高超声速飞行器自适应高阶终端滑模控制

针对高超声速飞行器的纵向运动模型,研究了飞行器输出跟踪控制问题,提出了一种将动态逆方法与高阶终端滑模控制相结合的鲁棒自适应控制方法.首先,利用反馈线性化方法对高超声速飞行器纵向模型输入输出线性化;通过设计具有全局鲁棒性的终端滑模面,提高系统的输出收敛速度;同时,采用自适应高阶滑模控制律,在不确定上界未知条件下对其进行自适应估计,从而实现控制器增益的实时在线调整,减少系统抖振;最后,基于Lyapunov理论证明了此控制策略可以保证闭环系统稳定.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器能够实现高超声速飞行器纵向爬升机动中速度和高度的稳定跟踪控制.     

吸气式高超声速飞行器纵向运动反演控制器设计

针对气动/推进/结构耦合的吸气式高超声速飞行器纵向平面飞行控制问题,提出了基于反演的鲁棒控制器设计方法.利用曲线拟合模型将控制系统表示为反馈形式,采用反演方法设计虚拟和实际控制器,并引入鲁棒微分器估计虚拟控制量的导数,解决了虚拟控制量求导运算复杂的问题.为增强控制器应对不确定项的鲁棒性,设计了超扭曲滑模干扰观测器,实现了对系统模型不确定项的估计和补偿.对吸气式高超声速飞行器一体化原理模型的速度和高度指令跟踪仿真表明,该控制器对拟合误差和外加干扰等系统不确定项具有鲁棒性,系统状态量能够在指令跟踪过程中趋于平衡状态,从而验证了所提方案的有效性.     

基于有限时间控制的高超声速飞行器控制律设计

针对高超声速飞行器的飞行控制问题,提出了一种基于有限时间控制技术的控制方法.根据高超声速飞行器纵向模型的特点,将高度控制和速度控制看作2个子系统分别设计控制器.采用非线性动态逆与有限时间控制技术相结合的方法,分别设计了速度控制器和高度控制器.速度控制器设计时考虑了发动机的动态,使得飞行速度在有限时间内收敛到给定值.飞行...     

基于非线性干扰观测器的二阶动态Terminal滑模在近空间飞行器控制中的应用

针对近空间飞行器飞行包络大、飞行速度快、气动参数变化剧烈、系统建模存在不确定性、受外界扰动大和控制精度要求高等特点,首先设计了基于二阶动态Terminal滑模的控制方案.Terminal滑模能在有限时间收敛的特性加快了系统跟踪速度;二阶动态滑模的引入,使得滑模面及其部分阶导数为零,并且得到在时间本质上连续的控制器,有效克服了传统滑模的抖振问题.然后采用非线性干扰观测器逼近复合干扰.根据复合干扰逼近值设计控制器补偿项,进一步提高控制精度和削弱抖振.基于李雅普诺夫理论,严格证明了系统稳定性.最后将所设计控制方案用于近空间飞行器姿态角跟踪仿真实验,仿真结果表明了该控制方案跟踪精度高、速度快、鲁棒性强,且有效去除了滑模的抖振.     

带有时变干扰的变结构近空间飞行器滑模控制

针对近空间飞行器在执行不同任务时因结构改变导致受到的复合干扰发生改变的现象,设计了一种能够同步切换的非线性干扰观测器,并基于该切换干扰观测器采用滑模控制策略设计了切换滑模控制器。之后,考虑实际存在执行器动态的情形,提出了一种新的基于执行器动态的切换滑模控制方法,利用共同Lyapunov函数方法证明了提出方法能够保证系统的所有信号在任意切换律作用下一致有界。仿真结果表明,所设计的切换非线性干扰观测器能够有效观测未知不连续复合干扰,提出的切换滑模控制方法能够满足变结构近空间飞行器的跟踪控制要求。     

高超声速飞行器的滑模预测控制方法

针对高超声速飞行器非线性、强耦合、快时变、不确定性等特点,结合滑模控制鲁棒性强和预测控制可以显式处理约束条件的优点,提出了一种滑模预测控制器设计方法。首先,在平衡点将高超声速飞行器的纵向模型进行小扰动线性化,得到用于控制器设计的预测模型;然后,基于小扰动模型利用极点配置设计渐近稳定的滑模面,对滑模面进行预测并在性能指标中优化,通过矩阵变换将优化问题转化为二次规划问题,避免了常规滑模控制的高频切换,有效地克服了抖振现象。仿真试验表明:当存在参数不确定时,滑模预测控制能有效地克服干扰信号,实现速度和高度的精确跟踪,保证输入和状态均在约束范围之内;稳态时系统误差趋近于滑动面并且一直处在这个滑模面上,不存在抖振现象。     

基于扰动观测器的高超飞行器建模及控制

提出了基于扰动观测器的高超声速飞行器控制器设计方法.针对高超声速飞行器的机体/发动机一体化设计布局、弹性轻质材料的广泛使用以及处于大高度和高马赫数的飞行条件的特点,建立了考虑推进及弹性影响的模型.在典型高超声速飞行器几何结构基础上,结合高超声速气动力学和气动弹性相关理论,建立了非线性纵向模型方程;分析模型不确定性的3种来源：参数、结构以及非结构,建立了非线性不确定模型;基于理论推导,采用基于扰动观测器的控制方法设计鲁棒控制器.仿真结果表明,本方法所设计的控制器在给定的不确定性范围内具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于非线性干扰观测器的直升机滑模反演控制

针对3自由度直升机俯仰控制系统,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器的滑模反演控制方法. 用一种非线性干扰观测器观测系统的不确定性和外界干扰,通过选择设计参数,可以使观测误差指数收敛. 对引入非线性干扰观测器后的系统采用滑模反演法设计控制器,控制律的设计保证了闭环系统的稳定性,从而达到对直升机俯仰系统跟踪控制的目的. 仿真结果表明,该方法能够较理想地观测干扰,减小控制器的输出,改善系统的控制性能.     

基于非仿射模型的高超声速飞行器预设性能控制器

针对高超声速飞行器非仿射模型提出预设性能控制方法,设计了一种新型预设性能函数来保证控制器的动态性能和稳态性能,通过构造误差转化函数将最初的受限系统转化为等效的不受限系统来简化控制器设计.将高超声速飞行器纵向动力学模型分解为速度和高度子系统并分别设计控制律.对于高度子系统,使用高阶跟踪微分器对误差进行估计,引入模糊函数对未知项进行逼近,避免了反演控制中的反复求导;对于速度子系统,直接根据预设性能函数设计比例积分控制器.所设计的控制律在参数不确定和干扰的情况下保证了期望的动态性能和稳态精度,同时降低了计算量.最后,通过仿真实验验证了控制器的有效性.      

高超声速再入滑翔飞行器的模糊变结构控制

针对高超声速再入滑翔飞行器的再入姿态控制,设计了模糊变结构姿态控制器.根据控制系统的任务,建立了面向控制的模型.将模糊控制与滑模变结构控制的思想相融合,研究了模糊滑模变结构控制器的设计方法.通过在稳定的误差相平面内构造稳定的滑模面,模糊控制器根据误差状态与滑模面的相对位置输出控制信号,使得系统的轨迹能趋近稳定的滑模面,从而使得误差沿着滑模面收敛到原点.将模糊滑模变结构控制方法应用于高超声速滑翔洲际飞行器,给出了再入滑翔姿态控制器的设计方案,分别对攻角、侧滑角和倾侧角设计了独立的模糊变结构控制器,提出了分段线性控制分配方法.在Matlab中进行了整个控制系统的仿真测试,验证了该方法的可行性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that