区域管制中注视转移特征

为研究区域管制员在管制过程中的注视转移特征,利用雷达管制模拟机和眼动仪搭建试验平台,设计飞机架次数目(3架、7架)不同的两种模拟管制场景,并划分动态兴趣区,应用马尔可夫链模型分析被试在不同飞机数目下的注视转移特征。结果表明:飞机数量增加后,被试的注视转移范围缩小,且被试当前注视某架飞机时,其下一注视点的注视转移范围仅限某几架飞机之间;而当前注视非飞机区域时,其下一注视点的注视转移范围更广,注意力的分配较前者更为合理。对区域管制员在航班流量较大下注意力分配方面的培训具有重要的参考价值。     

区域管制中注视转移特征研究

为研究区域管制员在管制过程中的注视转移特征,利用雷达管制模拟机和眼动仪搭建试验平台,设计飞机架次数目(3架、7架)不同的两种模拟管制场景,并划分动态兴趣区,应用马尔科夫链模型分析被试在不同飞机数目下的注视转移特征。结果表明：飞机数量增加后,被试的注视转移范围缩小,且被试当前注视某架飞机时,其下一注视点的注视转移范围仅限某几架飞机之间;而当前注视非飞机区域时,其下一注视点的注视转移范围更广,注意力的分配较前者更为合理。本研究对区域管制员在航班流量较大时注意力分配方面的培训具有重要的参考价值。     

管制员与管制学员模拟雷达管制中注视转移规律研究

对比管制员和管制学员于模拟管制中的眼动模式,探索其注视转移规律,为管制员培训等提出建议。将被试根据管制资格和经历分成管制员组和管制学员组,整合雷达管制模拟机和眼动仪进行实验,记录管制员组和管制学员组被试管制过程的眼动数据,应用马尔科夫链模型分析被试的注视转移特征。不管当前注视点位于哪个区域,两组被试转移回原区域的概率均大于转移至其他区域的概率。管制员的注意转移模式呈现"环形",管制学员组的注意转移模式呈现"星型"居多。眼动模式跟管制经验相关,通过眼动指标的分析,可以得知注视转移规律,为管制员培训等提出建议。     

基于实时视线跟踪的管制员冲突解脱策略

为了系统性的探究管制员在进行冲突解脱过程中的眼动行为,利用雷达模拟机模拟天津机场在进近过程中的真实管制场景,首先将进行高度穿越的航空器标牌、航向、标牌及航向分别标为兴趣区,探究在进行高度穿越时管制员所主要关注的区域;之后将发生冲突时所有管制员所要关注的区域设为兴趣区,探究冲突相关航空器之间的眼动行为以及冲突相关航空器与其他航空器之间的眼动特征。实验结果表明管制员在指挥飞机时主要通过航空器的标牌信息进行信息获取,在解决冲突的过程中,其注意力不仅仅集中于冲突区域,还会将相当一部分注意力分配到已切四边或五边以及距离冲突区域较近的航空器。     

管制员冲突解脱过程的眼动行为分析

为了系统性的探究管制员在进行冲突解脱过程中的眼动行为,利用雷达模拟机模拟天津机场在进近过程中的真实管制场景,首先将进行高度穿越的航空器标牌、航向、标牌及航向分别标为兴趣区,探究在进行高度穿越时管制员所主要关注的区域。之后将发生冲突时所有管制员所要关注的区域设为兴趣区,探究冲突相关航空器之间的眼动行为以及冲突相关航空器与其他航空器之间的眼动特征。实验结果表明管制员在指挥飞机时主要通过航空器的标牌信息进行信息获取,在解决冲突的过程中,其注意力不仅仅集中于冲突区域,还会将相当一部分注意力分配到已切四边或五边以及距离冲突区域较近的航空器。     

注视时长及扫视速度与管制负荷的关系研究

利用雷达管制模拟机设定了不同工作负荷水平下的管制任务,采用tobii X2-60眼动仪,对16名被试在不同工作负荷下的实时眼动数据进行采集。在分别分析了注视时长、扫视速度与工作负荷变化关系的基础上,建立了注视时长及扫视速度与工作负荷的回归模型,并对模型的准确性进行了验证。结果表明:随着工作负荷的增大,注视时长和扫视速度都会随之减小。回归模型的准确性在85%以上。     

扇区流量分配方式对管制员情景意识的影响探究

随着市场经济的不断发展和人民生活水平的显著提高,越来越多的人选择乘坐飞机出行,我国航空需求量大大增加,其航空安全问题也备受关注。据不完全统计,现阶段,航空不安全事件的发生与大部分空中交通管制员的情境意识下降有关,所以空中交通管制员的情境意识对预防航空不安全事件具有重要影响。该文主要选择了10名管制学员作为被试,在雷达管制模拟机上进行区域管制模拟实验,利用Tobii X2-60眼动仪记录他们的眼动行为数据。通过分析注视点百分比、注视时间百分比、注视点的平均注视时间、平均瞳孔尺寸和平均扫视幅度5个眼动指标,探究扇区流量分配方式对管制员的情景意识的影响。     

塔台管制中NNI注视指数与情境意识的相关性研究

为挖掘测量塔台管制员情境意识（SA）的可用眼动指标,搭建模拟塔台管制眼动试验平台,设计3组难度试验。用NASA-TLX量表评估被试的任务负荷,对其进行方差分析,验证了试验设计的合理性;利用NNI算法量化被试的注视模式,用3D-SART量表评估被试的SA,利用SPSS软件对被试的NNI注视指数与SA进行以任务负荷为控制变量的偏相关分析和无控制变量的皮尔逊相关性分析。结果表明,被试的NNI注视指数与SA有显著中度正相关,且相关程度不受试验难度影响;NNI注视指数可以作为测量塔台管制员SA的一项眼动指标。     

塔台管制中最邻近指数注视指数与情境意识的相关性研究

为挖掘测量塔台管制员情境意识(SA)的可用眼动指标,搭建模拟塔台管制眼动试验平台。设计3组难度试验。用NASA-TLX量表评估被试的任务负荷,对其进行方差分析,验证了试验设计的合理性。利用NNI算法量化被试的注视模式,用3D-SART量表评估被试的SA,利用SPSS软件对被试的NNI注视指数与SA进行以任务负荷为控制变量的偏相关分析和无控制变量的皮尔逊相关性分析。结果表明,被试的NNI注视指数与SA有中度正相关,且相关程度不受试验难度影响;NNI注视指数可以作为测量塔台管制员SA的一项眼动指标。     

大学生面孔识别中不同兴趣区及被试性别的差异研究

采用眼动追踪技术,以60名大学生为被试,进行2×3的混合实验,探讨不同兴趣区在面孔识别中的重要性,以及被试性别是否对面孔识别产生影响.结果发现被试对眼睛的注视点个数、总注视时间、首注视持续时间显著多于鼻子和嘴巴;鼻子部位的首视点时间显著先于眼睛和嘴巴部位;兴趣区在各眼动指标上,皆存在主效应,P0.05.兴趣区与被试性别在注视点个数、总注视时间上的交互作用显著;男生对鼻子部位的注视次数和注视时间比女生更多,而女生对眼睛的注视次数显著多于男生.研究表明:眼睛在面孔识别中发挥着比鼻子、嘴巴更加重要的作用,对眼睛的认知加工更多,被试性别影响大学生对面孔识别的眼动模式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with