膜孔灌溉单孔入渗Kostiakov模型建立与验证

以非饱和土壤水分运动理论为基础,研究膜孔灌单孔入渗土壤水分运动的数学模型,用SWMS-3D软件对多种典型土壤的单点膜孔入渗特性进行模拟.结果表明:单点膜孔的累积入渗量变化过程符合Kostiakov模型.提出包含膜孔直径、灌溉水深的单点膜孔Kostiakov入渗模型参数计算方法,采用多种土壤单点膜孔入渗室内试验结果与已有文献资料对所建模型进行验证,结果表明,所建模型能较准确地反映单点膜孔入渗特性,可为确定合理的膜孔灌灌水技术要素组合提供理论依据.     

膜孔灌溉田面水流运动特性试验研究

根据膜孔灌溉大田灌水试验资料，分析了膜孔灌溉田面水流动特性,研究了单宽流量和开孔率对田面水流推进及消退特性的影响，提出了膜孔灌溉田面水流推进曲线符合幂函数规律，水流消退曲线符合一元二次函数规律。该项成果为膜孔灌溉理论与技术的进一步研究遵了基础。     

聚芳酰胺多孔膜的制备及其介电性能研究

以间苯二胺和间苯二甲酰氯为单体,2-甲基吡啶为缚酸剂,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,用低温溶液缩聚法合成了间位聚芳酰胺（PMIA）;然后以乙醇为非溶剂,用非溶剂致相分离法成功制备了不同孔结构的聚芳酰胺多孔膜.采用核磁及红外等手段对所合成聚芳酰胺的结构进行了表征,考察了聚芳酰胺溶液浓度对多孔膜孔结构及介电性能的影响.结果表明:当聚芳酰胺的浓度为21%,17%和15%时,都可以得到孔结构规整的多孔膜,它们在1 MHz频率的介电常数分别为2.31,2.07和1.89,与聚芳酰胺标准膜的介电常数6.22相比分别降低了63%,67%和70%.      

铝合金阳极氧化膜的微观结构分析

使用透射电镜观察了铝合金阳极氧化膜的微观结构 ,发现了阳极氧化膜的阻挡层与多孔层以及独特的六角形胞孔结构 ,氧化膜胞孔的孔道沿氧化膜表面向铝合金基体方向呈收缩趋势 ,这与阳极氧化过程中电压升高对多孔结构生长的影响有关 .结合阳极氧化膜生长环境以及氧化膜的生长模型 ,探讨了氧化膜多孔结构的生长方式 .     

预处理对PAA膜制备的影响

利用两步阳极氧化法制备多孔氧化铝膜,以膜的孔直径、孔密度和膜厚等作为膜质量指标,探讨预处理膜制备的影响;利用扫描电镜,X—射线衍射观察不同条件下氧化膜的微观结构。结果表明:经过高温退火和电化学抛光等预处理,能够得到质量较高的膜,孔直径为55~60 nm,孔间距为90~95 nm,膜厚度为8.5~9μm,孔密度高达1.28×1010个/cm2。     

利用具有离子选择性的纳米通道实现浓度梯度差发电

利用纳米多孔阳极氧化铝膜的纳米孔阵列,实现了浓度梯度差发电.通过纳米孔阵列两侧浓度梯度差的改变,分析了输出功率与浓度梯度差的关系,并报道了短路电流和开路电压随时间的演化规律.基于纳米孔与输运离子的静电相互作用原理,我们发现平均孔径约25 nm的纳米多孔阳极氧化铝膜对离子输运具有选择透过性.进一步,通过引入纳米颗粒对纳米多孔阳极氧化铝膜进行修饰,输出功率提高了近18倍,而且纳米孔阵列的离子选择性发生变化.我们初步认为这可能与纳米颗粒与纳米孔阵列的复合结构的离子选择性相关.     

死端型微滤膜的污染机理分析

研究使用死端型微滤去除金枪鱼脾脏提取物中悬浮大颗粒过程中的膜污染机理.膜孔堵塞阻力以及膜表面滤饼层阻力.膜孔堵塞是引起膜通量降低的主要污染机理.而膜表面的滤饼层则决定微滤过程的持续时间.改变膜孔径和透膜压力可影响不同膜污染机理间的转化,从而改变了不同污染机理的持续时间.微滤前离心和预过滤去除了金枪鱼脾脏提取物中的部分悬浮颗粒,改变了其中颗粒尺寸分布从而影响了微滤过程中污染机制.观察发现,颗粒尺寸分布是膜污染机制中较重要的因素.     

套管型气隙式膜蒸馏组件性能模拟及优化

提出了一种结构简单、制作方便的套管型气隙式膜蒸馏组件,给出了膜组件的特性方程组,编制了膜组件性能模拟软件,对套管内直径、中空纤维疏水膜内直径、膜孔直径、膜孔隙率、料液流量、料液进膜组件温度6个关键参数对膜组件性能的影响进行了分析.以某热敏料液浓缩为背景,给出了膜组件的优化设计参数:中空纤维疏水膜内直径为0.700 mm,外直径为1.00 mm,套管内直径为5.00 mm,外直径为6.00 mm,长度为500 mm,膜孔直径为0.300μm,膜孔隙率为0.800,膜组件壳体内直径为50.0 mm.在此设计参数下,当膜组件料液流量为70.0 g/s、被预热液流量为70.0 g/s、料液进膜组件温度为80.0℃、被预热液进膜组件温度为50.0℃时,膜组件膜通量为11.2 kg/(m~2·h),产水速率为3.56 kg/h,热负荷为2.39 kW,热效率为0.955,非挥发性组分截留率可达99.9%.     

钛表面制备多孔氧化膜的研究

以硫酸和磷酸为电解液,工业纯钛为阳极,不锈钢为阴极,恒电流阳极氧化的方式在钛表面直接获得TiO2多孔氧化膜,经过500℃热处理,促进氧化膜由非晶体向晶体的转变.采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对阳极氧化膜的形貌和结构进行了分析,研究了电流密度、电解液种类以及浓度对TiO2多孔氧化膜形态和晶型的影响,并探讨了其形成机理.结果表明,以磷酸为电解液时钛表面仅生成锐钛矿相的TiO2,而以硫酸为电解液时钛表面生成锐钛矿和金红石两种晶相的TiO2.     

膜微孔形态对静态膜吸收的影响

本文选用了10种具有不同膜结构的板式膜，并以CO₂-去离子水或0.1M NaOH溶液为实验体系，进行了静态膜吸收实验。实验研究了对于不同微孔形态的膜（拉伸孔膜，指状孔膜），膜孔隙率和膜厚度对膜吸收过程传质性能的影响。实验结果表明，不同膜的微孔形态不改变膜厚度及孔隙率对膜吸收传质性能的影响结果。本文最后通过分析拉伸孔膜表面特征，指出了基于指状孔假设的孔隙率影响膜吸收模型也适应于该类型膜。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the