分离涡模拟k-ε湍流模式及在火灾模拟中的应用

为了构造一种使用较少网格并能获得流动主要特性的湍流计算方法,根据分离涡模拟(detached-eddy simulation,DES)方法的一般性定义,发展了一种基于k-ε两方程湍流模式的DES方法.用该方法代替FDS软件中的亚格子应力模式构造的DES求解器被用来对湍流强迫对流问题和单室火灾问题进行数值模拟.计算结果与大涡模拟的结果和实验数据进行对比.强迫对流问题的计算结果与实验数据吻合得非常好,用较少的网格取得了比使用较多网格的大涡模拟方法更好的结果.用该方法预测的单室火灾问题的速度分布与实验结果非常接近,但是预测的温度分布则较差.这可能是由于该数值方法缺乏较好的湍流燃烧模型所致.     

基于HUST-Ship的船舶自航仿真流场特性分析

模型试验中监测船舶周围流动特性需要花费较高的成本,基于数值试验水池的虚拟试验模拟方法能够较为方便地捕捉船舶航行过程中其周围的精细流场特征.本研究基于重叠网格方法实现数值试验水池网格与船模网格的嵌入,形成船舶自航数值试验模型.运用粘性流CFD方法开展船舶航行过程中的流场特性数值仿真工作并进行可靠性验证.不同国际标模在数值试验水池中的试验结果表明,数值预报结果与模型试验结果之间的差别小于3%,且数值试验能够捕捉得到自由液面升高与速度分布云图等流动细节的特征.研究表明,基于数值试验水池的虚拟试验方法无论对船舶宏观水动力性能还是精细流场流动特性都能够实现高精度数值预报.     

DLR-F6翼身组合体跨声速阻力计算

采用美国航空航天学会阻力测试小组提供的多块对接网格,结合Spalart-Allmaras、Wilcox’sk-ω和Menter’s k-ω SST三种湍流模型,通过求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程、数值模拟DLR-F6翼身组合体的流场来研究阻力计算精度,考查网格和湍流模型对翼身组合体构型气动特性的影响.结果表明:三种湍流模型得到的机翼表面压力系数分布与实验数据吻合良好,气动力随攻角的变化趋势与实验结果一致;Spalart-Allmaras模型得到了网格收敛结果,所得阻力优于其他软件的结果;网格密度对阻力有影响,对机翼表面压力系数分布无明显影响;湍流模型对机翼表面压力系数分布的影响主要体现在激波位置上,对升力影响较小,对阻力(尤其是摩擦阻力)影响显著,对翼根处的流动分离有一定影响;在跨声速流动中,Menter’s k-ω SST模型的结果最接近实验数据.     

使用PAFV湍流模型对叶栅流动的数值研究

为进一步发展更有效的湍流模型,提高对高负荷跨声速压气机流动的数值计算精度,以侧偏平均脉动速度和应变率张量为基础构造了新的侧偏平均脉动速度(partial average fluctuation velocity, PAFV)湍流模型。在使用Python计算机语言进行编程计算过程中,将流动控制方程在一般曲线坐标系下变换后,采用有限差分方法进行空间离散。方程对流项采用Steger-Warming通量向量分裂法,扩散项采用中心差分格式离散,时间导数项采用具有TVD(total variation diminishing)性质的二阶Runge-Kutta法离散。使用该湍流模型对德国航空航天研究试验院的L030-4叶栅亚声速和超声速流动进行了计算,在进行网格无关性研究基础上,获得了流场压力等值线云图、马赫数等值线云图,压力系数分布等结果。计算显示侧偏平均脉动速度在激波附近区域受到明显抑制,避免了激波附近区域出现过大的湍流黏性。数值计算结果与实验符合比较好,初步验证了PAFV湍流模型可以有效地模拟该类型的叶栅流动。     

非等分叶片间距叶片式机油泵的内流场分析与试验研究

基于RNG k-ε湍流模型,利用计算流体动力学软件,对不同叶片间距配置的叶片式机油泵稳定工况下的内流场进行数值模拟,得到了稳态流量特性曲线,并与性能试验结果进行对比。考虑不同叶片间距配置的影响,对内流场监测点的压力脉动进行频域分析,结果表明:与等分叶片间距配置相比,非等分配置时泵出口和压油腔内部压力脉动能量幅值在基频倍数频率处有所降低,并且在三次谐波处降低明显。对试验样机进行压力脉动试验和噪声试验分析,结果表明:与等分叶片间距配置相比,非等分叶片间距配置能够降低叶片式机油泵的压力脉动,三次、四次谐波的噪声值有所降低。     

基于结构化网格的两级矿浆泵数值模拟分析

为了研究深海采矿两级矿浆泵泵内固液流体流动规律及工作性能,采用计算流体动力学软件CFD对两级矿浆泵泵内的固液两相湍流进行了数值模拟和性能预测.阐述了矿浆泵计算流道区域的拓扑块划分方法和结构化网格生成方法;采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型和多参考坐标系,进行全三维流场数值模拟,分析了矿浆泵内流场的压力分布、流速分布和湍动能分布,进而计算出不同颗粒属性的泵的特性曲线.研究表明,颗粒属性对矿浆泵工作性能有重要影响,在颗粒体积分数相同的条件下,泵的扬程和效率均随颗粒粒径的减小而增大.颗粒的体积分数适宜控制在5%~10%左右.     

轴对称通道内超临界水对流换热数值模拟

为了研究高性能轻水堆堆芯冷却通道内超临界工质流动与换热特性,采用Fluent软件对竖直上升环形通道内超临界水与管壁间的换热过程进行数值模拟研究。通过计算结果与实验结果的对比,评估了不同网格数量、壁面第1层网格参考高度和湍流模型对数值模拟准确性的影响。对5个不同湍流模型进行对比计算。针对3种热流密度进行堆芯流动换热计算。模拟结果表明:随着网格数量的增加和壁面第1层网格参考高度的降低,预测准确度逐渐提高,但当壁面第1层网格参考高度小于0.07后,预测准确度与其无关;与其他湍流模型相比较,标准k-ω模型和剪切压力传输(SST)k-ω模型都能预测传热恶化现象,SST k-ω模型较标准k-ω模型计算结果更为准确;近壁面区域物性的剧烈变化是引起传热强化及传热恶化的主要原因。     

DLR-F6翼身组合体跨音速流场

针对跨音速运输机经典算例DLR-F6翼身组合体模型,采用CFD方法对其气动特性进行了粘性流动数值模拟,流动模型为雷诺平均NS(RANS)方程。首先采用“超立方体”概念生成绕DLR-F6翼身组合体的高质量多块结构拼接网格,研究网格拓扑结构对气动特性的影响,在此基础上通过网格细分和粗分考查了网格密度对计算结果的影响,最后进行了湍流模型的影响研究。通过与实验数据对比分析,得出了适宜DLR-F6翼身组合体跨音速粘性流动的计算网格,并总结出了能较好模拟其跨音速流场特性的湍流模型。结果表明：网格拓扑结构的合理设计会对计算结果产生一定的影响;网格密度对机翼表面压力分布没有明显影响,但对阻力系数影响显著;湍流模型对机翼表面压力系数分布的影响主要体现在激波位置上,对翼根处的分离也有一定的影响;SST 模型计算的气动力系数比SA模型接近实验值。     

O-Sepa选粉机内三维流场的数值模拟

划网格时把模型分成了若干个块进行划分,对转子叶片和导向叶片附近的网格进行了加密处理,这样既保证了网格质量,又可以获得较准确的计算结果.使用商用有限体积CFD分析软件FLUENT 6.3对O-Sepa-N1000型选粉机内部三维流场进行了数值模拟,通过计算得到选粉机内的速度场和压力场图.模拟结果表明,标准k-ε湍流模型可以准确预测选粉机内的流场特性、径向速度、切向速度和压降.     

不同湍流模型在混流泵数值模拟中的应用与评价

为了评价不同湍流模型在混流泵性能预测中的精度,以某比转速为511的混流泵模型作为研究对象,分别选取3种湍流模型:标准k-ε模型、RNGk-ε模型和SSTk-ω模型,基于SIMPLEC算法和混合网格技术,进行混流泵性能预测和全流场数值模拟,并以试验结果作为基准对预测扬程和效率进行误差分析.研究结果表明,网格密度对模拟结果具有较大影响,较疏的网格导致性能预测精度降低;当流量系数大于0.8时,3种湍流模型预测精度较高,都可以满足工程应用需要,当流量系数小于0.8时,只有RNGk-ε和SSTk-ω模型能较好地使数值预测和实验数据相一致,可以预测出流量扬程曲线中的正斜率特性.该结论将为混流泵性能预测的可靠性提供参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-