Modes of variation in alcohol dehydrogenase inDrosophila melanogaster

Zusammenfassung Neben zwei elektrophoretisch verschiedenen Varianten derDrosophila-Alkoholdehydrogenase kommen innerhalb dieser Varianten weitere Variationen vor, die sich in ihrer spezifischen Aktivität und Temperaturempfindlichkeit unterscheiden. Es wird daraus geschlossen, dass der Grad des Polymorphismus von Populationen grösser sei, als aufgrund elektrophoretischer Untersuchungen geschätzt wird.     

Genetic variation at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus inDrosophila melanogaster: A third ubiquitous allele

Summary A 3rd allele at theAdh locus,Adh ^FCh.D., has been found at polymorphic frequencies in natural populations ofD. melanogaster. The ADH-FChD enzyme has properties distinct from those of the 2 more common forms of ADH. TheAdh polymorphism should now be analyzed as a triallelic system.     

Effect of intercalating mutagens on crossing-over inDrosophila melanogaster females

Summary In order to evaluate the effect of several intercalating compounds on crossing-over inDrosophila melanogaster females, acridine orange, acriflavine, chloroquine, ethidium bromide and quinacrine were fed separately to larvae ofy ct f/+++ genotype. Our results show that acridine orange, acriflavine and ethidium bromide increase significantly the recombination frequency at thect-f region and support the view that, for intercalating agents, there is a relationship between clastogenic activity and female recombination induction.     

Effect of mitomycin-C on the development of the eye-disks inDrosophila melanogaster

Résumé L'incorporation de l'acétamide-³H et de la thymidine-³H aux disques de l'il a été expérimentée chezDrosophila melanogaster. Ces 2 substances radioactives ont été nettement incorporées dans les disques, mais le traitement avec la mitomycine-C a fait décroître le nombre des grains.     

Influence of anaesthesia by carbon dioxide and ether on locomotor activity inDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Locomotor activity of Drosophila melanogaster was investigated in 2 recently caught unrelated wild stocks. It is strongly affected by anaesthesia with either carbon dioxide or ether. Both anaesthetics had opposite effects. Ether produces a longlasting decrease in activity. Carbondioxide causes an increase, of locomotor activity, but smaller and of shorter duration than the effect of ether.     

The effect of X-rays and EMS on the behavior of the transposing element,TE98, inDrosophila melanogaster

Summary The sensitivity of TE98 (carryingw ^+R andrst ⁺) to X-rays does not differ significantly from the mutability ofcurled andkarmoisin loci. In addition no spontaneous mutants of TE98 were recovered, indicating its extreme stability. On the effect of EMS nowhite mutants were found supporting the view that thew ⁺ gene of TE98 is duplicated.     

Influence of the feeding conditions on competition betweenDrosophila melanogaster andDrosophila simulans for their oviposition site

Summary Under low feeding conditions, the number of eggs laid by the femaleDrosophila melanogaster or the femaleDrosophila simulans is frequency dependent: it increases simultaneously with the increase of the frequency of the species to which the female belongs. This result could be explained by the role of scents in the choice of the oviposition site inDrosophila.     

A thymidine-induced sex-linked,sex-limited temperature-sensitive lethal and the significance of modifier genes inDrosophila melanogaster

Zusammenfassung BeiDrosophila melanogaster wurde ein temperaturabhängiger Letalfaktor gefunden. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Manifestation wird mit dem Vorhandensein von Modifikationsgenen erklärt.     

Mating patterns of virgin and inseminatedDrosophila melanogaster of different alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genotypes

Summary Female choice mating experiments showed virgin femaleD. melanogaster of the 3Adh genotypes chose heterozygous (Adh ^F /Adh ^S ) males most commonly. Inseminated females chose mates randomly, but the likelihood of a female remating was genotypically dependent.Acknowledgment. Financial support was provided by the Australian Research Grants Commitee.     

On the teratogenic effect of thymidine and its suppression by deoxycytidine inDrosophila melanogaster

Zusammenfassung Thymidin-Zusatz im Nährboden erweist sich beiDrosophila melanogaster also mutagen und teratogen. Bei Zusatz von Deoxycytidin wird der teratogene Effekt zumindest teilweise aufgehoben. Auf die mutagene Wirkung des Thymidins hat Deoxycytidin jedoch keinen Einfluss.

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The author is thankful toD. Sperlich for guidance and friendly discussions.     

Mating patterns of virgin and inseminated Drosophila melanogaster of different alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genotypes

Female choice mating experiments showed virgin female D.melanogaster of the 3 Adh genotypes chose heterozygous (AdhF/AdhS) males most commonly. Inseminated females chose mates randomly, but the likelihood of a female remating was genotypically dependent.     

Studies on the viability of the cadaver kidney: Influence of ischemia and perfusing solutions on succinic dehydrogenase activity in homogenates

Zusammenfassung Succinase-Dehydrogenase-Aktivität, als praktischer Index für die Lebensfähigkeit von Nierenrinden-Homogenaten wurde in der Warburgapparatur mit der Mikrowaage gemessen. Verlängerte Wärme-Ischämie vermindert die Fähigkeit der Sauerstoffverwertung und setzt die Lebensfähigkeit herab.

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The authors are indebted to ProfessorL. E. Gelin for his guidance and Mrs.Inger Svensson for her assistance.     

Abnormalities of the eye pigments (pteridins and ommochromes) induced inDrosophila melanogaster by the inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase 4-hydroxypyrazolo (3,4 d) pyrimidine

Riassunto Quando ceppi dei mutantise ecl diD. melanogaster sono fatti crescere su terreni contenenti l'inibitore della xantino-deidrogenasi 4-idrossipirazolo (3,4 d) pirimidina, si osserva una perdita parziale dei pigmenti dell'occhio: tale perdita riguarda non soltanto i pigmenti pteridinici rossi (drosopterine), fenomeno questo già descritto, bensì anche i pigmenti pteridinici gialli (sepiapterine) nonchè i pigmenti ommocromici dell'occhio.

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This research was supported by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome (Italy).     

Testing of LSD-25 and related compounds for possible effects on egg-laying capacity and egg-to-adult viability inDrosophila

Résumé On a injecté du LSD-25, de l'acide bromolysergique-diéthylamide et de l'acided-lysergique à desDrosophila pseudoobscura au troisième stade larvaire. Le LSD-25 n'affecte ni leur capacité de ponte, lorsqu'elles sont adultes, ni la viabilité (rapport numérique adultes/ufs) de leur progéniture. En revanche, la capacité de ponte est réduite tant par l'acide lysergique que par l'acide bromolysergique-diéthylamide, et ce dernier altère en outre la viabilité.     

Accumulation of drastic mutants in selection lines for resistance to the insecticides dichlorvos and malathion inDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Viability tests were performed on second and third chromosomes from lines ofDrosophila melanogaster selected for increased resistance to the organophosphorus insecticides dichlorvos and malathion, in order to evaluate the accumulation of drastic alleles. Our results show that malathion reduces significantly the relative viability of chromosome 3 and also increases the frequency of drastic alleles in this chromosome, while dichlorvos increases significnatly the frequency of drastic alleles in chromosome 2.Work supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Grant No. 0577/84 CAICYT).—We are grateful to Productos Cruz Verde S.A. and Agrocrós S.A. for generously supplying the insecticides dichlorvos and malathion, respectively.     

Effect of cold acclimatization on the succinic dehydrogenase activity in the liver and brain tissues of mice

Résumé L'activité du déshydrogénase succinique dans le foie des souris mâles adultes acclimatisés pendant 7–12 jours à + 5°C est augmentée de 72%. L'activité du même enzyme dans le cerveau n'est pas altérée par cette acclimatisation au froid.