褐煤烟气预干燥发电系统变工况特性的仿真研究

针对褐煤烟气预干燥发电系统的变工况特性建立了全厂机炉耦合仿真模型,在设计工况下校核了模型的精度。对比发现:烟气预干燥可使600 MW机组的发电效率绝对值提高1.56%,发电标准煤耗率降低9.58g·(kW·h)-1。在不同的发电功率和褐煤预干燥程度下仿真了系统的变工况特性,分析了锅炉主要运行参数和机组发电标准煤耗率的变化规律,结果表明:发电标准煤耗率随发电功率的下降而上升;在不同的发电功率下,预干燥程度对锅炉运行参数和发电标准煤耗率影响显著,随着预干燥程度的减小,理论燃烧温度下降,高温炉烟抽取率下降,锅炉排烟温度上升,锅炉效率下降,发电标准煤耗率上升。     

300MW机组工业供热改造分析

本文依据热用户用汽流量及用汽参数,对3个不同抽汽点(三段抽汽、再热热段和再热冷段)抽汽方案以及不同抽汽点组合抽汽方案进行分析。分析结果表明,再热热段和再热冷段抽汽后减温减压供给热用户的方案在满足热用户需求的情况下,具有更高的经济性。供热改造经济性分析表明,在50%THA工况下,全年平均降低机组煤耗16.82g/kW·h。     

采用蒸汽喷射器的低负荷给水加热系统变工况性能研究

为了解决低负荷运行时燃煤发电机组脱硝效果差及热经济性低的问题,以某660 MW超临界机组为研究对象,基于GSE仿真平台搭建锅炉汽轮机耦合模型。在此模型基础上,提出以屏式过热器出口蒸汽引射汽轮机1级抽汽,通过蒸汽喷射器的混合蒸汽作为新增0号高压加热器的汽源以加热给水,并嵌入蒸汽喷射器性能模型,计算得到了不同的喷射器引射比对脱硝效率、机组热经济性以及变工况性能的影响。研究表明:设计负荷为50%负荷时,最佳设计引射比为0.56(对应的设计给水温升为30℃),此时系统节煤0.52g·(kW·h)-1,脱硝效率提高13.29%;综合考虑喷射器的运行稳定性和机组的热经济性,建议优化后的系统在45%~90%负荷范围内运行,此时可获得较佳的节能减排效果。     

二次再热机组热力系统的定量分析方法

针对超临界二次再热机组的二级再热器，高、低压加热器采用回热抽汽均设外置蒸汽冷却器的方式进行过热度跨级利用的特点，利用等效热降理论，经过严格的理论分析和数学推导得出了二次再热机组抽汽等效热降、抽汽效率和抽汽吸热量变化的通用计算模型，给出了此类机组热力系统的经济性定量分析法则，形成了一套完整的经济性定量诊断计算模型．利用该模型只需要3个计算公式即可以方便、快捷、准确地计算出当热力系统发生局部调整和变化时机组的经济性指标的变化，并为此类机组热力系统的经济性定量分析提供了一种简捷、准确的方法，拓展了等效热降理论．通过实例计算验证了本文计算模型的可行性和准确性．     

褐煤烟气预干燥发电系统的节能潜力分析——煤种和机组冷端形式的影响

为考查褐煤烟气预干燥发电系统的节能适应性,采用理论分析方法,对燃用伊敏、大雁、五间房、白音化4种褐煤的1 000MW空冷、湿冷机组的节能潜力进行定量分析,获得了不同褐煤烟气预干燥发电系统形式下发电标准煤耗率降低量的定量结论。计算结果表明:褐煤的水分含量越高,系统的节能潜力越大;在不回收乏气热能或仅回收乏气热能预热锅炉送风时,空冷机组节能潜力略大于湿冷机组;湿冷机组用冷凝水进一步回收乏气热能,其节能潜力超过空冷机组。     

利用有机朗肯循环系统回收30t/h燃煤锅炉烟气余热的热经济性评估

设备选择和经济性评估对有机朗肯循环系统(ORC)热力性、经济性和环境影响至关重要。文中以R123为工质,以某厂30t/h蒸发量锅炉烟气余热回收利用作为案例,对ORC系统回收利用烟气余热进行了设备及热经济性计算分析,给出了具体设备热经济计算结果,锅炉烟道中换热管束的布置形式和尺寸。结果表明,系统单位装机容量成本为23 800元/kW,单位发电成本为0.285元/kW·h,投资回收年限为5.58年,净输出功为91.5kW,发电功率为88.5kW。考虑主要设备及运行维护费用,系统总投资约合人民币345万元。     

槽式太阳能集热与燃煤热发电的高效集成

为了研究槽式太阳能集热与燃煤热发电的高效集成方法,基于槽式太阳能集热器的最佳运行条件,建立300 MW燃煤机组与太阳能集热的混合发电系统,理论分析混合发电工况下机组的热力学性能和热经济性.结果表明,太阳能辐射强度为600 W/m2时,槽式集热器的最佳运行温度为306.55℃;300 MW燃煤发电机组中,离开槽式集热器的热水直接与回热器的热水混合时,太阳能热水与进入3#回热器的热水混合是槽式集热器与燃煤发电机组集成的最佳方案,此时太阳能热发电效率达到23.60%,节省煤耗5.53 g/(kW.h).     

海带结热泵干燥特性及数学模型研究

采用双蒸发器常闭式热泵干燥技术,以海带结为物料,试验研究其在不同设定干燥温度(35,40,45,50℃)和装载密度(8.29,32.29,42.71 kg·m~(-3))条件下的干燥特性及水分比变化规律,并对试验数据进行拟合,得到其干燥数学模型.结果表明:干燥温度为35～50℃时,随着设定干燥温度的提高,单位除湿能耗比先增加后减少,而干燥时间先减少后增加;装载密度为8.29～42.71 kg·m~(-3)时,装载密度越大,干燥时间越长,单位除湿能耗比越大;在试验条件范围内,设定干燥温度为45℃、装载密度为32.29 kg·m~(-3),是海带结最佳干燥工艺参数,此时单位除湿能耗比为1.625 kg·(kW·h)~(-1),干燥时间为260 min,Page模型的预测值与试验结果基本吻合,可用其预测海带结热泵干燥特性及水分比随时间的变化规律.     

300MW一次再热亚临界燃煤发电站系统改进研究

在传统300MW一次再热亚临界燃煤发电站的空气预热器中,烟气与空气的换热温差大,导致了较大的损失,并且硫酸蒸汽易在冷端凝结使受热面产生低温腐蚀和堵灰的问题。此外,在回热系统中,汽轮机的抽汽与凝结水在换热时,回热加热器热端处的传热温差大,抽汽的过热度难以利用。针对传统电站的上述不足,提出了一种新型电站设计方案,并对其进行了热力学分析和技术经济性分析。在改进电站中,烟气凝结水预热器(flue gas-condensate preheater,FGCP)替换了传统电站中的空气预热器,省煤器后的烟气全部被用来加热部分凝结水,空气和其余凝结水则由汽轮机的抽汽进行加热,同时,增加1股高压抽汽用于保证热空气达到设计的温度要求。研究结果表明:保持FGCP中凝结水和烟气的热容流率相等,可以消除常规电站内空气预热器中的温差夹点,锅炉排烟温度降至103℃而不会产生低温腐蚀和堵灰;将空气加热器与回热加热器串联布置,优先利用了抽汽的过热热来加热空气,减小了蒸汽和凝结水的传热温差;改进电站的发电效率和净发电效率分别达到了45.34%和44.20%,相较常规电站分别提高了1.2和1.0个百分点;改进电站的动态投资回收期约为4.27a,具有可行性。     

简议电厂热力系统太阳能的原理及应用

分析了利用太阳能产生的蒸汽代替火电厂热力系统中的某低级压抽汽来提高机组热经济性的方案,并分别计算了600MW、300MW、200MW机组热经济指标的变化。计算表明：额定工况下利用太阳能后机组发电标准煤耗率均可降低7g／（KW．H）以上,汽耗率降低一上,节能效果显著。对热效率低的机组,一般利用太阳能降低发电标准煤耗的潜力更大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-