烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

中国林产工业的发展前景

21世纪前20年是中国林产工业“黄金发展期”和“矛盾凸显期”。持续强劲的国内外市场需求、城镇化的加速、房屋建筑业作为国民经济支柱产业作用日益明显、家具业趋向于全球化、纸业发展迅速等,给林产工业发展带来了巨大的潜力。中国发展林产工业要由大变强,必须应对众多挑战,如木材原料供不应求、企业规模小、技术水平低等。因此,中国林产工业必须加快原料基地化建设,转变经济增长方式,走循环经济的可持续发展之路;加强研发水平,提高自主创新能力;达到营销理性化,管理现代化和产品品牌化。     

太原旅游区位特点及气候因素分析

太原是一座具有2500年历史的古城，历史文化遗产众多，旅游资源丰富，但许多旅游资源还没有转化为旅游产品。太原市的旅游发展具有特殊的区位优势，主要表现在：可开发的客源市场充足；基础设施和环境条件日臻完善；地处山西省疆土的中央，以太原为中心2h-3h路程的“大太原”旅游格局逐渐形成，太原又位于北京与西安两大国际旅游城市连接线的中点，形成北京-山西-陕西旅游黄金通道，太原气候条件优越，文章利用温湿指数和风效指数计算分析了太原全年旅游气候舒适度，得到结论：可以开展旅游的天数可达270d，适宜旅游天数210d，适宜于旅游、休闲、渡假、疗养天数为180d。     

基于复数矩的商标图像检索方法

提出用图像复数矩与其它特征结合进行商标图像检索的方法,并给出了检索算法。实验结果证明,这是一种较好的方法,基本不会出现漏检索。     

弘扬福建精神 切实提高大学生思想政治素质

福建精神的提出,反映了社会主义先进文化的要求。福建精神的表述中爱国爱乡是灵魂;海纳百川是胸怀;乐善好施是美德;敢拼会赢是性格。福建精神的教育意义在于,爱国爱乡是科学发展的思想底蕴;海纳百川是美好人生的心理状态;乐善好施是和谐文化的生动体现;敢拼会赢是文化自觉的积极态度。因此,我们要培养大学生的爱国情怀,健康心理,感恩心态,创新精神。     

关于Williams级数收敛性的研究

本文研究一种有限平面边裂纹应力场的精确解,该解答是在收敛域内的级数表示形式,其表达式与Wiiliams 级数表达式完全等同。讨论了Williams级数的收敛性问题,获得了在有限边界特定载荷作用下Williams 级数解相应Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型边裂纹的收敛区域。提出了Williams 级数形式解并不满足整个有限弹性平面的概念,发现 Williams 级数的收敛域与裂纹长度有关。     

歌唱中的喉音问题及解决方法

喉音是由于声音失去呼吸支持、喉部紧缩、喉头提起或用力挤压舌根所造成。喉音对歌唱很有害：喉音生硬、沉重，缺乏音色变化，声音表现力弱。克服喉音的方法主要有打开喉咙和进行哼鸣训练。     

提高工科专业生产实习质量的探讨

生产实习是工科院校实践教学的重要环节。探讨了如何提高生产实习教学质量的问题措施:一是合理安排教学计划,二是建立稳定的实习基地,三是加强指导教师队伍建设,四是做好实习准备工作,五是教师指导与学生讨论相结合,六是规范考核方式。     

复杂网络输出同步

状态同步是复杂网络中一个重要的研究方向.然而,现实系统的状态经常是观测不到的,有时仅一部分状态能达到同步就能满足需要,无需所有的状态同步.因此,提出带有输出的复杂网络的新模型,此模型是原复杂网络模型的扩展,然后根据输出矩阵为奇异和非奇异矩阵的两种情况进行研究,给出了输出达到同步的几个充分条件,研究了状态不同步输出同步的稳定性条件.并举例说明在不满足状态同步的情况下,可实现输出同步.研究结果表明,复杂网络输出同步是非常有意义的.     

Remote sensing of spatial patterns of urban renewal using linear spectral mixture analysis: A case of central urban area of Shanghai (1997―2000)

It is very important to integrate remote sensing with urban geography that the spectral mixture analysis technique is applied to urban land cover evolvement and its eco-environmental effect. Urban land cover is mainly composed of complicated artificial materials, which is the key factor to limit the development of the spectral mixture analysis technique. There are two main aspects in which the technique of spectral mixture analysis is applied to urban geography： one is to calculate vegetation fraction; the other is to build quantitative model of the urban impervious surface obtained from the combination between high albedo fraction and low albedo fraction. The technique of spectral mixture analysis is firstly applied to study urban renewal pattern, scale and mode which happened in Shanghai City from 1997 to 2000,     

脉冲型地震动模拟与隔震桥墩性能的能量分析

用改进的三角函数方法来模拟近断层地震地面激励,对非线性隔震桥梁单墩模型进行了地震响应和能量分析.通过对波形、脉冲周期和峰值速度等地震动参数的调整来表征不同的脉冲效应,在前向、前后向和多环3种不同的脉冲渡作用下,隔震桥墩反应规律类似,以第3种冲击形式结构的响应值最大、输入结构的地震动能量最多.脉冲周期是决定地震动破坏能力的重要参数,通过定义累积滞回耗能比和瞬时耗散能量比,表明隔震支座有效耗能能力在短周期脉冲作用下较小,在长周期部分趋于稳定,而在中短周期部分单纯依靠隔震支座耗能不足以有效降低地震危害.通过引入瞬时输入能量概念,表明瞬时地震输入能量和结构地震响应密切相关,用瞬时输入能量来表征地震动强度是合适的指标.