超声波及微波提取豆粕中总黄酮的工艺优化

对超声波及微波提取异黄酮的工艺进行优化.超声波提取最佳条件:60%乙醇、60℃、功率400W、提取30min,微波法提取最佳条件:微波功率560W,料液比为1:30g/mL,微波处理4min溶剂浸提40min.结果表明,超声波及微波处理能有效缩短提取时间,提高提取率.     

微波与超声波提取绞股蓝总皂甙比较研究

以绞股蓝全草为原料,采用微波和超声波对绞股蓝总皂甙提取进行了对比研究,两种方法分别采用单因素实验及正交试验,探讨了优化提取条件和参数.结果表明:微波提取的优化工艺参数,料液比为1g:25mL,微波处理时间为11min,微波功率为400W,总皂甙提取率为7.59%;超声波提取的优化工艺参数,料液比为1g:25mL,提取温度为70℃,超声波处理时间为20min,超声波功率为400W,总皂甙提取率为8.01%.     

茶叶总黄酮类物质的微波辅助提取研究

采用微波辅助提取茶叶总黄酮类物质,通过单因素实验和正交实验,对影响微波辅助提取总黄酮提取率的因素进行探讨.结果表明:以80％乙醇为提取溶剂,最佳提取工艺条件为:A3B2C3,即微波功率648 W,微波提取时间为4 min,料液比为1∶45 (g/mL),测得茶叶总黄酮提取率为9.54 mg/g,各因素对总黄酮提取率的影响程度为提取功率＞提取时间＞料液比.     

超声波辅助提取银杏叶多糖工艺研究

以秋后银杏自然落叶为原料,以银杏叶多糖提取率为考察指标,采用超声波辅助提取法,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验设计对银杏叶多糖的提取工艺进行了优化.确定最佳工艺条件:蒸馏水为提取剂,温度控制在80℃,液料比25mL/g,超声时间45min,超声功率250W.在此工艺条件下,银杏叶多糖的提取率为5.8%.     

微波辅助法提取鸡腿菇多糖工艺研究

本研究以鸡腿菇为原料,采用微波辅助法提取多糖,初步考察了料液比、微波功率、微波辐射时间对鸡腿菇多糖提取率的影响。结果最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1:30、微波功率420W、微波辐射时间60s,在此工艺条件下提取率达到8.35%     

实验教学中超声波辅助乙醇法提取茶叶咖啡因研究

研究了超声波辅助乙醇提取法对茶叶中咖啡因提取的最佳方案.通过单因素和正交设计实验,绿茶在95%溶剂中经超声波预处理5min后,得到咖啡因提取最佳条件为20%超声功率比,70℃浸提温度,95%乙醇浓度,100mL溶剂用量和60min浸提时间,咖啡因的提取量最高每6g茶叶为99mg,提取率为82.5%.该法操作简单,无环境污染,提出产物纯度高,提取率高.所得最佳参数可应用于教学实验和工业化生产中.     

超声波辅助提取栝楼叶蛋白的最佳工艺条件

采用超声波辅助碱法提取栝楼叶蛋白.在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验得到了超声波辅助碱法提取栝楼叶蛋白的最佳工艺条件.在温度为55 ℃、pH值为10、超声时间为40 min、超声功率为150 W、料液比为1∶25（g∶mL）、NaCl的浓度为0.5 mol/L的最佳工艺条件下,叶蛋白提取率达到23.26%.     

微波辅助提取贡菊中黄酮类化合物的工艺研究

以黄酮类化合物的提取含量为评价指标,采用微波辅助提取法,通过正交试验研究微波辐射时间、微波功率、乙醇浓度及其料液比等因素对提取率的影响.结果表明:提取黄酮类化合物最佳工艺条件为:70%乙醇做溶剂,辐射功率480 W,料液比1 g: 75 mL,辐射时间20 s/次×6次.该工艺简单、提取时间短、提取率高.     

超声波辅助提取莴笋叶中黄酮类物质工艺的研究

在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验法,对超声波辅助提取莴笋叶中黄酮类物质的工艺进行了优化.确定其最佳提取工艺为:90%乙醇作为浸提剂,超声功率500 W,超声时间50 min,液料比4 mL/g.在此条件下,黄酮类物质的提取率为0.35%.     

半仿生及超声波辅助半仿生法提取杜仲叶黄酮

探讨半仿生法及超声波辅助半仿生法提取杜仲黄酮的实验条件.半仿生法考察提取温度、提取时间、料液比对黄酮提取率的影响.以半仿生法提取在超声波协同作用的基础上,采用正交试验、单因素考察超声时间、超声温度、料液比对黄酮提取率的影响.结果表明,半仿生法在提取时间1.5 h,提取温度60 ℃,料液比1∶20（g∶mL）时,黄酮提取率高达325.0 mg/g;超声波辅助法提取的最佳条件为时间50 min,温度65 ℃,料液比1∶40（g∶mL）,黄酮提取率为264.4 mg/g.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with