南极冰表面上ClONO2与Cl-的反应机理研究

 采用密度泛函理论计算方法B3LYP和基组6-31G(d,p),对ClONO₂+Cl-(H₂O)_n^→Cl₂+NO₃^-(H₂O)_n(n=0,1,2)的反应机理进行了理论计算研究.研究发现,随着参与反应的水分子数n的增加,反应活化能垒降低.计算结果表明,在冰表面上,水一方面通过氢键的参与形成环形团簇复合物降低活化能;另一方面,水分子作为桥,辅助分子间质子发生迁移,加快反应进程,对反应起到一定的催化作用.这与实验观察到的结果相一致.     

金属离子对钢在没食子酸/硫酸介质中的腐蚀行为研究

 用失重法研究了4种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Cu²⁺,Fe³⁺)在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄以及500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中在20℃对冷轧钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:Cu²⁺对钢的腐蚀起抑制作用;而其余3种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Fe³⁺)对钢的腐蚀起加速作用.在相同条件下,冷轧钢在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2++3+;而在500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中,腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2+3++.     

CuTA纳米酶的制备及其用于过氧化氢检测

以五水硫酸铜(CuSO₄·5H₂O)和单宁酸(Tannic acid,TA)为原料,通过一步法制备得到单宁酸铜（ CuTA）纳米片。由材料的红外、扫描电镜结果可知,本实验成功制备了CuTA。研究表明,所制备材料可催化过氧化氢(H₂O₂)产生O₂,据此本研究建立了一种比色分析方法用于检测H₂O₂,并优化了氧化反应的显色条件。在最优条件下,H₂O₂的检测线性范围为400~1400 μM,检出限为5.2 μM。将本方法用于检测实际样品牙膏中的H₂O₂,回收率可达96.6%~102.2%。研究结果表明,所构建的比色传感器可实现对H₂O₂的定量检测。     

一个单核三价铬配合物的晶体结构、发光性质及热稳定性

我们重新合成了曾经报道过的反式K[Cr(C₂O₄)_2·(H₂O)₂]_2·3H₂O三价铬配合物, 并借助先进的单晶衍射仪和更先进的解析手段得到了该配合物更加精确的结构模型,该配合物属于单斜晶系,P2/n（No. 13）空间群,晶胞相关参数为：a = 7.8827 (4) Å,b = 5.7296(3) Å,c = 13.6447(7) Å,β= 103.506(5)°,Z = 2,Dc =1.980 Mg/m³,V = 599.22(5) ų。热重测试结果显示该配合物在357 K以前是稳定的,在410 nm最有效的紫外光光源的激发下,配合物在610 nm处有一个尖锐的发射峰。     

Li3O+超碱团簇的结构及储氢性能的理论研究

采用杂化密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311++G (d, p)基组水平上对Li₃O ^{0, +}超碱团簇的几何结构和稳定性进行理论计算,并研究了Li₃O⁺团簇的储氢性能。结果表明,Li₃O⁺团簇结构相比中性Li₃O团簇结构的动力学稳定性要高。氢分子在Li₃O⁺团簇表面能以介于物理吸附与化学吸附之间的形式吸附,每个Li原子最多可以有效吸附三个H₂,储氢质量分数可达33.01 wt%。H₂分子在Li₃O⁺团簇表面的平均吸附能范围为1.959~3.591 kCal/mol,该吸附能满足在近室温条件下可逆吸放氢反应的热力学要求。     

O3/H2O2工艺控制太湖原水中致嗅氨基酸

针对太湖原水中氨基酸氯化消毒后可能引发的嗅味问题,采用太湖某水厂滤后水为研究对象,考察了O₃/H₂O₂深度处理工艺对水中致嗅氨基酸的去除效果及影响因素。结果表明滤后水中致嗅氨基酸占总游离氨基酸的81.6%,采用O₃/H₂O₂工艺降解致嗅氨基酸的最佳投量为1.5 mg·L^-1 O₃和0.06 mM H₂O₂,去除率91.28%,致嗅氨基酸浓度降至484.62 ng·L^-1,加氯消毒后几乎没有致嗅风险。水温10~30℃范围内,O₃/H₂O₂对致嗅氨基酸的去除率随温度升高而增大;pH=6~8范围内,去除率随pH的升高而增大。另外,该组合工艺较单独O₃/H₂O₂对溴酸盐的生成也有明显抑制作用。     

Pu(H2O)53+和Pu(H2O)54+ 团簇的相对论密度泛函研究

用TPSSTPSS密度泛函方法, Pu离子和H₂O分子分别采用相对论有效原子实势(RECP)和6-31g基组, 研究了Pu(H₂O)₅³⁺和Pu(H₂O)₅⁴⁺ 团簇溶剂化和非溶剂化效应中的几何结构及紫外可见吸收光谱. 计算结果表明: 水溶剂环境对Pu(H₂O)₅³⁺及Pu(H₂O)₅⁴⁺ 团簇的几何结构影响都比较明显. NBO电荷分析表明水分子与钚离子之间没有直接的电荷转移. 所研究团簇的未配对电子都占据5f轨道. 在气相及水溶剂环境下, 所研究团簇的紫外可见吸收光谱存在较大差距. 主要的吸收峰大都源于f电子之间的跃迁.     

4,4'-二(1-咪唑基)苯硫醚构筑的钴配合物:合成、晶体结构及对有机染料降解性能研究

采用水热法,用4,4′-二(1-咪唑基)苯硫醚(BIDPT)和均苯三甲酸(H_3btc)与Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O反应,合成了一个基于三核钴单元的一维链配合物{[Co₃(BIDPT)₄(btc)₂(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}n(1)。X单晶射线分析表明,配合物是为单斜晶系,Pc空间群,分子质量M_r=4 264.21(8),a=1.019 3(3) nm,b=1.783 0(5) nm,c=2.364 6(6) nm,β=102.45°,V=4.196 2(2) nm³,Z=2,D_c= 2.300 g/cm³,F(000)=2 814,S=1.042,R₁=0.056 0,wR₂=0.184 2 (I >2σ(I))。配合物1中,质子化的均苯三甲酸链接Co(1)和Co(3)形成了两条一维链。而这两条一维链与Co(2)和BIDPT构成的“8”字构型相连,形成了另外一条一维链。配合物中存在C－H…π堆积作用使一维链连接形成二维超分子结构。另外对配合物红外、元素分析、热稳定性以进行了测试。研究了配合物1对藏红T的催化降解性能,在氙灯照射和H₂O₂存在的条件下,配合物1对藏红T具有较好的光催化降解作用。     

不同酸介质对TiO2光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)体系的影响

 研究了不同酸介质对TiO₂光催化还原低浓度Cr(Ⅵ)体系的影响,发现在110 W紫外灯3、h照射条件下Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度低于20μg/mL时受空白影响大.通过在无TiO₂光催化剂的空白实验,表明在HCl介质中不用考虑空白带来的影响,而H₂SO₄,HNO₃,CH₃COOH均有不可忽略的影响.     

产环己酰亚胺新菌株YIM41004种子培养基优化研究初报

 对产环己酰亚胺新菌株Streptomyces yunnanensis YIM41004的摇瓶种子培养基进行了优化,获得最佳配方为葡萄糖25 g,蛋白胨7.5 g,酵母膏7.5 g,CaCO₃3 g,MgSO₄.7H₂O 1 g,MnSO₄.4H₂O 0.1 g,KH₂PO₄0.2 g,水1 000 mL;最佳培养条件为起始pH7.8,500mL种子瓶装量100mL,最佳种龄32~36 h.用优化后的种子培养基培养种子用于摇瓶发酵,结果表明在接种量为10%体积分数时,环己酰亚胺产量达到最高,为498.9 mg.L^-1,比用原始种子培养基时的产量450 mg.L^-1高出10.7%.     

One-step uniform growth of magnesium hydride nanoparticles on graphene

A simple solvent-free method to synthesize MgH2 nanoparticles (MgH2 NPs) uniformly grown on graphene nanosheets (GNs) has been reported in this paper. Based on the formation of MgH2 by di-n-butylmagnesium ((C4H9)2Mg) thermal decomposition under hydrogen pressure, the GNs were added as matrix to hinder the agglomeration and growing of MgH2 NPs. The fabricated MgH2/GNs nanocomposites, in which MgH2 NPs were homogenously growing in the graphene matrix, have been synthesized by the favorable adsorption energy between (C4H9)2Mg and GNs. Resulting from the one-step solvent-free route, the generated MgH2 NPs shows high hydrogen capacity and steady hydriding and dehydriding properties, without the interference of the synthetic medium. At the same time, the size of the fabricated MgH2 NPs can be controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of MgH2 to graphene, the various hydrogen pressure and temperature. Attributed to smaller size effect, well uniform distribution of high density MgH2 NPs, and the agglomeration blocking ability of graphene, the MgH2/GNs-40 wt% exhibits the favorite hydrogen storage performance.     

Significantly enhanced hydrogen desorption properties of Mg(AlH4)2 nanoparticles synthesized using solvent free strategy

Mg(AlH_4)_2 nanoparticles with a particle size less than 10 nm have been successfully synthesized by mechanochemical method using LiAlH_4 and MgCl_2 as raw materials together with Li Cl buffering additive. In comparison to Mg(AlH_4)_2 microparticles, Mg(AlH_4)_2 nanoparticles exhibit a faster hydrogen desorption kinetics and lower desorption temperature. The hydrogen desorption temperatures of the first and second dehydrogenation steps are 80 and 220 °C for the Mg(AlH_4)_2 nanoparticles, which are about 65 and 60 °C, respectively, lower than those of Mg(AlH_4)_2 microparticles. The decomposition activation energy is reduced from 135 k J/mol for Mg(AlH_4)_2 microparticles to 105.3 k J/mol for Mg(AlH_4)_2 nanoparticles. It is proposed that the shortened diffusion distance and enhanced diffusivity of Mg(AlH_4)_2/MgH_2 nanoparticles provide an energy destabilization for lowering the dehydrogenation temperature, and thus being the key factor for promoting the hydrogen desorption kinetics. More importantly, it is demonstrated that the dehydrided nano MgH_2 hydride with a particle size below 10 nm can be formed after rehydrogenation process, resulting in the good cycling hydrogen desorption performance of nano MgH_2.     

Hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 co-catalyzed by LaH3 and NbH

To improve the hydrogen storage properties of Mg-based alloys, a composite material of MgH2 + 10wt%LaH3 + 10wt%NbH was prepared by a mechanical milling method. The composite exhibited favorable hydrogen desorption properties, releasing 0.67wt% H2 within 20 min at 548 K, which was ascribed to the co-catalytic effect of LaH3 and NbH upon dehydriding of MgH2. By contrast, pure MgH2, an MgH2 + 20wt%LaH3 composite, and an MgH2 + 20wt%NbH composite only released 0.1wt%, 0.28wt%, and 0.57wt% H2, respectively, un-der the same conditions. Analyses by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite particle size was small. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic mapping demonstrated that La and Nb were distributed homogeneously in the matrix. Differential thermal analysis revealed that the dehydriding peak temperature of the MgH2 + 10wt%LaH3 + 10wt%NbH composite was 595.03 K, which was 94.26 K lower than that of pure MgH2. The introduction of LaH3 and NbH was beneficial to the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2.     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of Mg100−xNix produced by hydriding combustion synthesis and mechanical milling

In this work, Mg-based hydrogen storage composites with an initial 100-x: x (x=25, 32.3, 50, 66.7) of Mg:Ni molar ratio were prepared by HCS+MM and their phase compositions and electrochemical performances were investigated in detail. The results show that the composites with desirable constituents can be achieved by adjusting the molar ratio of the starting materials in the HCS process. Particularly, the HCS product of Mg67.7Ni32.3 consists of the principal phase Mg2NiH4 and minor phase Mg2NiH0.3. The dominate phase varies from Mg2NiH0.3 and MgH2 for the Mg enriched sample (x<32.3) to MgNi2 and Ni for the Ni enriched sample (x>32.3). The MM modification not only brings about grain refinement of the alloys, but also leads to phase transformation of part Mg2NiH4 to Mg2NiH0.3 in the Mg67.7Ni32.3 sample. Electrochemical tests indicate that each sample can reach its maximum discharge capacity at the first cycle. Mg67.7Ni32.3 displays the highest discharge capacity as well as a superior electrochemical kinetics owing to its excellent H atom diffusion ability and lower charge-transfer resistance. The Mg67.7Ni32.3 provides the most optimized Mg/Ni atomic ratio considering the comprehensive electrochemical properties of all samples.     

丙烯酸十八酯的溶液聚合

用溶液法合成聚丙烯酸十八酯 ,主要探讨了引发剂、单体、温度及溶剂对聚合反应的影响 .由实验得到以下主要结论 :在聚合反应初期 ,聚合反应速率与引发剂的浓度呈半级反应 ,与单体呈一级反应 ;聚合反应常数的指前因子 Aa=1 2 3.4,活化能 Ea=2 9.72 k J/mol;溶剂种类对聚合反应速率没有明显的影响 ;4种溶剂在聚合反应过程中的链转移常数的次序 :Cs( CCl4) >Cs( CHCl3 ) >Cs( ( CHCl2 ) 2 ) >Cs(甲苯 ) ;聚合物的平均相对分子质量主要是受溶剂的链转移作用控制的 .由于聚合物分子在不同溶剂所产生的不同黏度效应 ,对聚合物平均相对分子质量产生一定的影响 .     

一种非对称苯基脒基镁化合物的合成及结构表征

配体(Dipp) N(Li) SiMe3(Dipp=2,6-iPr-C6 H3)与苯腈进行亲核加成反应,再和溴化镁进行复分解反应,得到了五配位金属镁化合物[2,6-lPr2C6 H3 NC(Ph)N(SiMe3)]2Mg(THF) (1),该化合物通过1H NMR,13C NMR和元素分析进行了表征,并用X-ray单晶衍射进行了结构分析.其晶体呈扭曲的三角双锥结构且属于单斜晶系:P21/n空间群,a=11.759 (6)(A),b=28.216 (15)(A),c=14.875 (7)(A),β=96.913(8)°,V=4 900 (4)(A)3,Z=4,R1=0.0871,GOF=0.985.     

化学沉淀法去除木薯制备酒精废水中氨氮的试验研究

针对NH_3-N质量浓度为500~900mg/L木薯制备酒精的废水,采用正交试验及单因素试验研究了用化学沉淀法去除废水中氨氮的工艺条件,结果表明:以MgCl_2·6H_2O和Na2HPO4·12H_2O为沉淀剂,在pH=9.0时废水溶液中PO_4~(3-)与Mg~(2+)和NH_4~+一起发生沉淀反应生成MgNH4PO4·6H_2O,从而达到去除废水中的氨氮的目的;影响废水中的氨氮去除率的因素依次为n(Mg~(2+):NH_4~+),反应时间,n(PO_4~(3-)∶NH_4~+)和pH值。最佳反应条件是当pH=9.0,n(Mg~(2+))∶n(NH_4~+)∶n(PO_4~(3-))=1.4∶1.0∶1.2,常温下反应30min,静置30min,该工艺条件下,对初始氨氮为644.5mg/L的木薯制备酒精的废水进行处理,其氨氮的去除率90%。     

MgH2基态分子结构与势能函数

用从头算CCSD（T）方法和aug-cc-pVTZ基函数对MgH2分子的结构进行优化,得到其平衡几何构型和谐振频率．根据原子分子反应静力学原理得到可能的电子状态和基态分子的离解极限．并用多体展式理论导出MgH2基态分子的解析势能函数．     

替代元素影响Mg2Ni合金吸放氢动力学性能研究

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的平面波赝势（PW—PP）方法,计算Mg2NixM（1-x）（0〈x≤1）合金及氢化物Mg2Ni0.75M0.25H4（M=Ni,Cu,Mn）的晶体结构,生成焓和电子结构,研究替代元素（Cu,Mn）对Mg2Ni氢化物稳定性的影响。Cu,Mn取代使合金晶胞体积变大,合金晶胞体积的大小跟取代原子半径大小成正比,随着合金晶胞体积的增大,氢化物有不稳定的倾向。元素替代可以有效降低氢化物生成焓绝对值的大小,使得氢化物的稳定性降低,其中Cu元素的效果是最明显的。氢化物中H—Ni的相互作用强度是决定氢化物稳定性的主要因素,替代元素正是通过减弱H—Ni键强来改善合金的吸放氢动力学性能。     

一种新型四核铁配合物［Fe4O2(O2CC2H5)7(bipy)2］PF6.(H2O)2(bipy=2,2′-联吡啶)：合成和晶体结构

合成了一种新的四核铁配合物 [Fe4 O2 (O2 CC2 H5) 7(bipy) 2 ]PF6 ·(H2 O) 2 (bipy =2 ,2′ 二联吡啶 )。X 射线晶体结构分析表明配合物为单斜晶系 ,空间群C2 /c ,晶胞参数a =2 8 59(2 ) ,b =13 0 6 2 9(10 ) ,c =17 2 6 98(14) ,β =12 3 6 0 80 (10 )° ,V =52 34 3(7) 3,Dc=1 559Mg/m3,Z =4。分子结构表明存在两种Fe(Ⅲ )离子的配位环境。一种为 2个配位N原子和 4个配位O原子 ,另一种为 6个配位O原子 ;均为畸变八面体