山东及辽宁晚寒武世长山期新三叶虫

报道了产于中国华北地台东部上寒武统长山阶三叶虫的４个新属和５个新种。新属Ｇｕｓｈａｎａｓｐｉｓ和Ｔａｎｇｗａｎｇｚｈａｉａ产于山东中部Ｅｏｃｈｕａｎｇｉａ带;新属Ｙａｎｚｈｕａｎｇｉａ和Ｆｕｚｈｏｕｃｗａｎｉａ均产于山东中部和辽宁大连Ｋａａｌｉｓｈａｎｉａ带上亚带Ｋ,ｐｕｓｔｕｌｏｓａ亚带;新种Ｃｈｕａｎｇｉａｍｅｉｓｃａ产物大连Ｃｈｕａｎｇｉａ带。     

贵州金沙寒武系牛蹄塘组古盘虫类三叶虫的地层意义

通过对贵州金沙岩孔剖面牛蹄塘组的逐层化石采集,发现了大量古盘虫类三叶虫,包括Tsunyidiscus armatus和Tsunyidiscus niutitangensis,同时确定了T.armatus的顶界,将T.armatus顶峰带修订为T.armatus延限带。T.armatus是贵州最早出现的三叶虫,其对于寒武系第3阶底界的确定具有重要意义,此次修订的T.armatus延限带体现了生物的演化阶段,为区域地层的精细划分与对比提供重要的基础资料。本文也对Tsunyidiscidae做了初步讨论,认为该科包括Tsunyidiscus,Hupeidiscus和Badiscus3个有效属。     

贵州镇远竹坪地区下寒武统三叶虫新材料

贵州镇远竹坪地区寒武纪时处于扬子区与江南区之间的过渡区。区内各组地层均产出代表性的三叶虫。描述了产于镇远竹坪地区下寒武统中的部分三叶虫。计有５属５种及２未定种：Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ（ｐｅｔｒｏｒａｄｌｉｃｈｉａ）ｍｕｒａｋａｍｉｉ;Ｒ．（Ｐ．）ｍｕｒａｋａｍｉｉ ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａ;Ｗｕｔｉｎｇａｓｐｉｓ ｓｐ．;Ａｎｔａｇｍｕｓ ｃｆ．ｍｅｒｕｓ;Ａ．ｄａｐｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ;Ｙｕｅｈｓｉｅｕｓｚｅ     

贵州地区寒武系层序地层学研究

研究了贵州地区寒武系露头剖面的层序地层学，在寒武系识别出了１０个层序边界，划分出了９个（三级）层序及２５个体系域。其中，寒武系的底界面和顶界面，以及中下塞武统间的较大沉积间断面为Ｉ类层序边界，其余为Ⅱ类层序边界。论述了该区的沉积演化史，指出金顶山期、高台期是同生断层剧烈活动的两个时间；牛蹄塘期的南方海域基本上是统一的；台地、台地斜坡、广海盆地三大沉积区的格局形成于金顶山期，加强于高台期。稳定、发育     

湘西花垣中寒武统具表面装饰的管状微体化石

对采自湘西花垣县排碧剖面中寒武统花桥组灰岩中具表面装饰的磷灰石质管状化石（Ornamented tubes）进行了研究,依据化石的壳面装饰特征,建立了3形态类型：Ornamented Tube Form Ⅰ,Ornamented Tube Form Ⅱ 和 Ornamented Tube Form Ⅲ。其中Ⅰ型壳体表面装饰有尖细的小刺,多数标本壳刺成行排列,行间存在宽约0.01～0.05 mm的间隔;Ⅱ 型管体表面具有零散稀疏而不规则分布的斑疹状壳饰,壳体微微向外弯曲的一侧具有一列粗壮的呈锯齿状排列的脊刺;Ⅲ型整个壳体表面布满圆形、卵圆形瘤状壳饰,壳饰中空,与壳体内腔相通,壳体微微向外弯曲的一侧具有一列粗壮的呈羽状排列的脊刺。从壳体形态、表面装饰特征分析,这类管状化石可能是节肢动物(如高肌虫类)生物体壳瓣上的前刺或背部的刺等管状硬体构造。     

扬子地区寒武系油气藏地质条件

中国扬子地区是一个元古代末形成的克拉通地区。将沉积学和构造地质学相结合,对扬子地区寒武系的油气地质条件进行了研究。研究结果表明,扬子地区寒武系是中国南方古生界最好的烃源岩发育层系之一,又具有较为理想的生储盖组合系列及油保存条件,是中国南方古生界油气勘探的重要目的层系。     

湘西黔东寒武系超大型沉积重晶石矿带研究进展

天柱—贡溪寒武系沉积重晶石矿带是世界最大的沉积型重晶石矿带,已探明资源量2.4亿吨。通过大量的文献资料分析整理,系统总结该矿带的研究现状,包括沉积特征、矿物学、矿床地球化学、矿床成因及成矿模式、成矿规律及成矿预测等方面。从矿床的沉积结构及矿物学特征、元素及同位素地球化学和沉积环境,探讨重晶石矿床热水及冷泉成矿可能性;根据成矿环境及成矿规律,预测该重晶石成矿带成矿远景区域。     

贵州地区寒武系层序地层学研究

研究了贵州地区寒武系露头剖面的层序地层学，在寒武系识别出了１０个层序边界，划分出了９个（三级）层序及２５个体系域，其中，寒武系的底界面和顶界面，以及中下寒武统间的较大沉积间断面为Ⅰ类层序边界，其余为Ⅱ类层序边界，论述了该区的沉积演化史，指出金顶山期、高台期是同生断层剧烈活动的两个时期；牛蹄塘期（及明心寺早期）的南方海域基本上是统一的；台地、台地斜坡、广海盆地三大沉积区的格局形成于金顶山期，加强于高台期，稳定、发育于中晚寒武世。止于寒武纪末期，该区的两个沉积模式：一为巨大的坡缓底平的海域沉积模式；为牛蹄塘组层序及明心寺组层序发育时期的沉积模式；二为台地－（台地）斜坡－（广海）盆地沉积模式，为寒武纪金顶山期后沉积模式，研究结果表明，贵州省有比云南梅树村地区下寒武统渔户村组更老的地层，其东南海槽可能是浅海。     

辽宁晚寒武世一些原始真牙形石的组织学研究

采用油浸法对辽宁本溪及复县晚寒武世的一些真牙形石分子的组织进行了研究.共对6个原始真牙形石种Proconodontus muelleri,Proconodontus tenuiserratus,Granatodontus ani,Rotundoconus tricarinatus,Teridontus nakamurai和Cordylodus Proavus的组织学特征进行了详细的描述.在最原始的真牙形石种Proconodontus tenuiserratus基体中发现了管状牙本质;在Proconodontus muelleri基体中识别出平行的层状组织、波层状组织;此外,分别在真牙形石种Granatodontus ani和Rotundoconus tricarinatus的基体中发现了管状牙本质和球状牙本质.发现Miller(Univ Kansas Paleontol Contr,1980,99:1-39)提出的Proconodontus谱系和Teridontus谱系的牙形石的组织特征基本相同.因而提出,真牙形石很有可能是单系起源的.     

贵州黔东南中,下寒武统凯里组下部Redlichia的发现及意义

本文描述了贵州黔东南中,下凯里组下部Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ的两个新亚各Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ及Ｒ．（Ｒ．）和一个未定种Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ（Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ）ｓｐ．,并讨论了Ｒｅｄｋｉｃｈｉａ在中下寒武统界线划分对比的作用及意义。     

湖南西部中寒武世形态变异海绵骨针化石

报道湖南西部王村剖面中寒武世灰岩中产出的海绵骨针化石组合。这些海绵骨针化石以二轴四射针、T型针、三轴五射针和五轴五射针为主。骨针形态完整,保存了轴管构造。描述了罕见的,形态变异性极大的(highlymodified)一个新属眩目海绵属Speciosuspongia,两个新种湖南眩目海绵Speciosuspongia hunanensis和王村眩目海绵Speciosuspongia wangcunensis。眩目海绵的主要特点为:两侧对称,硅质,五轴五射,中轴与一条针射重合,另外4条针射分为两对,与中轴重合的针射比其他4条针射粗大。其中,湖南眩目海绵Speciosuspongia hunanensis前射基部或整体膨大成骨板,这一变异体现了海绵骨针的典型变异形态自早寒武世向晚寒武世的过渡,具有重要的演化意义。     

湖南西部中寒武世形态变异海绵骨针化石

报道湖南西部王村剖面中寒武世灰岩中产出的海绵骨针化石组合。这些海绵骨针化石以二轴四射针、T型针、三轴五射针和五轴五射针为主。骨针形态完整,保存了轴管构造。描述了罕见的,形态变异性极大的(highlymodified)一个新属眩目海绵属Speciosuspongia,两个新种湖南眩目海绵Speciosuspongia hunanensis和王村眩目海绵Speciosuspongia wangcunensis。眩目海绵的主要特点为:两侧对称,硅质,五轴五射,中轴与一条针射重合,另外4条针射分为两对,与中轴重合的针射比其他4条针射粗大。其中,湖南眩目海绵Speciosuspongia hunanensis前射基部或整体膨大成骨板,这一变异体现了海绵骨针的典型变异形态自早寒武世向晚寒武世的过渡,具有重要的演化意义。     

Lower Cambrian yolk-pyramid embryos from Southern Shaanxi, China

TheCambrianexplosioniswidelyacceptedasthesuddenappearanceofnumerousbilateriananimalphylaatornearthebeginningofCambriantime[1,2 ] .The 5 30 million year oldMaotianshanShalefaunacontainstheoldestgoodwhole bodyfossilsofbilateri ans,documentinganincreasingnumberofpresent dayanimalphyla[3,4 ] orsubphyla[5] (evenincludingvertebrates[6～ 8] aswell)knownfromLowerCambri an .ThebeginningoftheCambrianperiodisdatedat5 43millionyearsago ,whenthefirstlargeandelabo ratefossilburrowstogetherwiththemicrosco…     

Developmental sequence of Cambrian embryo Markuelia

Based on more exquisitely preserved specimens of Markuelia hunanensis recently recovered from Middle and Upper Cambrian in western Hunan and in the light of Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomo-graphic microscopy, the developmental sequence from cleavage through organogenesis to the pre-hatching of Cambrian embryo Markuelia, especially the developmental sequence during the pre-hatching stage, i.e. from the earliest period when the scalids and tail spines only took shape to the latest period (just about hatching), is established. This developmental sequence provides a pattern of embryonic development during the pre-hatching stage, which has not been established in the living scalidophorans (priapulids, loriciferans and kinorhynchs). Thus, it not only enriches our knowledge on the embryonic development of the extant descendants of Markuelia, but also opens a new window to the evolution and development of the animal.     

Fossil embryos from the Middle and Late Cambrian period of Hunan, south China

Comparative embryology is integral to uncovering the pattern and process of metazoan phylogeny, but it relies on the assumption that life histories of living taxa are representative of their antecedents. Fossil embryos provide a crucial test of this assumption and, potentially, insight into the evolution of development, but because discoveries so far lack phylogenetic constraint, their significance is moot. Here we describe a collection of embryos from the Middle and Late Cambrian period (500 million years ago) of Hunan, south China, that preserves stages of development from cleavage to the pre-hatching embryo of a direct-developing animal comparable to living Scalidophora (phyla Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera). The latest-stage embryos show affinity to the Lower Cambrian embryo Markuelia, whose life-history strategy contrasts both with the primitive condition inferred for metazoan phyla and with many proposed hypotheses of affinity, all of which prescribe indirect development. Phylogenetic tests based on these embryological data suggest a stem Scalidophora affinity. These discoveries corroborate, rather than contradict, the predictions of comparative embryology, providing direct historical support for the view that the life-history strategies of living taxa are representative of their stem lineages.     

Stable isotopic geochemistry of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur from the Early Cambrian black shales in Northwestern Hunan, China

The early Cambrian black shale sequence in Northwestern Hunan Province has been investigated for its stable isotopic geochemistry of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur. The relatively low δ 13C values of organic matter, -29.7‰～-34.2‰, are interpreted as caused by the high CO2 concentration in atmosphere/ocean and an anoxic depositional environment in early Cambrian. Variable, but significantly positive δ 34S values, 10.2‰～ 28.2‰, for sedimentary pyrite reveals bacterial sulfate reduction as the pyrite-forming process but under sulfate-limited conditions. A protected anoxic basin, which had very limited access to open ocean, and its sediments, where metabolizable organic matter was rich and bioturbation was absent, are supposed to be the sulfate-limited environments and might have existed in South China in the early Cambrian.     

Speciation of the genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 (Trilobita) from the late Early Cambrian and its stratigraphic significance

The genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 is revised, and Halipanktos Balker & Peel, 1997 is suggested here as a senior synonym. The subgenus Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al. , 1974 is considered as a separate genus. Of the 20 previously assigned species of Arthricocephaius (Arthricocephalus) Bergeron, 1899, Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al. , 1974, Arthricocephalus (Euarthricocephalus) Ju, 1983 are lumped into eight species. The speciation trend of Arthricocephalus and Arthricocephalites is demonstrated based on their stratigraphic occurrences. It not only enhances the resolution of the biostatigraphic zonation in the uppermost Lower Cambrian, but also represents a potential candidate to define the Duyunian stage. The base of the stage is suggested at the first appearance datum (FAD) of Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899 within the evolutionary lineage from Ar. jiangkouensis Yin in Yin & Li, 1978 to Ar. chauveaui in a global scale.     

湘鄂—江南隆起区寒武系黑色页岩有机地球化学特征

我国南方页岩气藏发育的最有利区位于四川盆地、米仓山—大巴山前陆以及渝东、黔北、湘鄂—江南隆起北缘一线,寒武系地层普遍发育黑色泥页岩,这套黑色泥页岩是早寒武世早期全球性海平面上升时,在区域性深水滞留缺氧的陆棚到斜坡环境沉积的,具有单层厚度大、发育层位多、分布面积广、热演化程度高、后期改造强等特点,构成了中国南方页岩气发育的强大物质基础。以黑色碳质泥质岩类为重点,对其有机碳丰度、可溶沥青丰度与组成、干酪根特征等方面进行了较为系统的有机地球化学分析;结合有机质演化阶段,为页岩气藏的远景评价和地质勘探工作提供参考。