因,也可为湖泊未来的合理利用及生态管理提供决策支持.洪湖是湖北境内江汉湖群的最大湖泊.利用1985、1995、2000和2005年四期平水期TM/ETM遥感图像提取各期洪湖水面利用信息并进行分析.结果显示:1985年至2005年间,洪湖未利用湖面面积1985年到2000年由于受人为作用影响有所减少,2000年至2005年后基本维持谷值;围网养殖区的面积从1985年不断扩大直至2000年达到峰值,此后基本保持稳定;湖区水生植被相应也从1985年不断减少至2000年的谷底值,随后由于生态建设工程的实施,水生植被迅速恢复.     

Estimation of the rational wa-ter area for controlling wind erosion in the dried-up basin of the Ebinur Lake and its effect detection

The Ebinur Lake region was described as a “Green Labyrinth” in “Xinjiang Map Records: Records of Rivers” published in 1910, however, the ecology and environment in the region have been seriously degenerated due to the impacts of human activities during the recent 40 years. A dried-up lake basin with an area of 107.4 km² forms in its northwestern part, is covered by unconsolidated silt deposit without vegetation, and has become one of the main dust sources of dust weathers in north Xinjiang, and the dust with an annual amount of 4.8×10⁶ t is blown out of the region by strong winds from the Alataw mountain-gap where there are 164 days occurring strong winds in a year. The rational water area and inflow of the Ebinur Lake for improving the ecology in the lake region and effectively controlling wind erosion in the dried-up lake basin are estimated using the water balance equation after analyzing the current ecological problems and the relationship be-tween the granular composition of deposit in the dried-up lake basin and the dust weathers, and the ecological effects in recent years are monitored. It is considered that the water area of the Ebinur Lake for improving the ecology in the lake region and effec-tively controlling wind erosion in the dried-up lake basin should be 800 km² at least, and the annual volume of surface runoff and groundwater recharging the lake should be over 7.92×10⁸ m³.     

基于GIS和USLE模型的巢湖流域土壤侵蚀评价

土壤侵蚀是全世界都关心的土地资源与环境保护问题。巢湖作为中国第五大淡水湖,近年来由于水体富营养化产生的水华现象引起多方重视,对巢湖流域土壤侵蚀评估对于环境保护战略与土地规划政策具有重要的意义。基于GIS平台,采用通用土壤流失方程(USLE)来评估巢湖流域14县/区2000年到2010年土壤侵蚀空间分布变化趋势。研究表明:(1)巢湖流域土壤侵蚀严重区域主要分布在金安区、舒城县、居巢区以及含山县的丘陵地区,即杭埠河-丰乐河流域、裕溪河流域与柘皋河流域的上游地区;(2)从2000年到2010年,土壤微度侵蚀、强度侵蚀、极强度侵蚀和剧烈侵蚀区域占巢湖流域总面积比例分别减少了0.5%、0.05%、0.21%和0.23%,而轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀区域所占比例分别增加了0.98%和0.01%,总体呈现土壤强度侵蚀、极强度侵蚀与剧烈侵蚀区域向轻、中度侵蚀转移的趋势。(3)植被覆盖度变化是巢湖流域土壤侵蚀分级发生变化的主要原因,总体上,2000~2010年研究区由于植被覆盖度的波动性增加呈现土壤侵蚀分级波动性降低的趋势。     

High-altitude salt lake elevation changes and glacial ablation in Central Tibet, 2000-2010

This research quantifies lake level variations in the Siling Co, Co’e and Bangor Co salt lakes in Central Tibet from 1976 to 2010, and most notably for the 2000-2010 periods. In particular, the effects of different water replenishment modes on the lakes have been analyzed. Here we have provided new evidences for climate warming and accelerated glacial ablation on the Central Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2010. Based on fieldwork involving Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) surveying and Remote Sensing (RS) interpretations of the lake area, we have drawn the following conclusions. (1) From 1976 to 2010, the process of lake level variation in Siling Co can be divided into two stages. From 1976 to 2000, the lake level rose 4.3 m in a steady fashion (from 4530 to 4534.3 m); the rise rate was 0.18 m/a. From 2000 to 2010, the lake level rapidly rose 8.2 m (from 4534.3 to 4542.5 m), with a dramatically higher rise rate of 0.82 m/a. Compared with the rapidly increasing lake level of Siling Co from 2000 to 2010, the fluctuations observed at Co’e and Bangor Co were smooth and inconspicuous. (2) From 1976 to 2009, the lake area of Siling Co experienced a steady-rapid-steady expansion pattern. The lake area of Siling Co increased 656.64 km2 in the 34 years to 2010, a proportional growth of 39.4%. This was particularly significant in the 2000-2010 period, when the lake area of Siling Co increased by 549.77 km2, a proportional growth of 30.6%. (3) According to correlation analysis, the rise in regional temperatures, which has led to the ablation of glaciers, is the main reason for the rapid rise in Siling Co lake levels in the 10 years to 2010. During this period, Siling Co rose approximately 8 m as the direct result of glacial melting. An increase in precipitation in the Siling Co catchment area is the secondary factor. This contrasts with Bangor Co, where the dominant factor in lake level change is the long-term increase in precipitation; here, the increasing temperature is the secondary factor.     

Holocene lake deposits of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, China

A 9.25-m-long sediment core from Bosten Lake,Xinjiang, provides detailed information about changes in the water budget and biological acticity over the last 8400 cal-endar years. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the terrestrial plant remains. Based onanalyses of TOC, CO3, detrital compounds and biogenic SiO2,lake level fluctuations and periods of remarkably-negative water budget appeared at 8.4-8.2 cal ka, 7.38-7.25 cal ka,5.7-5.5 cal ka, 3.7-3.4 cal ka and 3.3-2.9 cal ka, respec-tively. As they are in-phase with low lake levels at Sumxl Co and Bangong Co in western Tibet Plateau and with paleo-lakes in Inner Mongolia, a climate-induced change to some-what drier and warmer conditions is inferred. A further drop in lake level after 1320 AD of about 200 yr duration may heattributed to a negative water balance prior to the main phase of the Little Ice Age. Deep and stable lake phases of 1500 yr and 1800 yr duration at 7.2-5.7 cal ka and 5.5-3.7cal ka coincide with maximum moisture during the Holocene Megathermai in China. The long term trend towards aridity since about 4.3 cal ka can dearly be recognised. The reduced water budget of Bosten Lake from 640-1200 AD may be attributed to local effects.     

太湖湿地植被时空变化特征及其驱动机制

基于1980—2019年Landsat长时间序列遥感影像，结合近40 a的水文和气象数据，综合最大似然、空间质心模型、小波连续变换等方法，分析了太湖水生植被时空变化特征及水位周期变化的影响．结果表明:1）近40 a来太湖水生植被总面积呈现出先减少、后大幅增加、又小幅减少的趋势，动态相对指标为217.50%．沉水植物在总植被面积中占比最大，并在2014年达到峰值340.59 km2；浮水植物面积波动较明显，波动范围为1.32%~19.74%；2014年挺水植物面积达到最低值，为13.35 km2，面积整体上呈下降趋势．2）1980—2019年，太湖水生植被群落空间分布向湖区西北部偏移，挺水植物、浮水植物、沉水植物空间质心整体向湖区西北方向分别移动11.45、25.19、7.01 km，偏移方向分别为北偏西39.74°、6.32°、69.88°．3）近40 a来太湖年均水位呈上升趋势，水位变化的主周期为28 a，经历2次丰枯转换，今后将逐渐进入丰水期；年降雨量、年均温、年日照时间也发生了一定的波动．4）太湖水位周期变化对于水生植被影响较为明显，沉水植物面积与年均水位有显著的正相关性，气象因子与植被面积变化相关性较弱，但是风向对于水生植被迁移影响较大，除此之外人类活动也是影响太湖水生植被时空分布的重要因素．研究结果可为湖泊湿地生态系统、水生植被时空动态及其驱动机制研究提供一定的理论和方法参考，对于太湖湿地生态恢复提供一定的决策支持．      

南水北调东线工程调水期洪泽湖水质变化规律分析

为了解南水北调东线工程调水期间洪泽湖水质变化,基于2013—2020年洪泽湖调水期水质监测数据,采用Daniel趋势检验分析水质年变化趋势,通过空间插值得出各湖区水质分布规律,并进一步用主成分分析法分析水质主要污染类型。结果表明：2013—2020年洪泽湖调水期水质在合格至轻度污染之间,TP和TN为主要超标因子;时间上水质有变好趋势,空间上过水区水质最差,但有转好趋势,而成子湖区和溧河洼区有所恶化;污染类型以富营养化污染为主,氮磷营养盐影响较大;水质污染以入湖河流输入和建设用地增加人类活动的污染为主要来源,还伴有偶发污染事故;时间上洪泽湖对东线输水的综合水质有改善趋势,建议进一步加强相关污染防治工作,保护洪泽湖水环境,保障南水北调东线工程输水水质安全。     

Monitoring lake changes of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau over the past30 years using satellite remote sensing data

During the years 2006–2009,lakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)were investigated using satellite remote sensing strategies.We report the results of this investigation as well as follow-up research and expanded work.For the investigation,we mainly focused on lakes whose areas are more than 1 km2.The remote sensing data that we used included 408 scenes of CBERS CCD images and 5 scenes of Landsat ETM?images in Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region.All these data were acquired around years 2005–2006.Besides remote sensing images,we also collected 1,259 topographic maps.Numbers and areas of lakes were analyzed statistically,which were then compared with those coming from the first lake investigation(implemented between the1960s and 1980s).According to our investigation,up to and around year 2005–2006,the total number of lakes in the QTP was 1,055(222 in Qinghai and 833 in Tibet),accounting for more than 30%of that of China.Thirty newborn lakes with area[1 km2were found,and 5 dead lakes with initial area[1 km2were also found.Among those 13 big lakes([500 km2),Yamzhog Yumco had seriously shrunk,and it has continued to shrink in recent years;Qinghai Lake had shrunk during the period,but some new researches indicated that it has been expanding since the year 2004;Siling Co,Nam Co,and Chibuzhang Co had expanded in the period.We divided the newborn lakes into six categories according to their forming reasons,including river expansion,wetland conversion,etc.The changes of natural conditions led to the death of four lakes,and human exploitation was the main reason for the death of Dalianhai Lake in Qinghai.We picked out three regions which were sensitive to the change of climate and ecological environment:Nagqu Region,Kekexili Region,and the source area of the Yellow River(SAYR).Lakes in both Nagqu and Kekexili have been expanded;meanwhile,most lakes in the SAYR have obviously been shrunk.These regional patterns of lake changes were highly related to variations of temperature,glacier,precipitation,and evaporation.Our investigation and analysis will provide references for researches related to lake changes in the QTP and the response to climate fluctuations.     

青海湖萎缩干涸原因、发展趋势及对生态环境的影响

对青海湖萎缩干涸原因,发展趋势及其对生态环境的影响进行研究,结果表明：（a)该湖泊的补给水量常常入不敷出,原因是受气气候变化和人类经济活动等影响,其中湖区所受的人类活动影响较小;（b)湖水位的变化与人类耗用水量之间没有明显的联系,其水位变化基本上反映了该流域内的自然气候条件的变化,针对青海湖流域的这一特点,采用线性扰动模型（LPM）,能较好的地模拟青湖的水位变化过程及预测未来的水位变化趋势。