冀东地区小麦种子内寄生真菌的种类及致病性的研究

分离冀东地区小麦 3 0个品种 (系 ) 4 5 0 0粒种子 ,得到种子内寄生真菌 4 0 0个菌株。除 4 2 5 %的菌落在供试条件下未产孢外 ,其余分属于 6个属 10个种。其中链格孢菌出现频率最高 ,仅细链格孢即占 4 5 .0 % ,其次为离蠕孢菌 ,仅麦根腐离蠕孢即占 13 .5 %。致病性测定结果表明 :小麦链格孢菌、细链格孢菌、麦根腐离蠕孢菌、禾谷镰刀菌、小麦德氏霉菌、勒韦茎点霉菌等 6种真菌对小麦的种子、幼苗和幼根都有一定的致病性     

刺孢吸水链霉菌与淡紫灰链霉菌原生质体制备条件研究

通过对甘氨酸浓度、酶解温度、酶浓度、酶解时间等影响因素考察,及正交试验优化,确定了刺孢吸水链霉菌和淡紫灰链霉菌原生质体制备的最佳条件.实验结果表明,刺孢吸水链霉菌最佳原生质体制备条件是：甘氨酸浓度为0.5%,酶解温度28 ℃,溶菌酶浓度为3×10-3 g/mL,酶作用时间60 min;淡紫灰链霉菌：甘氨酸浓度为1.0%,酶解温度32 ℃,溶菌酶浓度4×10-3 g/mL,酶作用时间60min.有效的原生质体保存条件是：-20 ℃,在5 d内,原生质体再生率在15%以上.     

尿素包合法富集花生四烯酸的热力学研究

针对高山被孢霉菌体油脂的脂肪酸成分,进行了尿素包合法富集花生四烯酸的热力学计算。结果表明:25℃时,收率为100%时,理论纯度86.49%。为尿素包合法富集花生四烯酸的结晶学研究提供理论指导,也为工业放大提供基础数据。     

高产油脂斯达氏酵母菌株的选育及摇瓶发酵条件的初步研究

以斯达氏油脂酵母Lipomyces starkeyi AS 2．1560为出发菌株．经紫外线诱变选育出了一株高产油脂的优良酵母菌株L．starkeyi M36．通过摇瓶培养,对与菌体产油脂相关的因素进行了单因子试验,确定了摇瓶发酵培养的最佳产油脂条件,碳源为葡萄糖110g／L;氯源为硫酸铵0．6g／L;培养温度30℃;接种量15％;初始pH5．0～7．0;培养144h。最后可得生物量24．2g／L;油脂量14．6g／L．菌油脂肪酸组成分析结果如下：豆蔻酸0．5％,软脂酸35．2％,棕榈油酸4．3％,硬脂酸4．4％,油酸53．0％,亚油酸2．6％．与植物油脂相似．     

深黄被孢霉的化学诱变

以深黄被孢霉为出发菌 ,通过硫酸二乙酯 (DES)诱变 ,获得优化的变异菌株 XM-1 .经初筛、复筛及传代实验 ,表明其是稳定的变异株 .变异株 XM-1在 2 8℃下 ,发酵 1 2 0 h后 ,菌体生物量为 1 5 .1 g/L ,油脂量为 7.5 g/L .与原始菌相比 ,生物量、油脂量分别提高了43.8%和 47% .     

拮抗灰霉病菌的低温型木霉菌株的分离鉴定

木霉是一种具有良好生防潜力和应用前景的灰霉病防治菌，但是目前的木霉菌株大多是在常温条件下筛选获得，造成其对冬季低温条件下发生的灰霉病防治效果较差.筛选鉴定耐低温且拮抗效率高的木霉菌株对低温地区灰霉病的防治具有十分重要的意义.采集冷凉地区的土壤样品，利用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA培养基)在16℃低温条件下分离培养木霉，共获得88株具有良好低温适应性的木霉菌株；利用平板对峙法对这些木霉菌株在低温条件下拮抗灰霉病菌的效率进行了研究，获得3株高效拮抗灰霉病菌的木霉菌株J4-1,J4-5,C2-7;经分子生物学与形态学相结合的方法鉴定，J4-1为棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum),J4-5为非洲哈茨木霉(Trichoderma afroharzianum),C2-7为拟康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningiopsis).获得的低温环境下高效拮抗灰霉病菌的木霉菌株将为北方冷凉地区植物灰霉病的防治工作奠定基础.     

紫外线诱变皮状丝孢酵母选育高产油脂菌株

以皮状丝孢酵母GIM 2.68为出发菌株,利用紫外线(UV)进行诱变,以筛选高产油脂突变菌株.通过测定吸光度和致死率绘制出发菌株的生长曲线与致死曲线,根据形态学和生理生化特征观察对菌种进行初筛,根据生物量和油脂产量检测对菌种进行复筛.研究结果表明:出发菌株生长周期为36 h,培养12 h后进入对数生长期;利用25W紫外灯,在照射距离为36 cm条件下,照射时间为50 s,可以筛选出生物量为1.047 g/(100 mL)、油脂产量为0.374 8g/(100 mL)的突变菌株Tc3,油脂得率为35.8%,与出发菌株相比,生物量提高38.81%,油脂产量提高86.10%,油脂得率提高34.09%.     

高山被孢霉高产ARA的原生质体融合子筛选

利用原生质体融合技术,对两株单一优良性状差异显著的高山被孢霉菌株F24和G12进行原生质体融合,再采用双灭活或流式细胞分选法筛选优良性状相结合的高产菌株,对双亲菌株原生质体的制备、融合和再生的相关条件进行了研究,并对双灭活和流式细胞分选的具体方法进行了研究.经研究发现,采用培养16 h的高山被孢霉菌丝于混合酶液(蜗牛酶15.0 mg·m L~(-1)、纤维素酶6.0 mg·m L~(-1)、溶菌酶0.5 mg·m L~(-1)和几丁质酶0.2 mg·m L~(-1))中30℃酶解4 h为原生质体制备的最佳条件.并探究得出两种融合子筛选方法的最佳方案,成功筛选出融合子,进一步再生培养验证ARA产量,最终挑选出一株ARA产量达6.32 g·L~(-1)的高产菌株.以前尚未发现此方法在高山被孢霉上的应用,为高山被孢霉育种提供了一种有效的手段.     

响应面法优化油脂酵母发酵产油的影响因子

微生物油脂作为一种新型油料资源,研究其发酵条件具有重要意义.以实验室保存菌株EAM-AC16为出发菌,通过单因素试验和响应面法优化菌株EAM-AC16的发酵条件.确定最优发酵条件为:葡萄糖浓度82.37 g/L,接种量9.45%,培养时间为146.4 h,pH6.0,培养温度30℃,空气量(装液量mL/三角瓶mL)70mL/250mL和(NH4)2SO4浓度1 g/L时,菌株EAM-AC16的油脂产量达5.204 g/L.利用气相色谱分析菌株EAM-AC16合成油脂的主要成分为:棕榈酸(C16:0)、亚油酸(C18:2)、γ-亚麻酸(C18:3)和反油酸(C18:3)等.     

黑曲霉S13液体发酵产木聚糖酶的研究

从 2 0株细菌和霉菌中筛选出一株木聚糖酶高产菌株黑曲霉 S1 3.它的最适产酶培养基为 :半纤维素 1 % ,NH4NO3 0 .3% ,微量元素液 0 .0 0 5 % ,吐温 0 .2 % ,Vogel's母液 4% ,麸皮 0 .2 5 % ,起始 p H为 6.0 .种龄 36h,接种量 5 % ,装液量 60 m L( 2 5 0 m L三角瓶 ) ,摇床转速 1 2 0 r/min,发酵温度 2 8℃ ,发酵时间 48h,液体酶活可达 40 0 .0 IU/m L.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that