RH精炼添加钙合金去除硅钢夹杂物研究

采用RH精炼添加钙合金方式对硅钢进行钙处理。结果表明,钙合金添加量为0.67、1.00、1.67kg/t钢时,钢中钙含量分别为0、2×10-6、4×10-6;随着钙合金添加量增大,钢中夹杂物粒度逐渐由0～2μm向2～4、4～6μm偏移;不同钙处理条件下,钢中均存在粒径小于1μm和粒径为1～5μm的MnS、CuxS夹杂物,后者或单独存在,或同AlN、CaS夹杂复合;粒径为5～10μm区间,钢中的夹杂物基本以钙的氧、硫化物为主。与钙处理前相比,钙合金添加量为0.67、1.00、1.67kg/t钢时,粒径小于1.0μm的微细夹杂物减少幅度分别为68.06%、87.50%、94.94%。钙合金添加量为1.67kg/t钢时,可以去除钢中绝大部分的微细夹杂物。     

LF精炼对CSP集装箱钢T[O]和夹杂物影响

为提高武钢薄板坯连铸连轧产线集装箱钢水洁净度,通过工业试验考察了LF精炼过程炉渣成分、软吹氩以及钙处理工艺对钢中T[O]和夹杂物的影响.试验结果表明,适当提高(CaO+MgO)/SiO2有利于降低钢中T[O],但同时要考虑(CaO+MgO)/Al2O3的比值,适当增加钙处理前后软吹氩时间可明显提高钢水洁净度;将炉渣中(CaO+MgO)/SiO2和(CaO+MgO)/Al2 O3控制在合适范围不仅有利于提高钢水洁净度,而且有利于钢中低熔点CaO--MgO--Al2 O3系夹杂物的生成.根据相关热力学数据给出了实际生产钢中生成不同液态铝酸钙时[Ca]--[Al]平衡热力学计算模型.     

基于废气分析的RH脱碳模型

为连续预测RH熔池内碳含量,实现对RH脱碳终点碳含量控制,以物质C平衡为基础,通过对某钢厂250 t RH废气分析系统分析的废气流量以及废气中CO、CO2含量进行连续监控,建立了基于废气分析的RH脱碳数学模型.该模型计算表明:对于冶炼成品中碳质量分数≤30×10-6的超低碳钢,模型计算RH脱碳终点碳质量分数误差都在±5×10-6之间;在RH脱碳后期,废气中CO+CO2质量分数低于5%时,熔池内脱碳速率低于10-6 min-1,此时可判定脱碳结束.同时结合现场工艺条件分析了压降平台以及吹氧操作对RH脱碳速率的影响.     

洁净钢夹杂物形态控制

钢中夹杂物的性质主要决定于强脱氧元素的相对含量。为获得具有良好变形能力的塑性夹杂物,必须采用低铝铁合金合金化,然后用适宜组成的合成渣,通过渣-铜、夹杂物-钢之间建立的局部反应平衡控制钢液中强脱氧元素含量,达到控制夹杂物成分的目的。以弹簧钢为例,根据热力学理论．分析了炼钢工序中可能影响夹杂物组成的各种工艺因素,为夹杂物形态控制的实践提供理论依据。     

82B硬线钢精炼渣和夹杂物研究

从A12O3活度和夹杂物成分两方面来研究精炼渣对夹杂物的影响．采用Factsage软件对CaO—A1203-SiO3-MgO（8％）-CaF2（8％）炉渣中A1203,活度进行了计算,并研究了碱度和（MgO）含量对A12O3度的影响．当炉渣碱度从1．0增加到2．0时,炉渣中A1203活度随着炉渣碱度的增加而降低;当炉渣碱度从2．0增加到3．8时,A1203活度变化幅度很小;（MgO）质量分数分别为5％和8％的渣,A1203活度差距较小;在碱度高的炉渣中[A1]。容易被从炉渣还原到钢水中．在使用高碱度精炼渣的盘条中发现许多含有MgO的硬性夹杂物,并对此进行了分析,最后得出最适宜的炉渣碱度为2．5—3．0．     

精炼渣成分与轴承钢夹杂物类型关系热力学分析

针对轴承钢中钙铝酸盐大型夹杂物的控制问题,通过计算GCr15轴承钢中尖晶石MgO·Al2 O3、钙的铝酸盐CaO·6Al2 O3夹杂物生成热力学,分析精炼渣成分与夹杂物类型之间的定量关系.结果表明：当钢水中含有质量分数0.10×10-6的溶解钙[Ca]时,只要溶解镁[Mg]质量分数小于10×10-6,MgO·Al2O3就会被[Ca]还原成 CaO·6Al2O3;当精炼渣碱度为7.04,(MgO)质量分数为1.38%时,钢水中溶解[Mg]质量分数比临界[Mg]质量分数低56%,夹杂物以尺寸大于10μm的CaO-Al2O3系复合夹杂为主;当精炼渣碱度为3.75,(MgO)质量分数3.14%时,钢水中溶解[Mg]质量分数比临界[Mg]质量分数低14%,夹杂物以尺寸小于8μm的MnS包裹MgO·Al2 O3复合夹杂为主;当精炼渣钙铝比C/A为1.8~2.0时,控制精炼渣碱度R为4.5~5.5,(MgO)质量分数为3%~5%,即能使钢中MgO·Al2O3保持稳定而不转变为CaO·6Al2O3.     

精炼渣成分对高强度低合金钢中非金属夹杂物影响

采用渣钢平衡的实验方法研究了1600℃下不同碱度和不同Al2O3含量的强还原性精炼渣对高强度低合金钢中非金属夹杂物的影响.结果表明:渣钢反应平衡后,炉渣中CaO和SiO2的质量比为1.9～4.5、Al2O3质量分数为21%～33%,钢中夹杂物主要为球状的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系,尺寸在5μm以下,炉渣成分对夹杂物的成分影响很大.夹杂物主要分布在SiO2含量一定的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2伪三元相图中1 400～1 500℃的低熔点区,随着炉渣碱度的提高和Al2O3含量的降低,部分夹杂物逐渐偏离低熔点区域,夹杂物的总数量逐渐减小.当渣中Al2O3质量分数为21.22%、碱度为3.27时,有大量夹杂物分布在高熔点区域,夹杂物的总数量最小.     

精炼渣碱度对304不锈钢中夹杂物的影响

实验室条件下模拟304不锈钢冶炼中的AOD工位,采用硅铁做终脱氧剂,选择CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaF2五元渣系,考察了精炼渣碱度对304不锈钢中夹杂物的影响.实验中发现,随精炼渣碱度的增大,钢中全氧质量分数降低,夹杂物的总数、总面积和平均半径减小,说明高碱度渣对304不锈钢中的脱氧产物吸附以及对细小夹杂物的生成有利;碱度大于2的精炼渣处理效果明显优于碱度为1.5的实验渣系,建议现场采用碱度大于2的渣系处理钢液.     

高品质GCr15轴承钢二次精炼过程中夹杂物的演变规律

采用FE-SEM/EDS研究了转炉流程生产的GCr15轴承钢LF、RH精炼过程中夹杂物的演变规律,分析了其演变机理。结果表明:钢中复合夹杂物的演变规律可归纳为:Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3→(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-(CaS))复合氧化物夹杂和Al2O3→(Al2O3-MnS)→(Al2O3-MnS-Ti(C,N))复合氧硫碳氮物夹杂2种方式。LF精炼过程脱硫作用明显,钢中的硫化物夹杂数量大幅减少。LF精炼初期钢中主要是MnS、Al2O3、TiN的单相夹杂物。LF精炼结束后钢中的夹杂物演变为Al2O3为核心外包氧化物及MnS、TiN、Ti(C,N)、CaS的复合夹杂物。精炼渣中的CaO和耐火材料中的MgO经还原后与钢中溶解氧反应导致LF精炼结束时D类夹杂物增加。RH及软吹处理进一步强化了去除钢中的硫化物,但D类及其与A、T类复合的夹杂物含量增加。在LF阶段,夹杂物尺寸主要集中在1~3μm范围内,到RH阶段,夹杂物尺寸则主要集中分布在小于1μm的粒度范围。最大夹杂物尺寸由10.79μm降到5.68μm,单位面积夹杂个数由372个/mm2降到258个/mm2。RH及软吹处理有效地降低了钢中大于3μm的夹杂物。     

重轨钢采用RH和VD精炼的对比研究

在其他工艺相同条件下,对钢中全氧、Al含量、H含量、夹杂物成分、炉渣等进行了对比分析。在真空时间相同的情况下,RH脱氢能力优于VD,VD脱氧能力优于RH,但VD精炼后钢中Al含量偏高,炉渣碱度偏大,夹杂物易偏离塑性区。 RH精炼后渣中MgO含量明显升高,夹杂物成分也比较分散,可能是耐火材料尤其是插入管喷补料脱落导致外来夹杂物增多,而VD精炼后渣中MgO含量变化不大,夹杂物成分相对集中。建议采用RH精炼时,应提高耐火材料质量,减少插入管喷补次数,采用VD精炼时,应适当减少石灰加入量,降低渣中碱度并延长真空处理时间。     

Decarburization rate of RH refining for ultra low carbon steel

The decarburization behaviors of ultra low carbon steel in a 210-t RH vacuum degasser were investigated under practical operating conditions. According to the apparent decarburization rate constant (K_C) calculated by the carbon content in the samples taken from the hot melt in a ladle at an interval of 1–2 min, it is observed that the total decarburization reaction period in RH can be divided into the quick decarburization period and the stagnant decarburization period, which is quite different from the traditional one with three stages. In this study, the average apparent decarburization rate constant during the quick decarburization period is 0.306 min-1, and that of the stagnant period is 0.072 min-1. Increasing the initial carbon content and enhancing the exhausting capacity can increase the apparent decarburization rate constant in the quick decarburization period. The decarburization reaction comes into the stagnant decarburization period when the carbon content in molten steel is less than 14×10-6 after 10 min of decarburization.     

RH精炼过程中IF钢洁净度控制

为了优化RH处理工艺、提高RH精炼后的IF钢水洁净度,通过分析T[O]含量的变化研究了RH纯循环时间、镇静时间、钢包顶渣氧化性对IF钢洁净度的影响.实验结果表明:适当延长纯循环时间有利于钢液洁净度的提高,加TiFe后保证纯循环时间6～8min以上可使RH真空处理结束后钢液T[O]降至30×10-6以下;随着RH真空处理结束后镇静时间的延长,中间包钢水T[O]含量总体呈下降趋势,镇静时间大于30 min的炉次,T[O]可控制在35×10-6以下;RH结束后渣中T.Fe每提高1%,平均Al、Ti总损失会增加1.05×10-6 min-1,其中Al损失率0.40×10-6 min-1,Ti损失率0.65×10-6 min-1.     

Periodic flow characteristics during RH vacuum circulation refining

The circulation period of RH vacuum refining was studied to promote the refining efficiency. The influences of the lift gas flow rate and submersion depth of snorkels on the circulation period, and the relationship between mixing time and circulation flow were discussed. The effects of the lift gas flow rate and submersion depth on the degassing rate in one circulation period were studied by water modeling. The results show that the circulation period is shortened by increasing the lift gas flow rate. The circulation period is the shortest when the submersion depth of snorkels is 560 mm. The whole ladle can be mixed thoroughly after three times of circulation. Increasing the lift gas flow rate can enhance the degassing rate of RH circulation.     

RH精炼过程循环流量及夹杂去除的水模型研究

以某钢厂120tRH真空精炼炉为原型建立水模型,研究不同工艺参数对RH精炼过程钢液循环流量和夹杂去除率的影响。结果表明,钢液循环流量随着驱动气体流量、浸入深度、真空度、气孔数的增大而增大,随处理量的增大而减小,实验室循环流量最佳工艺参数为:气体流量2.8m3/h,浸入深度150mm,真空度3614Pa,气孔数12个;夹杂去除率随驱动气体流量、浸入深度、真空度和气孔数的变化均不是单调的,而是存在一个最佳值使夹杂去除率最高,实验室去除夹杂的合理工艺条件为:气体流量2.2m3/h,浸入深度125mm,真空度为3500Pa,气孔数8个。     

无取向硅钢RH精炼过程中夹杂物行为研究

针对无取向硅钢RH精炼工艺各阶段现场取样,系统研究了钢中夹杂物数量、尺寸及成分的演变规律及钢水的洁净度变化。结果表明,钢中夹杂物主要是Al_2O_3及其复合夹杂,尺寸大部分集中在0～2μm,形状以球形和椭球形为主。从RH进站到RH出站,钢中夹杂物数量不断减少,共减少了9.63个/mm2,而尺寸小于1μm的夹杂物仅仅减少了0.85个/mm~2,可见细小夹杂物去除效果不明显。加Al脱氧一个循环时,夹杂物体积百分数下降最快,平均去除率为71.6%,钢中平均总氧含量下降了70%,钢液的洁净度明显提高。但铝脱氧后生成大量细小夹杂物,且随着加Al循环的进行有明显长大的趋势。适当延长铝脱氧的净循环时间,可能是促进细小夹杂物充分长大去除的有效途径。     

Decarburization mechanism of RH-MFB refining process

The overall decarburization mechanism can be divided into the decarburization in bulk molten steel and floating of CO against static pressure, the decarburization on the surface of argon bubbles and splashing particles. On the basis of each conception the RH-MFB decarburization mathematical model has been built according to the thermodynamic and mass conservation principle, and contributions of every decarburization mechanism were discussed and analyzed.     

Mathematical Model of Decarburization of Ultra Low Carbon Steel during RH Treatment

According to the balance of carbon and oxygen, a decarburization model for the RH treatment has been developed. in which the influence of the mass transfer of carbon and oxygen in the liquid steel and the stirring energy (ε) in the vacuum vessel on decarburization rate has been considered. The conclusion that the volumetric coefficients of the mass transfer of carbon is proportional to ε1.5 is drawn. Industrical experiment proves this model is reliable. The influence of some factors on decarburization rate has been obtained. which can provide directions for RH treatment The decarburization behavior of steel with RH-OB treatment is also studied. The OB-or-not curve, the optimized OB time and OB amount are discussed.     

侧底复吹RH真空精炼脱碳过程研究

基于RH内流场,结合冶金反应热力学及动力学,通过建立数学模型研究了侧底复吹RH真空脱碳过程.数值结果表明计算结果与试验结果符合良好.在总吹气量相同条件下,侧底复吹RH前20 min的脱碳速率高于传统RH的脱碳速率.对于传统RH脱碳,前3 s以熔池内CO本体脱碳为主,3~1 000 s以氩气泡表面脱碳为主;对于侧底复吹RH脱碳,前1 000s以氩气泡表面脱碳为主,并且氩气泡表面脱碳速率约为熔池内CO本体脱碳速率的两倍;提高RH处理后期的脱碳速率可提高超低碳钢生产效率.     

Top slag refining for inclusion composition transform control in tire cord steel

Controlling conditions for inclusion plasticization were calculated by FactSage, and the steel/slag reaction equilibration time was determined by pre-equilibrium experiments. Laboratory experiments with different top slags were carried out in 90 min, and industrial tests were performed based on the results of calculation and laboratory experiments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the morphology and composition of inclusions in tire cord steel. It is found that the shape of inclusions can be controlled well, and the composition of inclusions varies in the industrial test as the following transformation route:MnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂→CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂→MnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂. Inclusion plasticization can be achieved by controlling the binary basicity of top slag (CaO/SiO₂ by mass) around 1.0 and the (Al₂O₃) content in top slag below 10wt%. Under these controlling conditions in the industrial test, almost all of inclusions in the wire rods achieve plastic deformation.