深水朵体沉积构型及其油气勘探意义

基于地震、测井、岩心及露头等资料,研究了深水朵体的外部形态、内部结构、物理性质及成因。取得3个方面的认识:①深水朵体受陆坡地形及物源供给的影响,发育单一朵体和多级朵体。受沉积厚度、岩性及地震分辨率的影响,孟加拉湾和尼日尔三角洲发育的朵体在地震上呈强振幅丘状反射,内部见分支水道或底超现象;白云凹陷发育的朵体在地震上呈强振幅平行亚平行反射。②深水朵体可划分为小层和层组、朵体单元、朵体以及朵体复合体4个级次。③深水朵体可进一步划分为近端朵体和远端朵体,近端朵体由分支水道复合席状砂组成,叠置的朵体单元构成的远端朵体主要由层状席状砂组成。     

块体搬运沉积体系地震地貌及沉积构型:以珠江口盆地和尼日尔三角洲盆地为例

基于珠江口盆地和尼日尔三角洲盆地的高分辨率三维地震资料和钻测井资料,对块体搬运沉积体系的沉积构型进行研究.研究结果表明:识别出陆坡滑塌形成的滑块体(Ⅰ)、水道壁滑塌形成的滑块体(Ⅱ)以及滑块体与碎屑流沉积物复合体(Ⅲ)3类块体搬运沉积体系.同一类块体搬运沉积体系的外部形态、内部结构、物理性质以及叠置样式具有一定相似性;Ⅰ类具有朵状几何外形,滑块体后部发育铲状滑塌槽.滑块体顺滑脱面滑动,并发生一定程度的旋转,内部具有铲式扇特征;Ⅱ类外部形态和内部结构与Ⅰ类的类似,但两者的分布区域、滑动方向及其所形成的滑塌槽走向差异较大;Ⅲ类具有较强的侵蚀能力,底部具有线性擦痕;其内部变形发育叠瓦逆冲构造,表面形态往往起伏不平.     

南海北部深水油气新认识

南海北部陆缘深水区由于陆缘地壳的强烈伸展减薄,形成了多个宽深断陷所构成的盆地群,发育多种类型烃源岩和大型储集砂体。大型盆地、广泛分布的多类型烃源岩、高-变地温场的耦合共控,奠定了深水油气资源的物质基础。大型供给水系、构造地貌、相对海平面升降的相互作用,形成3种类型的沉积体系,控制了深水区大型储集体的发育和展布,但高热流加速了深水沉积物压实和成岩作用。南海北部陆缘深水油气勘探前景广阔,烃源岩、有效储层以及热流3因素的复杂多变,决定了油气勘探中机遇与挑战并存。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7段深水沉积特征及沉积模式

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组深水沉积砂体的成因类型及沉积模式研究具有较大的争议,而且只用一种成因模式去解释深水沉积系统有一定的局限性。依据对鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7段的野外剖面的观测及部分岩芯观察,基于沉积学相标志分析,对盆地延长组长7段深水沉积砂体特征及沉积模式进行了详细研究,取得了以下认识:首先,划分了研究区深水沉积砂体成因类型,包括风暴岩、滑动岩、滑塌岩、砂质碎屑流沉积及浊流沉积,总结了各类型深水沉积体的识别标志;其次,将研究区深水沉积体系划分为水道化的风暴沉积体系和无水道发育的滑移-滑塌沉积体系;风暴沉积体系划分为水道化风暴岩、水道侧缘及风暴浊积岩朵叶体,为风暴侵蚀成因;滑移-滑塌体系可以分为滑动岩、滑塌岩、碎屑流舌状体、远源浊流沉积,为地震、火山或风暴活动触发三角洲前缘坡折带沉积物失稳滑塌形成。综合砂体成因类型和沉积模式,可以更加直观地研究湖盆深水区沉积物组合及分布规律,为湖盆深水区油气勘探提供理论支撑。     

南海北部超深水区兴宁凹陷古近纪沉积充填特征

探讨南海北部兴宁凹陷古近纪沉积充填特征,为超深水油气勘探提供基础地质依据。结合邻区研究成果,通过系统的地震层序地层学和地震相等综合分析,表明兴宁凹陷古近系文昌组、恩平组和珠海组之间均为不整合接触;古近系共识别出12个Ⅲ级层序。文昌组、恩平组为陆相湖盆沉积,具有缓坡带三角洲发育、缓坡浅水区滨浅湖发育、陡坡带扇三角洲发育及凹陷中心部位半深湖-深湖发育的特点;珠海组则为浅海三角洲沉积。总体的海侵沉积过程形成了恩平组湖相泥岩烃源岩与文昌组和珠海组砂岩储层的时空组合,指示研究区具有一定的油气勘探潜力。     

塔里木盆地志留系沉积体系及分布特征

根据现代沉积学和地层学理论,对塔里木盆地志留系大量的岩心、测井和地震资料进行了综合研究。结果表明,研究区志留系可划分成2个沉积层序,又可分为3个沉积体系：（1）发育较高成分和结构成熟度的冲洗层理和前积序列的滨岸沉积体系;（2）生物扰动构造发育的砂泥岩不等厚间互的滨外陆棚和斜坡沉积体系;（3）具平缓地势缺乏障壁岛的碎屑潮坪沉积体系。详细分析了这些沉积体系的岩性序列、沉积构造及粒度概率等沉积特征,建立了研究区碎屑海岸和碎屑潮坪沉积模式,确定了不同沉积相的平面分布规律。结果显示满加尔坳陷草1井区为盆地的沉积中心。根据该区积相与生储盖层之间的关系,探明了塔北南斜坡滨岸砂岩和塔中北斜坡砂坪砂岩是今后勘探的有利地区。     

茫汉断陷沉积体系研究

本文运用测井、岩性、地震资料对茫汉断陷九佛堂组和沙海组沉积体系特征进行了综合研究,建立了该区各种沉积体系的地震相模式和测井相模式,指出研究区断陷层发育四种沉积体系,分别为近岸水下扇、三角洲相、扇三角洲相和湖泊相。在单井相划分的基础上,分析了茫汉断陷九佛堂组和沙海组的沉积相平面展布特征,指出茫汉断陷不同构造上沉积体系存在差异。     

珠江口盆地文昌凹陷浅海陆架砂体沉积特征及油气勘探意义

针对珠江口盆地文昌凹陷新近系珠江组一段上部浅海环境下陆架砂体沉积特征认识不明确、岩性圈闭落实难度大等问题,在对区域地质、岩心、测井、地震及化验测试等资料综合分析的基础上,通过运用对比分析方法,首次系统研究了珠江口盆地文昌凹陷珠江组一段上部浅海陆架砂体沉积特征、展布特征并建立沉积演化模式,分析其沉积演化规律。结果表明,研究区珠江组一段上部主要发育滨外砂坝、潮流沙脊、风暴砂等三种成因陆架砂体,在粒度概率曲线、测井相、沉积构造等方面表现出明显不同的沉积特征。平面上滨外砂坝主要平行岸线分布,潮流沙脊垂直岸线展布,风暴砂规模小距离岸线较远。通过对研究区陆架砂体的沉积演化过程分析认为,浅海陆架砂体的沉积特征和空间分布受水动力条件和古地貌的综合控制,这对于在该区预测浅海陆架砂体分布并寻找岩性油气藏具有重要意义。     

南海珠江深水扇系统的沉积构造背景分析

从深水扇系统的观点出发,主要基于对最近所采集的穿越整个白云凹陷的700余公里长电缆深反射(深达14 s)地震资料综合解释,结合南海大洋钻探的成果,对南海珠江深水扇系统沉积的构造背景特征进行了综合分析.研究发现:白云主凹在早中新世-中中新世期间(即大约距今25～10 Ma)是一个因坳陷期盆地基底的持续沉降及其相关断裂活动而形成的南海北部陆缘上的斜坡内盆地;白云主凹这个"斜坡内盆地"有别于世界上其它位于被动大陆边缘背景中(如西非近海、巴西近海、墨西哥湾)的斜坡内盆地;海平面变化、沉积物通量变化、构造活动等地质营力都在斜坡内盆地的构造背景上对南海珠江深水扇系统在不同时期产生了不同程度的重要影响.简言之,斜坡内盆地成就了南海珠江深水扇系统.这为以后进一步全面深入研究南海珠江深水扇系统的形成机制、演化过程、结构特征等有着重要意义.     

南海珠江21Ma深水扇特征及控制因素

通过对珠江口盆地白云凹陷三维地震资料解释、钻井、测井及岩心资料的观察和描述,对21 Ma发育的深水扇特征、沉积模式及控制因素进行研究。结果表明:岩心上发育正递变层理、鲍马序列和滑塌变形等多种典型重力流构造,指示了沉积物为半深海环境下的重力流沉积;地震资料上可识别出水道、水道堤岸复合体、朵体等典型深水扇构型;21 Ma深水扇沉积模式为陆架边缘三角洲-峡谷-深水扇的沉积模式,是在珠江口盆地的构造格局、相对海平面变化、坡折带演化、断裂系统的形成及古珠江三角洲的物源供给能力等多种因素的控制和有效配置下形成的。     

南海深层水的来龙去脉

中国南海是一个半封闭、深海盆、多岛屿(海山)、多连通的边缘海,南海深层水十分活跃,更新时间快,具有典型的南海深层环流特征。综述了目前海洋学家对南海深层水的认知,厘清了南海深层水的来龙去脉,并阐述了南海深层环流的特色。     

Carbon isotopic record of foraminifers in surface sediments from the South China Sea and its significance

Since the 1990s, the papers and data involved withthe South China Sea (SCS) have been emerging in largenumbers in the world as people pay more attention to thepaleoceanography of the SCS. There have been more than100 cores mentioned in papers containing p…     

南海表面海温异常对南海季风影响的数值模拟

采用P-σ混合坐标系区域气候模式模拟了4－7月南海季风的爆发、演变过程，并进行了3组敏感性数值试验，研究南海表面海温异常对南海季风的影响，得到以下结论：（1）南海4月份海温异常对南海季风的爆发日期影响不大，但对季风爆发后的强度有所影响，异常增温造成南海季风增强，异常降温则南海季风减弱。（2）南海季风爆发和强度的变化与南海本身的海温变化情况有密切的关系，尤其是5月份南海海温异常。5月份南海异常增温可以使南海季风提前爆发，季风增强，南海海温异常降低时，南海季风爆发的时间推迟，季风减弱。（3）南海海温持续异常可以影响南海及中国大陆的高低空环流变化，海温持续异常增温可以使南海季风提前爆发，显地加强南海季风，并有利于南海季风向北推进，但当海温在6月份进一步持续增温时，则有利于季风维持在较南地区，阻碍季风向北发展；当海温持续异常降低时，南海季风推迟爆发，且明显减弱。     

南海深海塑料垃圾污染

渔业捕捞及商业航运活动的塑料排放是南海深海塑料污染的主要来源。南海深海微塑料污染始于20世纪80年代,具有明显陆源输入的特征,陆架近岸区域微塑料污染严重。陆坡深海峡谷是塑料/微塑料向深海盆地输运的主要通道,近底浊流在输运中发挥了重要作用。综述了南海海底塑料垃圾深潜研究的最新进展,首次提出了深海塑料垃圾生态系统的概念。     

Carbonate dissolution and deep-water paleoceanography of the South China Sea since the Middle Pleistocene

Based on the data of oxygen isotope, micropaleontology and paleomagnetism, we set up the detailed chronology of Core 17957-2 from the southern South China Sea and discuss the change of carbonate dissolution over the last 800 ka. Down-core variation of carbonate content records the “Pacific-type” cycle of higher glacial values and lower interglacial values, though the core lies above the modern lysocline. Carbonate dissolution indices indicate that several severe dissolution of CaCO₃happened during the transition from interglacial to glacial stages. Spectral analyses of these indices show that the carbonate dissolution periodicities are mainly made up of 500 ka and 100 ka. Compared with the cycles of carbonate dissolution of the Indian Ocean, the long-term (500-ka) periodicity reflects the characteristic of the deep-water circulation of the oceans.     

Recent progress of deep seismic experiments and studies of crustal structure in northern South China Sea

The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the largest marginal seas in the western Pacific. Its northern part has the features of a passive continental margin. The studies of deep crustal structure in this area are very important for understanding the tectonic nature, evolution history, basin formation of the northern margin, and the origin of the SCS. In the past decades, the deep seismic experiments of crustal studies in the northern SCS have gone through three stages, namely the sonobuoy, two-ship Expanding Spread Profile (ESP), and Ocean Bottom Hydrophone/Seismometer (OBH/OBS). Along the continental slope, the sonobuoy experiments provided useful information about the velocity structure of the upper crust, while the ESP data recorded for the first time the seismic signals from deep crustal structure and Moho interface. And the OBH/OBS profiles revealed the crustal structure in much greater detail. This paper first gives a brief historical review of these deep seismic experiments and studies, then a summary of the latest progress and important research results. The remaining problems and suggestions for further research work are presented as conclusive remarks.     

Geochemical characteristics of pore water in shallow sediments from Shenhu area of South China Sea and their significance for gas hydrate occurrence

The Shenhu area is one of the promise target areas for marine gas hydrate exploration in the northern margin of the South China Sea.Pore water samples were collected from two piston cores (8.75 and 8.52 m) in site HS-A and site HS-B in the Shenhu area,and their major anion and cation contents and trace element contents have been analyzed in this study.Cl- concentrations in pore waters are similar to the seawater value and no systematic change along depth profiles has been found for the Cl- content in both s...     

Distribution and identification of the low-velocity layer in the northern South China Sea

The low-velocity layer (LVL), closely related with tectonic activities and dynamic settings, has always been a hot topic in the deep crustal structure studies. The deep seismic (OBS/OBH) and onshore-offshore experiments have been extensively implemented in the northern South China Sea (SCS) since the 1990s. Six seismic profiles were finished on the northern margin of SCS by domestic and international cooperations. The features of crustal structures were revealed and five velocity-inversion layers were discovered. Among them three LVLs with 3.0—3.5 km?s^-1 velocity are located in the sedimentary structure (2.0—6.0 km in depth and 2.0—4.6 km in thickness) of the Yinggehai Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin. They were identified by the reflective and refractive phases for their shallow depth. The other two LVLs with 5.5—6.0 km?s^-1 velocity generally existed in the middle crust (7.0—18.0 km in depth) with an about 2.5—6.0 km thickness in the transitional crustal structure of the northeastern and northwestern SCS. They were detected by the refractive phase from their overlain and underlying layers. We explored the possible tectonic formation mechanisms combining with previously reported results, which provided evidence for the formation and evolution of SCS.     

Distribution and identification of the low-velocity layer in the northern South China Sea

The low-velocity layer (LVL), closely related with tectonic activities and dynamic settings, has always been a hot topic in the deep crustal structure studies. The deep seismic (OBS/OBH) and onshore-offshore experiments have been extensively implemented in the northern South China Sea (SCS) since the 1990s. Six seismic profiles were finished on the northern margin of SCS by domestic and international cooperations. The features of crustal structures were revealed and five velocity-inversion layers were discovered. Among them three LVLs with 3.0—3. 5 km·s-1 velocity are located in the sedimentary structure (2.0—6.0 km in depth and 2.0—4. 6 km in thickness) of the Yinggehai Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin. They were identified by the reflective and refractive phases for their shallow depth. The other two LVLs with 5.5—6.0 km·s-1 velocity generally existed in the middle crust (7.0—18.0 km in depth) with an about 2.5—6.0 km thickness in the transitional crustal structure of the northeastern and northwestern SCS. They were detected by the refractive phase from their overlain and underlying layers. We explored the possible tectonic formation mechanisms combining with previously reported results, which provided evidence for the formation and evolution of SCS.