基于流态化技术硅粉直接氮化制备氮化硅粉

提出了一种基于流态化技术,利用硅粉直接氮化制备氮化硅粉的新工艺。在常温下,以氮气为载气,将硅粉快速流化并夹带离开供料装置,硅粉和氮气组成的气-固两相流进入到预热器中,预热后的混合物从底部进入到高温悬浮床的高温区,以稀相气力输送的方式连续穿过高温悬浮床,在高温常压下发生燃烧合成反应,最后在出口经冷却装置冷却后,由收集装置收集,得到氮化产物。借助SEM、XRD、元素分析和FTIR等方法分析了氮化产物的形貌、物相组成、化学成分以及价键结构。实验结果表明：对于平均粒径为2.7μm的硅粉,在反应温度为1653K, 反应时间为2.7min时,硅的转化率为53.4%,氮化产物为非晶氮化硅粉。通过理论预测,如果将反应温度升高至1723K,硅粉氮化7.1min后,其转化率可达99%。本文提出的方法可连续制备优质氮化硅粉,而且比现有的其他制备方法具有更高的生产效率。     

硅粉常压直接氮化过程的非催化气固反应模型

以平均粒径2.2μm、纯度99.99%的硅粉为原料,采用纯度99.993%的高纯氮气作为反应气体,在1350和1400℃下进行了氮化时间为10～30 min的氮化实验,得出了不同温度下硅粉转化率随反应时间的变化关系.将硅氮反应看成非催化气固反应,建立了硅颗粒氮化动力学模型.通过对实验数据的拟合,得出两个模型参数:硅氮反应速率常数和氮气在产物层中的扩散系数.假定反应速率常数和扩散系数均满足阿伦尼乌斯公式,求得化学反应激活能和指前因子分别为2.71×104J·mol-1和3.07×10-5m·s-1,扩散激活能和指前因子分别为1.06×105J·mol-1和1.12×10-9m2·s-1.利用本文得出的氮化动力学模型对各温度下不同粒径硅粉的转化曲线进行了预测,预测曲线与文献中的实验数据在趋势上吻合较好.     

硅粉常压直接氮化过程的非催化气固反应模型

以平均粒径2.2μm、纯度99.99%的硅粉为原料,采用纯度99.993%的高纯氮气作为反应气体,在1350和1400℃下进行了氮化时间为10～30 min 的氮化实验,得出了不同温度下硅粉转化率随反应时间的变化关系.将硅氮反应看成非催化气固反应,建立了硅颗粒氮化动力学模型.通过对实验数据的拟合,得出两个模型参数：硅氮反应速率常数和氮气在产物层中的扩散系数.假定反应速率常数和扩散系数均满足阿伦尼乌斯公式,求得化学反应激活能和指前因子分别为2.71×104 J·mol?1和3.07×10?5 m·s?1,扩散激活能和指前因子分别为1.06×105 J·mol?1和1.12×10?9 m2·s?1.利用本文得出的氮化动力学模型对各温度下不同粒径硅粉的转化曲线进行了预测,预测曲线与文献中的实验数据在趋势上吻合较好.     

氮化烧成后硅在刚玉氮化硅材料中的赋存形态

研究了不同温度氮化烧成后,硅在刚玉氮化硅材料中的赋存形态.结果表明:1300℃氮化后,硅的外层包裹着絮状的O'-Sialon;1400℃时,硅颗粒破裂且内部有氮化硅生成;1 500℃时,已没有残留硅保留下来,硅氮化生成了O'-Sialon和氮化硅;1 600℃时,硅氮化完全,其中的杂质相CaO,Fe2O3等富集在一起.     

锰球制备条件对氮化反应的影响

利用自制的密闭氮化系统研究不同制备条件的锰球的氮化反应.考察锰粉粒度、成球压力和黏结剂添加量对氮化反应的影响,并测量锰球氮化过程中实时增重和温度曲线.实验结果表明:锰粉粒度由16 ～40目变成60 ～ 80目时,球心温度到达峰值的时间由164 s缩短为101s,球心最大温升由147℃增至233℃,氮化1h的转化率由90.81％增至93.64％;成球压力由266 MPa增至443 MPa,球心峰值温度将提前89 s到达,球心最大温升将提高22℃,氮化1h的转化率由91.59％增至94.92％;黏结剂添加量由1 g增至3 g,氮化1h的转化率由92.90％降至89.80％;正态对数分布的概率密度函数可用来近似拟合转化速率与时间的关系.     

叠氮化钠联合卤化铵燃烧合成氮化硅粉体

采用叠氮化钠作为固态氮化剂,同时以卤化铵作为活性稀释剂,通过对燃烧温度特征曲线和燃烧产物相组成的分析,研究了两者的协同作用对于燃烧合成氮化硅粉体的影响. 研究结果表明:叠氮化钠和卤化铵的热分解可增加硅粉内部孔隙率和氮气渗透性,也能为Si-N反应提供内部氮源. 叠氮化钠和卤化铵均可作为Si-N反应的催化剂,可促进硅粉向氮化硅的氮化转变. 叠氮化钠联合卤化铵的使用能够有效地降低燃烧温度,使燃烧反应以低温模式进行,有利于α-Si3N4的生成. 随着反应物中叠氮化钠含量的增多,燃烧产物中α相氮化硅含量也相应地有所提高.     

反应烧结法制备BN/Si_3N_4复相陶瓷的结构和性能

采用在硅(Si)粉中添加硼(B)粉,利用反应烧结法制备氮化硼/氮化硅(BN/Si_3N_4)复相陶瓷,分别采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜对其相组成和断面形貌进行表征,并采用同轴法分析其介电性能.结果表明:成型压强的增加会导致样品氮化率下降;随着氮化温度的升高,样品氮化率增大;随着B添加量的增加,样品的氮化率先升高后降低.采用12 MPa成型且B添加量为10%(质量分数)时,经1 450℃氮化处理制得的陶瓷以β-Si_3N_4相为主,孔隙率为40.12%,在2~18GHz频率下,其介电常数为3.27~3.58,介电损耗角正切值为1.10×10~(-3)~1.12×10~(-2).B的加入有效地改善了Si_3N_4陶瓷的介电性能,有望应用于透波材料领域.     

氮化锰生产及结构分析

介绍了利用金属锰粉采用固态氮化法生产氮化锰合金的原理和工艺,采用正交设计法,在实验室管式炉内、高温条件下利用纯氮(≥99.99%)对金属锰粉进行氮化.通过一系列实验得出了适宜的技术工艺参数,锰粉粒度为0.6 mm,氮化时间为4 h,氮化温度为700 ℃时,获得了含氮高达6.94%的氮化锰合金.通过物相分析和扫描电镜形貌分析,得出含氮高的氮化锰主要成分是Mn3N2,其次是Mn4N;含氮低的氮化锰主要成分是Mn2N,其次是Mn4N.此外还观测了氮化锰合金的形貌.     

氮气中C-Si系材料的高温变化过程

以9组不同配料比的炭黑和单质硅为原料压制成试样, 在氮气气氛下,分别于1350,1400,1450,1500,1550℃下烧结,获得5个不同温度点合成样品: 采用XRD分析技术研究试样的物相演变过程, 研究C-Si系原料在氮气气氛合成过程中的物相变化和反应动力学机制.试验结果表明:试样在氮气气氛下合成,最终物相为SiC,α-Si3N4和β-Si3N4,硅含量高时还存在Si2N2O相,石英相和方石英相作为中间产物出现:氮化硅不仅可由单质硅氮化生成,还可由SiO2,Si2N2O与C还原氮化生成,α-Si3N4先于β-Si3N4生成,且温度升高会向β相转化,温度高于1500℃时,Si3N4会与残余的C反应生成SiC:合成温度和配料比是影响C-Si系原料合成产物的重要动力学因素.     

生物转化肉桂酸制L-苯丙氨酸

研究了利用粘红酵母中的L-苯丙氨酸解氨酶催化反式肉桂酸转化成L-苯丙氨酸的基本条件,包括底物浓度、pH值、反应温度、时间、表面活性剂对转化率的影响.结果表明,粘红酵母在底物浓度为1%,溶液的pH值为10.0,反应温度为30℃,时间为3 h时,反式肉桂酸的转化率达40.1%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that