信号肽对木聚糖酶在马克斯克鲁维酵母中分泌表达的影响

马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)是一种新型的非常规酵母,具有生长快、分泌能力强、安全性高等优势.在酵母表达系统中,分泌信号肽不仅介导了外源蛋白沿着正确途径分泌到胞外,也在蛋白质翻译后加工等方面发挥了重要作用.本文分别研究了酿酒酵母α-Factor信号肽和克鲁维酵母菊粉酶信号肽对耐热木聚糖酶在马克斯克鲁维酵母中的分泌表达影响.工程菌摇瓶发酵72h后,在含有菊粉酶信号肽和α-Factor信号肽的工程菌株的发酵上清中,木聚糖酶酶活分别为318.91U/mL和117.90U/mL,表明马克斯克鲁维酵母表达木聚糖酶时,菊粉酶信号肽介导的蛋白分泌表达效果优于α-Factor信号肽.重组表达木聚糖酶最适反应条件是pH5.5和65℃,在75℃处理1h后,该酶的剩余酶活保留73%以上.在5L发酵罐中,重组菌高密度发酵72h,木聚糖酶酶活高达157 757U/mL,结果表明,马克斯克鲁维酵母表达系统在工业酶领域中应用具有非常广阔的前景.     

CSFV E2蛋白主要抗原区域在马克斯克鲁维酵母中的表达及小鼠免疫

猪瘟是一种由猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)引起的高度接触传染性和致死性疾病.疫苗预防接种是控制猪瘟病毒传播的重要措施,目前我国使用的弱毒疫苗均为1.1亚型猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株.随着病毒的不断变异,2.1亚型猪瘟病毒已经逐渐成为我国的主要流行毒株.本研究利用马克斯克鲁维酵母研究了2.1b型CSFV E2蛋白及其截短体mE2(690-916aa)在马克斯克鲁维酵母中的重组表达,发现去除E2蛋白跨膜区域可以显著提高E2蛋白表达水平,mE2的表达量在5L发酵罐中达1.25～2.5g/L.经分子筛纯化,mE2蛋白纯度达90%.纯化的mE2作为抗原蛋白,注射免疫小鼠28d后,可诱导小鼠产生抗CSFV的IgG特异性抗体,表明马克斯克鲁维酵母重组表达的mE2蛋白具有较好的免疫原性.     

一种针对马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)的无痕基因组改造方法

马克斯克鲁维酵母位于酵母科克鲁维属,具有高分泌能力、高生长速率、多底物利用以及耐高温等特点,具有工业应用前景.因此,建立马克斯克鲁维酵母的基因工程改造技术十分重要.本文以马克斯克鲁维酵母URA3基因缺陷菌株为出发菌株,依据同源重组原理,选用KmURA3作为可循环使用的筛选标签基因,建立了一种针对马克斯克鲁维酵母的无残留多基因敲除技术,以满足其遗传工程改造的需求.本研究利用这种技术成功构建了Kmhis3Δ、Kmura3Δhis3Δ、Kmura3Δade2Δ、Kmura3Δhis3Δade2Δ、Kmhis3Δade2Δ等5株营养缺陷型菌株,为马克斯克鲁维酵母的分子遗传学研究以及工业应用研究提供了遗传材料.     

克鲁维酵母中外切菊粉酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达研究

用PCR的方法从克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)ATCC12424中克隆出外切菊粉酶基因.将该基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM905C、pHBM906上,构建了外切菊粉酶毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM1200、pHBM1201.将两者转化毕赤酵母GS115,得到重组菌株GS115(pHBM1200)、GS115(pHBM1201),将这两种重组菌株进行摇瓶发酵,测得带α-信号肽的菌株GS115(pHBM1200)表达的外切菊粉酶最高酶活为89.43 U/mL,带自身信号肽的菌株GS115(pHBM1201)表达的外切菊粉酶最高酶活为14.828 U/mL.SDS-PAGE电泳表明,外切菊粉酶的表观分子量为90 kD.将外切菊粉酶用去糖基化酶endoH处理后,SDS-PAGE电泳表明,分子量为60 kD,和预计的分子量一致.     

玉米赤霉烯酮降解酶在马克斯克鲁维酵母中的表达及高产菌株的诱变筛选

玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEN)是镰刀菌属霉菌产生的一种霉菌毒素,常见于霉变的玉米、小麦等谷物中.研究发现,来源于粉红黏帚霉(Gliocladium roseum)的α/β水解酶ZHD101能够断裂ZEN的内酯键,破坏ZEN的毒性.本文利用食品安全级的马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)重组分泌表达了ZHD101,发酵液上清中的表达产物具有水解ZEN的活性.利用UV和~(60)Co-γ联合诱变方法,提高了ZHD101在马克斯克鲁维酵母中的表达水平.高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析表明,重组菌株分泌表达的ZHD101酶蛋白既能水解标准品ZEN,又能在较温和的条件下水解发霉玉米样本中的ZEN,结果表明该重组菌株表达的玉米赤霉烯酮降解酶ZHD101,可应用于发霉玉米的脱毒处理.     

内切菊粉酶基因在毕赤酵母中的高水平表达研究

低聚果糖(Fructooligosaccharides,FOS)具有改善胃肠道环境、刺激和加强机体免疫反应、抑制肠道特定肿瘤的发生等生物活性.内切菊粉酶能够水解菊粉获得低聚果糖.为了实现内切菊粉酶的高表达,从无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum ATCC16882)中克隆了内切菊粉酶编码基因INU2,并实现了在毕赤氏酵母中的重组分泌表达,摇瓶表达的酶活力为570.4U/mL.去除内切菊粉酶的内源性信号肽序列后,其重组表达水平显著提高,摇瓶表达的酶活力为1013.8U/mL,提高幅度77.7%.TLC分析表明:毕赤酵母重组表达的内切菊粉酶(不含内源性信号肽序列)能将2%长链菊粉水解为2～3个聚合度的低聚果糖.     

纳豆激酶基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

构建pPICZαA-NK重组质粒，并转化入E.coli TOP-10中，得到转纳豆激酶基因工程菌，提取重组质粒经单酶切，双酶切，PCR分析及序列测定，证明克隆到载体pPICZαA上的外源基因即为纳豆激酶基因，将重组质粒pPICZαA-NK线性化后，分别转化毕赤酵母GS115与KM71，在含Zeocin^TM的选择性YEPD平板筛选到重组酵母，经检测重组酵母发酵上清液中具纳豆激酶溶纤活性，SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明外源蛋白的表达量占菌体蛋白的10%左右。     

菊粉酶高活力菌株的筛选和发酵条件的研究

从101林酵母中筛选出一株高菊粉酶活力的菌株克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces sp.)y-85,该菌株菊粉酶的合成受木糖或菊粉的诱导,产酶适宜的培养基组成(％)为:菊芋抽提液7.0,尿素2.0,玉米浆3.0,产酶的最适温度和pH分别为30℃和5～6,在这些条件下,摇瓶培养24h,该菌株产生的酶活力可达1403u/ml。     

HAC1基因过表达对重组人CTLA-4蛋白在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的影响

重组人细胞毒性T细胞相关抗原(Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Antigen 4,CTLA-4)是一类重要的基因工程药物,其在毕赤酵母中表达水平偏低使其一直无法广泛应用于临床治疗.而影响毕赤酵母中的外源蛋白分泌表达的因素,主要为内质网中的折叠速率以及不可折叠蛋白积累造成的胞内胁迫压力.本文通过在毕赤酵母细胞中过表达HAC1基因对毕赤酵母细胞中未折叠蛋白反应(Unfolded Protein Response,UPR)的信号通路进行调控,从而改善了CTLA-4蛋白的表达水平.摇瓶中改造菌株M-HAC1发酵上清液中该蛋白的分泌表达量是原始菌株表达量的2.55倍.     

克鲁维酵母(K.hubeiensis)产菊粉酶的发酵参数研究

菊粉酶(inulinase)是一种降解菊糖B-2,1-D-果聚糖果糖苷键生成果糖或低聚果糖的水解酶.本研究在筛选菊粉酶高产菌株基础上,对产酶能力较强的l株湖北克鲁维酵母(Kluyvreromyces hubeiensis)的发酵产酶参数进行了优化;结果表明,该菌株在菊糖3%,蛋白胨3%,pH 5.0,30～37℃摇床培...     

Construction and function of recombinant AcMNPV with double copies of v-cath gene

Two recombinant baculoviruses, dciAcMNPV and dcdAcMNPV in which another copy of the v-cath gene controlled by ie1 promoter and polh promoter was inserted, were respectively constructed by the Bac-to-Bac system. The expression of the v-cath gene of the recombinant baculoviruses in Sf9 cells at different phases was investigated by SDS- PAGE and Western blot. The results showed that only recombinant virus dciAcMNPV containing late gene v-cath driven by early gene promoter could express V-CATH protein, cathepsin encoded by virus genome, 12 h post-infection and dcdAcMNPV containing late gene v-cath driven by late and very late gene promoters could express more V-CATH protein. Negative control ncAcMNPV, a mutant deleted v- cath gene, could not express V-CATH protein at all. The Spodopera exigua larvae were infected with viruses respectively and the results showed that the toxicity was as follows: dcdAcMNPV>dciAcMNPV>wtAcMNPV>ncAcMNPV. The toxicity of recombinant viruses and the characters of dead larvae showed that the v-cath gene was relative to viral toxicity and host liquefaction. Recombinant baculovirus dcdAcMNPV might be used as a new kind of safe viral-pes- ticide, because of its high toxicity obtained by adding another gene copy and changing the expression level of its own gene relative to virulence.     

具全期启动子盒的杆状病毒高效表达载体的组建与应用

通过ＰＣＲ扩增，得到苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＡｕｔｏｇｒａｐｈａｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉｃａＮｕｃｌｅａｒＰｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓＶｉｒｕｓ，ＡｃＮＰＶ）具早晚期启动子元件的ｐ３５基因启动子，将其插入到杆状病毒转移载体质粒ｐＳＸＩＶＶＩ＋Ｘ３多克隆位点上游，使之与ｐＳＸＩＶＶＩ＋Ｘ３质粒中的人工合成后期启动子（ＰＳｙｎ）、多角体ＸＩＶ启动子（ＰＸＩＶ）串联构成早期、晚期、极晚期能持续启动外源基因表达的转移载体质粒ｐＳＸ３５．将ｐＳＸ３５用于组建含ＨＢｓＡｇ基因并形成多角体的重组ＴｎＮＰＶ，ＨＢ－ｓＡｇ基因的表达量显著提高，表达时间亦明显提前，从而实现了外源基因在杆状病毒表达系统的全期、高效表达．ｍＲＮＡ引物延伸试验结果显示，Ｐｐ３５在重组病毒中可产生２套转录本，分别于病毒感染的早期和晚期起始ＨＢｓＡｇ基因的表达．     

Construction and function of recombinant AcMNPV with double copies of v-cath gene

Two recombinant baculoviruses, dciAcMNPV and dcdAcMNPV in which another copy of the v-cath gene controlled by ie1 promoter and polh promoter was inserted, were respectively constructed by the Bac-to-Bac system. The expression of the v-cath gene of the recombinant baculoviruses in Sf9 cells at different phases was investigated by SDSPAGE and Western blot. The results showed that only recombinant virus dciAcMNPV containing late gene v-cath driven by early gene promoter could express V-CATH protein, cathepsin encoded by virus genome, 12 h post-infection and dcdAcMNPV containing late gene v-cath driven by late and very late gene promoters could express more V-CATH protein. Negative control ncAcMNPV, a mutant deleted vcath gene, could not express V-CATH protein at all. The Spodopera exigua larvae were infected with viruses respectively and the results showed that the toxicity was as follows: dcdAcMNPV>dciAcMNPV>wtAcMNPV>ncAcMNPV. The toxicity of recombinant viruses and the characters of dead larvae showed that the v -cath gene was relative to viral toxicity and host liquefaction. Recombinant baculovirus dcdAcMNPV might be used as a new kind of safe viral-pesticide, because of its high toxicity obtained by adding another gene copy and changing the expression level of its own gene relative to virulence.     

木糖对马克斯克鲁维酵母菊糖酶合成的诱导作用

马克斯克鲁维酵母可利用木糖、菊糖等多种碳源。利用木糖为碳源时菊糖酶产量最高,酶活力可达30．4U／mg菌体（干重）,菊糖次之;利用葡萄糖、乳糖等酶活力均很低。用洗涤菌体进行诱导试验也表明,木糖能诱导该酵母菌菊糖酶的合成,蛋白质合成抑制剂环已亚胺可抑制木糖对该 酶的诱导作用。在以木糖为碳源的生长培养基中添加葡萄糖能明显地阻遏菊糖酶的形成。试验结果表明,该菌株菊糖酶的合成受诱导和分解产物阻遏机制的双重调节,木糖是酵母菊糖酶合成的一种良好的天然诱导剂。     

Specific anti-tumor effect induced by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing extracellular region of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

The purposes of this research were to study the stable expression of exogenous gene encoding therapeutic protein in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, observe the metabolism of oral gene vaccine carried by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium in BALB/c mouse, and investigate the feasibility of prevention and treatment of tumors by the recombinant bacteria. Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7) was transformed into competent attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 to develop oral DNA vaccine SL3261-pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7). To observe whether the exogenous gene can be expressed in the recombinant bacteria, PCR was performed to amplify the CMV promoter of the eukaryotic expression vector as the proof of stable expression of exogenous protein; transmission elec- tron microscopy (TEM) was applied to observe the morphology of the recombinant bacteria to confirm that the exogenous gene has no impact on the growth of the bacteria, and then BALB/c mice were immunized with the gene vaccine. After inoculation of the gene vaccine, the recombinant bacteria SL3261 could be detected in the tissues such as small intestine, colon, liver and spleen. And then, mice in each group were challenged with tumor cells. The results of animal experiment showed that tumor growth of the mice in experimental group was inhibited and survival time of immunized mice was prolonged compared with control groups. A higher lymphocyte infiltration in tumors from animals treated with DNA vaccine was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples revealed an en- hanced accumulation of CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as an increase in CD4 cells in the tumors of animals treated with the oral gene vaccine compared to tumors from control group mice. Ultrastructure of the tumor tissue showed that tumor cells in the samples of the immunized mice were well-differentiated. Our research confirmed that the exogenous gene can be stably expressed in the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and has no impact on the growth of the recombinant bacteria; the exogenous gene can de delivered to the host by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to produce anti-tumor effect with no obvious cytotoxity to the host. In this study, it is established that attenuated Salmonella typhimurium could be used as a vector for oral gene vaccine, and our study provided a theoretical basis for the body distribution and the metabolism of the recombinant bacteria. This strategy may provide a simple, safe and effective way for the prevention and treatment of tumors.