7050合金电流均匀化过程中的温度分布

研究了电流、风机频率、冷却水和辅助加热对7050合金均匀化过程中温度场分布的影响.结果表明:单纯施加电流时,试样心部及表面温度分布十分不均匀.电流为1500A时,试样中心点处温度只能达到402℃.在电流加热过程中采用吹风方式,心部与表面温差为79℃.采用辅助加热后,心部与表面温差小于±5℃.利用ANSYS建立的温度场数学模型,预测电流为16000A、尺寸为100mm×200mm×2000mm试样的中心点心部温度为324℃,心部与表面温差为1℃.在铝合金均匀化过程中,施加1000A电流,可有效促进晶界残余相的溶解.     

内置电加热管烘干机小麦加热特性

采用内置远红外线电加热管烘干机加热小麦 ,对物料层升温速度和温度分布均匀性与穿透风速的关系进行了单因素试验和四因素二水平的正交试验研究 ,结果表明 ,物料内层的升温速度及内外层温差均随穿透风速的增加而降低 ,内外层温差随加热时间先增大后减小 ;并给出四因素之间的较优参数组合     

微波加热低渗透煤岩温度分布及影响特征

为研究微波加热开采低渗透煤层气的效率,采用不同功率的微波加热煤体实验和对比数值模拟相结合的方法,开展微波加热低渗透煤岩温度分布范围及影响规律研究.结果表明:微波功率的大小决定了升温的快慢,温度越高,功率对升温速度的影响就越明显.微波加热时传热速率是电加热的1.5倍,煤体温度与微波功率有线性增长关系;温度场的分布在微波电场传播方向上具有明显的阶段性和区域分布不均匀性,在微波输出端口处温度值最大,随距离增加温度值快速降低.煤体的最高和最低温度随微波功率变化而发生变化.研究成果对我国低渗透煤层煤层气开采提供参考.     

无模拉伸温度场的实验研究

在自制的无模拉伸机上,研究了无模拉伸温度场的形态及其影响因素,分析了无模拉伸温度场的变化规律,提出以被拉伸线材的最高温度、内部与表面层的温差及变形区轴向温度梯度作为反映无模拉伸温度场形态的特征参数。实验和分析表明:加热线圈和冷却装置的移动速度的增大,使拉伸温度下降,变形区的轴向温度梯度减小。而变形程度的增大,加热线圈与冷却喷嘴间距的减小,使无模拉伸温度下降,增大变形区的轴向温度梯度。在高频感应加热条件下,导磁性材料的拉伸温度受加热线圈和冷却装置的移动速度影响小。     

基于碳纤维红外辐射特性的除冰研究

采用通电加热方式研究了PAN基碳纤维的红外发热特性,进一步探索了其除冰性能。结果表明随输入功率的增加,碳纤维表面的升温能力显著提升,当输入功率为23.92 w时,样品在100 s内可升至215 ℃。当输入电压低于5 V时碳纤维电阻出现先增加后减小的现象,表明了PAN基碳纤维的半导体特性,红外成像测试表明碳纤维表面温度分布均匀。融冰实验表明碳纤维样品的面积、温度、距离、融冰水等因素都对融冰速率都有影响,随着碳纤维加热片样品温度和面积的增加以及融冰水的去除冰柱融化时间不断缩减,纤维红外辐射强度随距离增加而迅速衰减。恒定温度为125℃时,5 cm × 5 cm样品最大融冰速率为0.385 g/min。恒定面积时,125 ℃时最大融冰速率相对于室温自然融化提升了115.3%。当面积温度恒定时,有无融冰水情况下,融冰速率相差43.9%。实验证明,利用碳纤维的红外辐射加热在飞机除冰方面这具有较大潜在应用价值。     

基于聚丙烯腈基碳纤维红外辐射特性的飞机除冰性能

采用通电加热方式研究了聚丙烯腈(polyacrylonitrile PAN)基碳纤维的红外发热特性,进一步探索了其除冰性能。结果表明随输入功率的增加,碳纤维表面的升温能力显著提升,当输入功率为23.92 W时,样品在100 s内可升至215℃。当输入电压低于5 V时,碳纤维电阻出现先增加后减小的现象,表明了PAN基碳纤维的半导体特性。红外成像测试表明碳纤维表面温度分布均匀。融冰实验表明碳纤维样品的面积、温度、距离、融冰水等因素都对融冰速率都有影响;随着碳纤维加热片样品温度和面积的增加以及融冰水的去除冰柱融化时间不断缩减,纤维红外辐射强度随距离增加而迅速衰减。恒定温度为125℃时,5 cm×5 cm样品最大融冰速率为0.385 g/min。恒定面积时,125℃时最大融冰速率相对于室温自然融化提升了115.3%。当面积温度恒定时,有无融冰水情况下,融冰速率相差43.9%。实验证明,利用碳纤维的红外辐射加热在飞机除冰方面这具有较大潜在应用价值。     

微波加热煤储层的共轭传热模型

为研究微波和常规加热时煤储层内温度场的演化规律及储层瓦斯解吸量的变化规律,采用理论分析和数值模拟的试验方法,构建以岩石SEM图像为几何特征,瓦斯和煤基质块体为传热介质的共轭传热模型,对比常规加热和微波功率为1W、3W、5W和7W时温度场的演化过程.结果表明:微波加热时热量由煤储层内向外传递,传热速率是常规加热的1.5倍,且传热速率与微波功率呈对数增长关系;温度场的分布在微波电场传播方向上具有明显的阶段性和区域分布不均匀性,在距离微波端口处温度值最大,随距离增加温度值快速降低;在端口附近200μm的范围内温度的极差值是中部区域的14倍;瓦斯的吸附量随功率的增大基本呈线性递减关系.     

补白$微波加热煤储层的共轭传热模型

为研究微波和常规加热时煤储层内温度场的演化规律及储层瓦斯解吸量的变化规律,采用理论分析和数值模拟的试验方法,构建了以岩石SEM图像为几何特征,瓦斯和煤基质块体为传热介质的共轭传热模型,对比了常规加热和微波功率为1W 3W 5W 7W时温度场的演化过程.结果表明:微波加热时热量由煤储层内向外传递,传热速率是常规加热的1.5倍,且传热速率与微波功率呈对数增长关系;温度场的分布在微波电场传播方向上具有明显的阶段性和区域分布不均匀性,在距离微波端口处温度值最大,随距离增加温度值快速降低;在端口附近200 um的范围内温度的极差值是中部区域的14倍;瓦斯的吸附量随功率的增大基本呈线性递减关系.     

壁面加热对微圆柱漩涡脱落的影响

建立二维数学模型,对比研究了低雷诺数下（0~100）壁面加热对直径分别为2 cm、20 μm及2 μm的微圆柱漩涡脱落的影响规律。深入探讨了直径、壁面与流体温差对圆柱绕流中漩涡生长和脱落规律、尾流区速度、温度场及涡街参数分布等的影响规律及其原因,并基于计算结果拟合出了低雷诺数下斯特劳哈尔数（Sr)与雷诺数（Re)的定量关系式。研究发现当圆柱直径降至2 μm时,与常规尺度圆柱相比微圆柱尾流区涡街的出现明显提前;而壁面加热减小了三者的差距,使三种不同直径圆柱背风区涡街出现的最低Re均降至40以下。微圆柱涡街的漩涡列距和间距之比h/l的值随着温差的增加而逐渐增大;相同温差下不同直径圆柱尾流区涡街h/l均随Re增加而减小,在相同Re下h/l值随圆柱直径的减小而明显增大。存在壁面加热时微圆柱绕流的Sr要高于无加热工况,两者之差最高可达20%左右。     

基于ANSYS的原子层沉积加热系统温度均匀性分析

为了研究提高原子层沉积加热系统温度均匀性的有效解决方案,采用ANSYS仿真软件建立原子层沉积反应室模型。利用控制变量法,以提高衬底的温度均匀性为目标,观察气体入口流量、电阻片与加热盘的距离和加热温度对反应室热场的影响。随着气体流量的增加,底部流动边界层趋于稳定,加热盘的温度场分布更加均匀;随着加热盘与电阻片之间距离的增大,从电阻片到达石墨盘下表面的热量减少,石墨盘表面最高温度和温差都随之减小,温度均匀性得到提高;随着加热温度的升高,加热盘表面温度增高,因此,可以通过分区加热来提高加热盘表面温度均匀性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that