高温后地质聚合物混凝土损伤特性试验

采用矿渣和粉煤灰为原料,硅酸钠和氢氧化钠为激发剂,制备了矿渣粉煤灰基地质聚合物混凝土,通过超声波检测及抗压强度试验,研究了不同温度、不同冷却方式下SFGC的质量损失及力学、声学特性变化规律。结果表明,高温总体上导致SFGC的质量、抗压强度及纵波波速减小,峰值应变增大,频谱中高频成分衰减; 冷却方式对高温后SFGC的损伤演化具有显著影响,经浇水冷却后的试件较自然冷却情况性能退化更为严重; 600 ℃为SFGC性能突变的临界温度,600 ℃之后,其性能急剧劣化。     

温度循环对岩石物理力学性质影响试验研究

温度的交替性变化对岩体内部损伤加剧,岩石损伤的积累与发展,导致高寒区岩土工程发生破坏失稳。选取花岗岩、砂岩进行不同温度循环条件下的单轴压缩试验,分析花岗岩抗压强度、弹性模量、抗拉强度与温度循环次数的变化关系;对经历不同温度循环次数的岩石试件进行纵波波速测定,并引入纵波波速劣化度,定量分析温度循环对岩石的损伤。结果表明：花岗岩抗压强度、弹性模量、抗拉强度逐渐减小,且与温度循环次数拟合关系可表征为负指数变化关系;温度循环条件下,岩石试件的纵波波速随循环次数的增大而减小,温度循环初期,波速值变化速率较快,后期变化趋势基本平缓。试件纵波波速劣化度最大可达15.02%,表明温度循环对岩石产生明显损伤。研究为寒区岩土工程的稳定性分析提供试验依据,具有较高的参考价值。     

温度循环对岩石物理力学性质影响

温度的交替性变化对岩体内部损伤加剧,岩石损伤的积累与发展,导致高寒区岩土工程发生破坏失稳。选取花岗岩、砂岩进行不同温度循环条件下的单轴压缩试验,分析花岗岩抗压强度、弹性模量、抗拉强度与温度循环次数的变化关系;对经历不同温度循环次数的岩石试件进行纵波波速测定;并引入纵波波速劣化度,定量分析温度循环对岩石的损伤。结果表明,花岗岩抗压强度、弹性模量、抗拉强度逐渐减小,且与温度循环次数拟合关系可表征为负指数变化关系;温度循环条件下,岩石试件的纵波波速随循环次数的增大而减小,温度循环初期,波速值变化速率较快,后期变化趋势基本平缓。试件纵波波速劣化度最大可达15.02%,表明温度循环对岩石产生明显损伤。研究为寒区岩土工程的稳定性分析提供试验依据,具有较高的参考价值。     

陶瓷纤维增强混凝土高温损伤的超声特性

通过超声波检测和抗压强度试验对高温后陶瓷纤维增强混凝土（CFRC）的损伤特性进行了研究,分析了加热温度和冷却方式对抗压强度、纵波波速和主频带来的影响。分析表明,随着温度的升高,CFRC性能不断劣化,抗压强度、纵波波速及主频总体呈下降趋势;400 ℃为CFRC性能突变的临界温度,400 ℃之前,其劣化程度较小,且抗压强度与主频在400 ℃时有所回升,400 ℃之后,劣化速率明显增大,结构性能急剧下降;同自然冷却情况相比,浇水冷却后CFRC各项性能指标下降更为严重;纵波波速在1.0～3.5 km/s内与抗压强度具有正相关性,在3.5～4.5 km/s内两者相关性不确定。利用纵波波速定义的损伤变量能较好地反映高温后CFRC内部损伤的演化规律。     

干湿循环下宁明粉砂岩宏微观损伤劣化规律研究

为揭示干湿循环下广西宁明地区粉砂岩损伤劣化规律,首先通过干湿循环试验模拟了岩石失水-吸水过程,分析了干湿循环作用下粉砂岩饱和含水率、纵波波速变化规律,并研究了干湿循环后粉砂岩的单轴压缩力学参数劣化特性以及微观结构变化,然后以弹性模量定义干湿循环后粉砂岩损伤,并基于Weibull分布定义受荷后粉砂岩的损伤,耦合得到了干湿循环作用下受荷粉砂岩的损伤演化方程。研究表明：随干湿循环次数增加,粉砂岩饱和含水率呈非线性增大,纵波波速、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量呈非线性减小,可采用指数函数进行拟合,且变化趋势均呈现出3个阶段;干湿循环作用对弹性模量劣化程度较单轴抗压强度劣化程度更为显著;阶段劣化度随干湿循环次数的增加而减小,总劣化度随干湿循环次数的增加而增大;峰值应变逐渐增大,岩样塑性得到了显著发展,破坏模式由脆性破坏向延性破坏转变。     

微波照射下花岗岩强度损伤规律研究

为了探究微波照射下花岗岩强度损伤规律,降低地下工程掘进的开挖难度,选取河北省平山县花岗岩试件,分别开展了微波照射后的单轴抗压强度试验和超声波纵波波速试验.分析了各个试验条件下的应力-应变曲线、峰值应力-峰值应变曲线和超声波纵波波速特征.对比研究了不同照射参数下花岗岩纵波波速规律、峰值应力强度损伤规律和弹性模量强度损伤规...     

制备岩石试样的高温预损伤方法及应用

通过高温加热预损伤试验,分析花岗岩密度、纵波波速、单轴抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量随温度的变化规律,提出岩石加热损伤效应评价方法,并将高温损伤后的岩样应用到滚石碰撞试验中,以检验该方法的可行性。研究结果表明:随着加热温度升高,花岗岩的抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量、纵波波速逐渐降低,当温度低于400℃时,变化幅度较小;在400~600℃时,试样的强度和弹性模量降低程度加剧;在800℃以上时,试样损伤严重,抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量仅为常温下的10%~35%。因此,采用控制温度加热方法,可获得不同质量和不同物理力学性质的预损伤岩石试样。加热温度越高,滚石碰撞越破碎,高温损伤效应越显著。     

冻融循环对绿砂岩动态抗压性能影响的试验研究

冻融循环对岩石材料的性能有着至关重要的影响.为研究冻融循环对绿砂岩物理及动态抗压强度特性的影响，对冻融0、25、50、75、100次的绿砂岩开展了应变率范围为55.98～151.84 s^-1的动态压缩试验.研究发现，随冻融循环次数增加，质量、纵波波速减小，孔隙率以及饱和吸水率增大. 50次冻融循环后绿砂岩内部损伤严重，饱和吸水率增速逐渐降低，穿晶裂纹及裂纹簇增多.冻融次数对动态抗压强度起劣化作用，应变率对动态抗压强度起强化作用，两者影响机制相反，而冻融次数和应变率增加均会提高砂岩的破碎程度.综合纵波波速和孔隙率建立冻融损伤因子，给出了考虑冻融损伤、应变率的动态抗压强度经验方程.基于纵波波速、孔隙率分别建立的强度衰减模型均能够很好地反映动态抗压强度的劣化规律；动态抗压强度均随纵波波速变化量、孔隙率变化量增加而减小.     

热处理温度对受载花岗岩能量演化影响试验研究

为了有效评估花岗岩在高温环境下的工作性能,对饱水和干燥两种状态下的岩石试样,设计了5个温度梯度的热处理试验,通过波速测试试验初步评估岩石的热损伤情况,并在此基础上,针对干燥热处理试样开展了轴向加载试验。结果表明,随温度增加花岗岩波速减小,并在500～600℃间波速出现明显下降,热处理温度越高岩石裂隙越发育。且相同热处理温度下饱和花岗岩波速大于干燥花岗岩;从常温～500℃处理的干燥花岗岩强度以恒定速率下降,而在600℃花岗岩强度显著减小,表明花岗岩在500～600℃间存在热应力损伤临界点;不同温度下花岗岩试件在峰前阶段表现为能量积聚,在峰后阶段表现为能量释放,温度越增加应变能释放梯度越缓慢,体现了高温对岩石延性的增强特性。     

高温及冻融后蒸压轻质混凝土力学性能研究

为研究蒸压轻质混凝土结构在高温-冻融耦合作用下力学性能的变化情况,将不同高温处理后的蒸压轻质混凝土试件经过冻融循环试验后进行静态力学性能试验,研究了不同温度、不同冻融方法对蒸压轻质混凝土试件抗压强度、弹性模量、应力应变关系、能量吸收的影响。试验结果表明,蒸压轻质混凝土试件经高温与冻融循环耦合作用后,随着处理温度增加,其抗压强度减小,弹性模量降低,塑性提高,应力应变曲线变平缓,峰值应力减小,峰值应变增加,能量吸收减小,盐冻冻融循环相较于水冻冻融循环对高温处理后试件的力学性能劣化影响更大,使得试件破坏所需吸收的能量更小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the