超声波协同碳酸钠或氯化钠法对黑木耳破壁的研究

以可溶性物质含量为指标,以温度(20~60℃)和时间(10~90min)为因素,通过均匀设计法考察超声波(300 W)对黑木耳破壁的影响.结果表明:可溶性物质(y)与温度(x1)和时间(x2)呈函数关系,y=15.629 3+0.173 6x1+0.0025 56x22(R2=0.953 6,P0.01);根据方程计算极大值和实际验证,功率为300 W情况,温度60℃、时间90min为最佳破壁条件.在最佳破壁条件下,以0.50%的Na2CO3和1.00%的NaCl溶液代替水,均可提高(P0.01)黑木耳破壁效果.     

辅酶Q_(10)酸热破碎法提取工艺条件的研究

为了研究酸热法提取辅酶Q10的最佳工艺条件,系统研究了酸的种类,破壁温度,酸的浓度,酸的添加量,破壁时间等因素对辅酶Q10提取效果的影响.结果表明,酸热法提取辅酶Q10的最佳工艺条件为:盐酸浓度3 mol/L,盐酸的添加量10 ml/g(干菌),破壁温度90℃,破壁时间25 min.     

GW103K镁合金熔体超声净化工艺

采用了超声场来处理GW103K镁合金熔体,考察了超声功率和超声处理温度对镁合金熔体净化效果的影响.研究结果表明:熔体净化程度与超声施加功率和熔体温度有关,温度太低和功率太大都不利于超声净化.在本实验条件下:680℃时,超声功率200W,处理时间60s净化效果比较明显;710和730℃时,超声功率160W,处理时间60 ...     

超声处理钝化鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶动力学研究

研究了超声处理对鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化效果,并采用一级动力学分析了超声功率(240 ～600W)、温度(30 ～50℃)对鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化动力学影响.结果表明,鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的最适温度是30℃,随着热处理时间的延长酶活逐渐下降.超声功率、时间、温度都能显著影响钝化多酚氧化酶的效果,随着超声功率的增加、时间的延长以及温度的升高,超声处理对鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化效应越大.苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化符合一级反应动力学模型,随着功率和温度的升高,k值上升,D值下降.超声处理降低了多酚氧化酶的热敏感性.     

超声提取中草药成分的动力学模型

根据Fick第一定律和中草药浸提机制,结合超声对植物细胞的破壁作用,建立了超声提取中草药有效成分的动力学模型.在不同提取时间和不同提取功率条件下,对银杏叶中黄酮成分进行了超声提取实验,实验结果与动力学模型结论一致.结果表明,在一定提取时间范围内,提取液浓度(In c)与提取时间(In t)呈线性关系.提取时间一定时,提取液浓度(In c)与超声提取功率(In P)具有线性关系.     

超声法优化金叶女贞叶中总黄酮的提取

以金叶女贞叶为材料,寻找其中总黄酮的超声提取的最佳条件.以总黄酮含量为考察指标,在单因素实验的基础上,采用L9(34)正交实验,超声提取研究了乙醇浓度、超声提取时间、超声功率、超声温度对提取金叶女贞叶中总黄酮的影响.从实验结果分析,影响超声提取效果的因素为乙醇浓度超声时间提取功率提取温度,结果表明粒度为40目,乙醇浓度为65%,超声时间为75 min,超声功率为400 W,提取温度为50℃时总黄酮得率最高.     

超声波辅助提取龙眼核棕色素的研究

以龙眼核为原料,采用超声辅助法提取其中的棕色素.在单因素实验基础上,通过响应面法优化其提取工艺.结果表明:色素提取率随着提取温度、提取时间和超声功率的延长而增加,响应面分析得到的回归模型能够较好地预测实际提取率,最佳工艺条件为提取温度69℃,提取时间52min ,超声功率162W.     

裂殖壶菌菌株FJU-512油脂提取的细胞破壁工艺

裂殖壶菌(Schizochytrium)是目前用于商业化生产二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的高产菌种之一,由于DHA属于胞内油脂,因此对其进行充分破壁是工业化提取DHA的关键工序.研究了酸热法、碱热法、超声波法以及酶法对裂殖壶菌细胞破壁的影响,考察了不同破壁方法提取得到的总油脂及DHA产量,结果表明酶法是最优破壁方法.继而探讨不同单一酶破壁的总油脂产量,并将破壁效果最好的碱性蛋白酶和其他酶进行比较,确定最佳用酶为碱性蛋白酶.为进一步完善酶法破碎裂殖壶菌细胞的效果以提高总油脂产量,对碱性蛋白酶酶解的温度、pH、时间以及酶用量等条件进行优化.正交试验结果表明,碱性蛋白酶最佳酶解条件为酶用量2.0%,温度55℃,pH 10.0,酶解时间2.0h.在此优化条件下,裂殖壶菌菌株FJU-512的每克菌体细胞总油脂产量达到0.458 6g.     

平菇多糖提取方法的比较

以平菇为原料, 分别采用破碎、 超声波和超声辅助复合酶3种提取方法提取平菇水溶性多糖. 正交优化结果表明： 提取温度90 ℃, 剪切速率11 350 r/min, 提取时间20 min, 提取3次, 破碎法提取多糖得率为11.20%; 提取温度60 ℃,  超声功率450 W, 提取时间60 min, 提取3次, 超声法提取多糖得率为9.75%; 提取温度30 ℃, 超声功率350 W, 提取时间60 min, 溶液pH=5, 超声辅助复合酶法提取多糖得率为12.05%. 综合考虑提取得率、 节能环保、 操作方法等因素, 选用破碎法提取平菇多糖较理想.     

RSD法优化紫葡萄皮花色苷超声辅助萃取工艺研究

紫葡萄皮糖苷是一种水溶性色素,以紫葡萄皮为材料.采用超声工艺提取,以超声功率、超声温度、超声频率、超声时间为主要因素,通过测定花色苷的吸光值,采用pH示差法以确定其含量,应用响应面设计进行优化.试验结果表明,紫葡萄皮糖苷超声提取最优提取条件为:超声功率286 W,超声温度为45.2℃,超声频率为48.8 kHz,超声时间为45 min.此时花色昔得率为0.235 g/100g.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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