用于增强抗肿瘤功效的共载紫杉醇和基因的壳聚糖衍生物载体

本研究对壳聚糖进行亲水修饰、疏水修饰,制得两亲性壳聚糖衍生物(OTC),再用叶酸(FA)修饰OTC得到FOTC.用此FOTC共载难溶性抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇(PTX)和SurvivinshRNA表达质粒(iSur-pDNA)得到FOTC/PTX/pDNA纳米复合物.体外抗肿瘤试验结果表明:与OTC/PTX/pDNA纳米复合物相比,FOTC/PTX/pDNA纳米复合物可提高pDNA释放速率,降低PTX释放速率,显著提高细胞摄取量,提高体外转染效率,增强肿瘤细胞增殖抑制能力.联合给药肿瘤细胞增殖抑制能力强于单独给药.体内抗肿瘤试验结果表明:联合给药可协同增强抗肿瘤作用,FA修饰可增强其主动靶向能力.因此,FOTC有望作为紫杉醇和基因联合给药的递送载体.     

甲壳三糖-g-壳聚糖/累托石纳米复合材料作为基因载体的研究

本文合成了甲壳三糖-g-壳聚糖（TCS），并与累托石插层复合制备纳米复合材料，采用XRD和TEM对其进行了表征。粒径分析结果表明，两种分子量的TCS与pDNA复合物的粒径大小都在75nm左右，而累托石加入后，其粒径都不同程度的增加，最大达到191nm。在PBS中的聚集动力学及琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验发现，高分子量TCS /pDNA复合物较低分子量复合物稳定，而累托石的加入降低了其稳定性。体外转染实验初步表明，甲壳三糖-g-壳聚糖/累托石-DNA复合物能介入肝癌细胞中并表达荧光。该纳米复合材料可作为潜在的非病毒基因载体。     

纳米谷氨酸壳聚糖制备及其体外质粒转染研究

采用表面修饰方法制备出谷氨酸修饰的壳聚糖纳米基因载体。对样品进行红外分析、粒度分析、zeta电位分析、生物相容性、凝胶阻滞分析、DNA保护性试验、体外细胞转染研究。结果显示所制得的谷氨酸修饰的壳聚糖纳米颗粒平均粒径为170nm,其zeta电位为 4.7mV。红外分析显示谷氨酸已通过酰胺键结合在壳聚糖上。MTT实验结果显示纳米颗粒与细胞有良好的生物相容性。凝胶阻滞分析和DNA保护试验结果表明纳米载体可与DNA通过电性结合作用而结合,并可以有效保护DNA,防止核酸酶对其的降解作用。而体外细胞转染的结果表明,谷氨酸修饰的纳米粒能介导pEGFP-N1质粒转染HepG2细胞并在细胞中表达绿色荧光蛋白。因此,谷氨酸修饰的壳聚糖纳米颗粒可作为一种新型非病毒基因载体介导核酸类生物大分子进入细胞内。     

构建HMGB1/PEI非病毒载体介导高效基因传递的研究

 研究了以聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）为骨架复合高迁移率族蛋白 B1 (HMGB1 )的复合型载体HMGB1/PEI的性能,以期提高非病毒基因载体的转染效率。透射电镜观察pDNA/HMGB1/PEI复合物粒子形态呈球形;动态光散射法测定粒径与表面电位,结果显示复合HMGB1后,复合物粒径降低,且随HMGB1加入量的增大表面电位有增大的趋势;凝胶电泳阻滞试验表明HMGB1可协助PEI与pDNA结合;MTT试验结果显示HMGB1/PEI复合载体的细胞毒性低于PEI;HMGB1/PEI复合载体的转染率较PEI的转染率增大2.9~4.0倍,且HMGB1可以弱化血清对转染的阻碍作用。所以HMGB1被证实能有效提高PEI的体外转染效率。     

新型纳米复合材料作为非病毒基因载体的研究

为了制备理想的非病毒基因载体,合成了甲壳三糖-g-壳聚糖(TCS),并与钙基累托石(REC)插层复合制备纳米复合材料,采用X射线衍射和透射电镜方法对产物进行了表征,考察了其细胞相容性,将REC、TCS和纳米复合材料分别与质粒DNA复合形成复合物,并考察了其体外基因转染效果.结果表明:TCS、REC及纳米复合材料的细胞相容性良好,当N/P比为3时,TCS/DNA复合物粒径大小都在75 nm左右,REC加入后,其粒径不同程度地增大,最大达到191 nm;相对分子质量高的TCS所得DNA复合物较相对分子质量低的TCS所得DNA复合物稳定,而REC的加入降低了TCS/DNA复合物的稳定性;TCS/REC-DNA复合物能介入肝癌细胞中并表达荧光.说明该纳米复合材料可作为潜在的非病毒基因载体.     

复合环境离子强度对BDCP/DNA的粒径与转染效率的影响

为了探讨组装环境对基因载体/DN复合物的粒径和转染效果的影响,在三种不同离子浓度溶液体系(PBS, 5% 葡萄糖溶液, H₂O)中测量BDCP（biodegradable cationic polymer,一种生物可降解的阳离子聚合物）/DNA复合物粒径和结合力,进行了体外转染试验和毒性试验.结果显示,PBS最适合组装转染复合物,可取得更好的稳定性、最高的转染效率和较低细胞毒性、低溶血率;在5%葡萄糖溶液和水中组装的BDCP/质粒复合物结合力较弱,转染效率比较低.得出结论,BDCP/DNA粒径、结合力和基因转染效率受组装体系的离子强度影响.     

一种新颖的阳离子非病毒基因载体 Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH 的性能研究

研究了新型阳离子聚合物Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH的性能，重点考察其粒度，基因转染效率与细胞毒性，探讨了其作为基因载体的可能性.通过动态光散射仪（DSL）、透射电镜（TEM）观察了Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH与DNA自组装形成的颗粒形态及粒径，Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH可复合DNA形成粒径160～210 nm的纳米复合物，适合进入细胞.使用MTT比色法分析Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH的毒性并与PEI，PEI-g-PEG-OH比较.选用增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP) 转染Hela细胞，应用流式细胞术检测转染效率.新型阳离子多聚物Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH在提高基因转染效率的同时降低了其细胞毒性，有望成为基因转移的有效载体.     

牛磺酸修饰巯基化壳聚糖季铵盐载体的合成及其体外shTNF-α pDNA递送效果

本研究合成了牛磺酸修饰壳聚糖季铵盐(TT)和牛磺酸修饰巯基化壳聚糖季铵盐(TTC)聚合物,再利用TT和TTC包载沉默肿瘤坏死因子-α表达的质粒编码短发夹RNA(shTNF-αpDNA),形成TT-shTNF-αpDNA和TTC-shTNF-αpDNA纳米粒,研究了两种纳米粒理化性质、体外摄取和体外基因沉默效果.结果表明:TT-shTNF-αpDNA和TTC-shTNF-αpDNA粒径在180～305nm之间,电势在12～20mV之间,分散性良好;TTC-shTNF-αpDNA pH稳定性能优于TT-shTNF-αpDNA;TT-shTNF-αpDNA和TTC-shTNF-αpDNA均先突释后缓释;TT-shTNF-αpDNA和TTC-shTNF-αpDNA均可显著提高pDNA细胞摄取,TTC-shTNF-αpDNA细胞摄取量显著高于TT-shTNF-αpDNA;TT-shTNF-αpDNA和TTC-shTNF-αpDNA均以能量依赖方式入胞,通过巨胞饮和小窝蛋白介导的途径入胞,TTC-shTNF-αpDNA会通过网格蛋白介导的内吞途径入胞,TT-shTNF-αpDNA则不通过此途径入胞...     

壳聚糖与胶原或海藻酸复合物海绵的制备以及人胎儿皮肤成纤维细胞在其中的生长

壳聚糖与胶原或海藻酸形成高分子离子复合物后,采用浇铸/冷冻干燥技术,制备了壳聚糖复合物海绵.表征不同组成复合物海绵的亲水性和形貌,发现加入胶原或海藻酸可增加海绵的吸水性和保水性,并有助于在海绵中形成大孔结构.海绵在pH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液中用溶菌酶进行体外降解,复合物海绵的降解速率比单纯的壳聚糖海绵稍快.在海绵中进行人胎儿皮肤成纤维细胞的培养,发现细胞在复合物海绵中的生长增殖优于单纯的壳聚糖海绵,而且复合物海绵不会像单纯胶原海绵那样在细胞培养过程中发生降解收缩.此结果有望成为较理想的组织工程支架.     

高分子聚合物对两种细胞转染效率的研究

比较纳米材料和阳离子多聚物转染试剂携带增强绿色荧光蛋白基因对C2C12细胞和DF-1细胞的转染效率,筛选适合的基因载体。采用Entranster TM-D纳米材料和3种阳离子多聚物(Superfect、Fect、Neofect)转染试剂介导p CDH-EGFP-puro质粒分别转染C2C12细胞和DF-1细胞,24 h后用实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测系统检测转染细胞中增强绿色荧光蛋白基因的mRNA表达水平,48 h后观察并计数阳性细胞率。结果发现4种试剂分别转染的两种细胞中均有增强绿色荧光蛋白基因的表达。C2C12细胞用阳离子多聚物转染的效率略高于纳米材料转染,其中Superfect的转染效率可达到30%;DF-1细胞用纳米材料和阳离子多聚物转染的效率都高,其中Fect的转染效率达到50%。因此,阳离子多聚物Superfect用于C2C12细胞的体外转染,Fect转染试剂用于DF-1细胞的体外转染,都表现出较高效的转染效率     

Enhancement of transfection efficiency for HeLa cells via incorporating arginine moiety into chitosan

Arginine-rich peptides have attracted considerable attention due to their distinct internalization mechanism. It was reported that arginine and guanidino moieties were able to translocate through cell membranes and played a critical role in the process of membrane permeation. In this work, arginine was conjugated to the backbone of chitosan to form a novel chitosan derivative, arginine modified chitosan (Arg-CS). Arg-CS/DNA complexes were prepared according to the method of coacervation process. The physicochemical properties of Arg-CS and Arg-CS/DNA complexes were characterized and the transfection activity and efficiency mediated by Arg-CS/DNA complexes were investigated taking HeLa cells as target cells. Arg-CS was characterized by FTIR and 13C NMR. Arg-CS/DNA polye- lectrolyte complexes were investigated by agarose gel retardation, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results revealed that the Arg-CS/DNA complexes started to form at N/P ratio of 2:1, and the size of particles varied from 100 to 180 nm. The cytotoxicity of Arg-CS and their complexes with plasmid DNA were determined by MTT assay for HeLa cells, and the results suggested that Arg-CS/DNA complexes were slightly less toxic than Arg-CS. Moreover, the derivative alone and their complexes showed significantly lower toxicity than PEI and PEI/DNA complexes, respectively. Taking HeLa cells as target cells and using pGL3-control as reporter gene, the luciferase expression mediated by Arg-CS was greatly enhanced to about 100 folds compared with the luciferase expression mediated by chitosan at different pH media. These results suggest that Arg-CS is a promising candi- date as a safe and efficient vector for gene delivery and transfection.     

Enhancement of transfection efficiency for HeLa cells via incorporating arsinine moiety into chitosan

Arginine-rich peptides have attracted considerable attention due to their distinct internalization mechanism. It was reported that arginine and guanidino moieties were able to translocate through cell membranes and played a critical role in the process of membrane permeation. In this work, arginine was conjugated to the backbone of chitosan to form a novel chitosan derivative, arginine modified chitosan （Arg-CS）. Arg-CS/DNA complexes were prepared according to the method of coacervation process. The physicochemical properties of Arg-CS and Arg-CS/DNA complexes were characterized and the transfection activity and efficiency mediated by Arg-CS/DNA complexes were investigated taking HeLa cells as target cells. Arg-CS was characterized by FTIR and ^13C NMR. Arg-CS/DNA polyelectrolyte complexes were investigated by agarose gel retardation, dynamic light scattering （DLS） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The results revealed that the Arg-CS/DNA complexes started to form at N/P ratio of 2：1, and the size of particles varied from 100 to 180 nm. The cytotoxicity of Arg-CS and their complexes with plasmid DNA were determined by MTT assay for HeLa cells, and the results suggested that Arg-CS/DNA complexes were slightly less toxic than Arg-CS. Moreover, the derivative alone and their complexes showed significantly lower toxicity than PEI and PEI/DNA complexes, respectively. Taking HeLa cells as target cells and using pGL3-control as reporter gene, the luciferase expression mediated by Arg-CS was greatly enhanced to about 100 folds compared with the luciferase expression mediated by chitosan at different pH media. These results suggest that Arg-CS is a promising candidate as a safe and efficient vector for gene delivery and transfection.     

靶向多肽功能化阳离子聚合物携载ZNF580质粒对内皮细胞增殖的影响

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法制备了以多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)为骨架的POSS-(PDMAEMA)₈(PPD)星型阳离子聚合物,通过巯基-双键化学反应,将特异性靶向EA.hy926内皮细胞的CREDVW多肽键接在PPD阳离子聚合物末端,得到POSS-(PDMAEMA)₈-PPEGMA-CREDVW(PPD-CREDVW)阳离子聚合物.在n(N)/n(P)=5时,PPD-CREDVW阳离子聚合物携载pEGFP-ZNF580(pDNA)质粒自组装形成粒径为125.67±3.31nm、zeta电位为10.64±1.65 mV的PPD-CREDVW/pDNA基因复合胶束.细胞实验结果显示:与PPD/pDNA基因复合胶束相比,PPD-CREDVW/pDNA基因复合胶束携载基因能力强、细胞毒性低、易被细胞摄取,能够显著提高EA.hy926内皮细胞的转染,促进细胞的增殖.     

Restoration of rat calvarial defects by poly（lactide-co-glycolide）/ hydroxyapatite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells and DNA complexes

A composite construct comprising of a bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheet, plasmid DNA, encoding human bone morphogenic protein-2 (hBMP-2), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) sponge was designed and employed in the restoration of rat calvarial defects. To improve gene transfection efficiency, a cationic chitosan derivative, N,N,N,-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), was employed as the vector. The TMC/DNA complexes had a transfection efficiency of 13% in rat BMSCs, resulting in heterogeneous hBMP-2 expression in a 10-d culture period in vitro. In vivo culture of the composite constructs was performed by implantation into rat full-thickness calvarial defects, using constructs lacking pDNA-hBMP-2 or BMSC sheets as controls. Significantly higher heterogeneous expression of hBMP-2 was detected in vivo at 2 weeks for the cell sheet/DNA complex/scaffold constructs, compared with the constructs lacking pDNA-hBMP-2 or BMSC sheets. New bone formation was evident as early as 4 weeks in the experimental constructs. At 8 weeks, partial bridging of calvarial defects was observed in the experimental constructs, which was significantly better than the constructs lacking pDNA-hBMP-2 or BMSC sheets. Therefore, the combination of the PLGA/HA scaffold with BMSC sheets and gene therapy vectors is effective at enhancing bone formation.     

季铵化壳聚糖微球的制备及其对酸性媒介黑PV的吸附性能研究

本文采用反相悬浮交联法制备了壳聚糖微球,并以3-氯-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵为改性剂在微球上引入了季铵盐基团．考察了改性后的微球对染料酸性媒介黑PV（PV）的吸附性能．实验结果表明季铵化壳聚糖微球对偶氮染料PV有较好的吸附能力．实验条件下,最大平衡吸附量为1759mg／g,等温吸附很好地符合Langmuir等温方程,表明为单分子层吸附．吸附量受染料初始浓度、温度和溶液pH等因素影响．负载染料的微球容易洗脱,洗脱再生后的微球可重复使用．     

叶酸修饰pH响应壳聚糖衍生物胶束的制备及性能表征

制备了叶酸（FA）、胆固醇琥珀酸单酯（CHS）共修饰的羟丙基壳聚糖衍生物（CHS-HPCHS-FA）,该衍生物在水中能够自组装形成粒径为200~400nm的胶束。研究了疏水片段CHS的取代度对胶束的临界胶束浓度、粒径、载药及释药性能的影响,分析了胶束pH响应控释药物的机理,结果表明,疏水片段取代度高的产物,其临界胶束浓度较低,形成的胶束粒径较小,载药效率较高。体外溶出结果显示,载药胶束在pH5.5条件下释药速率明显比pH7.4条件下更快,体现了pH响应控释药物的效果。体外细胞毒性实验结果表明,胶束的生物相容性较好,且叶酸修饰的载药胶束可增强肿瘤细胞的摄取,细胞毒性明显增大。     

聚乙二醇-聚乙烯亚胺负载超顺磁纳米Fe3O4的合成及其基因转染应用

采用单甲基醚聚乙二醇改性聚乙烯亚胺,得到水溶性接枝共聚物聚乙二醇接枝支化聚乙烯亚胺(mPEG-g-PEI),并利用离子交换法制备了PEG-PEI-SPIO. 同时,还合成了mal-PEG-COOH,并用其制备了多功能负载SPIO的抗体-聚乙二醇-聚乙烯亚胺. 负载SPIO的抗体-聚乙二醇-聚乙烯亚胺与pDNA复合后形成的复合物粒径约为105 nm,体外实验结果显示T细胞能特异性的吸收抗体-聚乙二醇-聚乙烯亚胺负载的SPIO,靶向组在基因转染实验中有较好的效果,可用磁共振手段进行实时无创观测.