马端临的史学造诣与比较法

马端临在其父的培育下，史学造诣精深，完成了一部明备精审的中国古代典章制度史《文献通考》，其体例破旧，篇目创新；取材精审，史实确凿；内容充实，史料丰富；层次井然，议论精辟。此书旨趣在谋求治国安民之术，包括劝农力本、轻徭薄赋、赈饥济困、变法革新，这是马端临别识通裁的核心所在，并非如章学诚所言，《文献通考》属于类书，“无故识通裁”可言。《文献通考》广泛运用比较法，成为其闪光点，成为其成功的诀窍。     

《叶适集·别集》校勘

在写作们《叶适与永嘉学派》和《叶适简谱》（前者于1992年浙江古籍出版，后者刊于《温州师院学报》1994年二、四、五期）的过程中，研读中华书局近年出版的《叶适集》，对《水心别集》（以下简称《别集》）的文章时有感觉别扭之处，因马瑞！临《文献通考》（以下简称《通考》）一向以百！用来人文章著称于世，于是检阅该书之商务万有文库“十通”本，其中引用叶适之《习学记言序自》、《水心文集》、《别集》之文颇多。现试将《通考》引文与规集》数篇文章对校，两书之异文颇多，有的虽仅一字之差，但于史实则出入甚大。按版本源流，《通考…     

读马端临的《文献通考·土贡》

马端临的《文献通考》是一部着重叙述历代典章制度沿革的分类通史。它以《通典》为蓝本而在选材范围和规模上都超过了《通典》。如《通典》在经济史方面仅有《食货典》一类,而《文献通考》里却将它细分为田赋、钱币、户口、职役、征榷、市籴、土贡、国用等八考。这反映了他对经济的重视,从而保存了大量经济史的资料,补充了正史之不足。其中《土贡考》,可以说是一部任土所宜,贡物皇室的沿革史。读《土贡考》,既看到了土贡制度的历史沿革,也看到了伟大祖国各地丰富的土特产;既反映了统治阶级的贪婪本性,也反映了劳动人民身受的痛苦。     

晚清汇编丛书对力学知识的传播

目的探讨3种汇编丛书《西学通考》,《续西学大成》,《时务通考》传播的力学知识,为理解晚清力学知识传播与接受的程度提供实证依据。方法原始文献分析法。结果 3种丛书不同程度地传播了西方力学知识。在知识内容方面,机械知识传播最广泛、完整。文本方面,《重学浅说》传播最广。知识体系的传播欠缺。结论 3种丛书中《时务通考》传播的知识难度最大,知识较为完整,且自成体系。但是3种丛书传播的知识都只是概念层面,基本原理及其应用涉及得非常少,特别是原理与应用之间的关系少有体现。这说明晚清知识分子对力学的理解与接受主要在基本的知识层面,力学的理论体系还没有建立起来。     

《文献通考·户口考》的史学贡献

《文献通考·户口考》系统、全面地辑录了中国古代人口统计资料,论述了人口税的演进过程,并进一步揭示了赋税沉重与人口统计之间的关系。     

《宋史·礼志》史源述评

《宋史·礼志》的史源,前人虽多有论说,然均存在程度不一的不足之处。在《宋会要辑稿》、《续资治通鉴长编》等官私记载与《宋史.礼志》比对分析的基础上,可以看出：《宋史·礼志》的史源,很可能是《国史》、宋代官修《会要》、《文献通考》等史料价值极高的官私著述。     

山越文化:宣城先秦文化考

据《文献通考》和《吕氏春秋》等文献记载,古宣城的先民属于古越族的一支。因为吴太伯奔荆蛮,带给这一地区先进的周王朝的中原农业生产技术,“数年之间,民人殷富”。所以本地的文化风貌自商末到东周时,包含了许多周文化的因素。     

秦蕙田与《五礼通考》

清代秦蕙田历经三十八年，完成了一部洋洋数百万言的礼学巨著－－《五礼通考》。其编撰有资料丰厚、工作扎实、集思广益三个思著特点。《五礼通考》在资料江集、体系建立、具体论证等方面都能博采众长，其成就远远超过了前人的礼学成果，确实可称为中国古代礼学的集大成著作。     

郑珍《说文逸字》述要

郑珍《说文逸字》不取浩博,功在创辟补缀,洵是专精之学。其书发明《说文》及诸书引《说文》体例,藉以内外求证,考辨精审;于二徐、段氏所增本书之字,率有补证,并于旧说多所驳正。而辨形似讹误,明于字体衍变,固称考辨精良。     

训诂术语“对/散”“对言/散言”“浑/析”——兼谈综合分析同义词之术语的演变

孔颖达的《五经正义》，是目前所见文献中率先使用术语“对文”、“散文”的著作，作者运用这组术语来分析经传中的同义词在使用上的同与异、通与别，开启了对同义词进行综合训诂的先河。邵晋涵的《尔雅正义》则将其改造为“对文言之”、“散文言之”，而段玉裁的《说文解字注》则另创术语“浑言”和“析言”，邵、段分别运用它们来分析故训中和字书中的同义词在释义上的同与异、通与别。本文认为，《段注》的“浑言”、“析言”，是一组在“对文”“散文”、“对文言之”“散文言之”的基础上发展而来的训诂术语，同时也是一组比较科学的综合分析同义词的训诂术语     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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