冻融循环条件下白云岩物理力学特性

为了探究白云岩岩体的强度和力学参数在循环冻融作用下的演化规律,将饱水状态下的白云岩试样分为11组,在-20～20℃的温度区间内进行了50次循环周期为8 h(冻4 h,融4 h)的室内快速冻融试验,每隔5次循环后观察岩样的表观劣化情况,随后进行干燥和饱和两种状态下的质量和纵波波速的测定,最后进行常规单轴压缩试验。将白云岩的质量、纵波波速、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量等物理力学性质指标同冻融循环次数进行了非线性的参数拟合,并分析了应力应变曲线随冻融循环的演化规律。试验研究结果表明:低孔隙率的白云岩试样抗冻性较好,仅有两块试样的端面在实验过程中出现了闭合型微裂缝;冻融循环作用对质量的变化影响很小且无明显规律性;水的存在会对波速测试起干扰作用,干燥状态下的波速拟合结果较饱和状态下的拟合结果更为理想,能真实准确的反映岩石内部的结构劣化;弹性模量和单轴抗压强度在冻融循环过程中均呈指数型下降趋势;应力应变曲线中的压密阶段随冻融循环次数的增加而增长,岩样的脆性逐渐减弱延性逐渐增强,具有峰前塑性硬化的特征。将参数拟合的结果应用于广义Hoek-Brown准则,引入基于声波波速变化的冻融损伤因子,建立了基于声速变化的冻融累积损伤效应下的岩体力学参数表达式,为寒区岩体工程设计过程中岩体力学参数的取值问题提供了一种新的方法。     

冻融循环作用下白云岩边坡的稳定性分析

为了探究季冻区白云岩边坡在冻融循环作用下的失稳机理,通过白云岩完整岩样的室内快速冻融循环试验、声速测试试验和单轴压缩试验,获得了不同循环次数后岩块的物理力学性质参数,结合广义Hoek-Brown岩体强度准则,利用冻融岩样的纵波波速量化冻融裂隙岩体的地质强度指标GSI和冻融扰动因子Dn,实现了将岩块的冻融力学参数向边坡裂隙岩体冻融力学参数的转化,并分析比较了岩体各参数的冻融劣化效应,最后以河北省北部山区某白云岩高边坡为背景,利用FLAC3D分析了边坡在冻融效应下的循序破坏机理。结果表明：边坡岩体的各项力学性质参数在冻融作用下均呈指数型下降趋势,其中岩体破碎度的冻融劣化效应最强;剪切塑性区主要在边坡的冻融层中产生和扩展,坡脚处的受损和变形最严重,边坡冻融破坏模式主要为表层碎裂岩块的崩落和沿冻融交界面的浅层滑塌。可见,冻融白云岩边坡的防护方案宜优先考虑从提升岩体完整性的角度入手并选用施工扰动较小的支护体系,以避免因施工扰动而造成浅层风化堆积体的滑塌。     

冻融循环条件下灰岩物理力学性能试验

为研究灰岩在不同冻融循环条件下物理力学性能变化情况,利用快速冻融机和2 000 kN三轴压缩试验机对不同冻融次数下灰岩进行单轴压缩试验,得到冻融灰岩应力-应变关系曲线。结果表明:随着冻融次数的增加,抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比均逐渐降低,且降低程度服从指数衰减模型,20次冻融之前,岩样应力-应变曲线塑性阶段不明显,进一步增加冻融循环次数,岩样塑性特征越来越明显,脆性特征逐渐降低;试验得到不同冻融次数下饱水岩样波速均大于干燥状态下的波速,且随冻融次数的增大呈指数形式降低;最后,基于波速建立以岩石动弹模为损伤变量的冻融损伤方程,拟合结果显示损伤随冻融次数的增加而增大,但增长速率逐渐减少。     

干湿循环下宁明粉砂岩宏微观损伤劣化规律研究

为揭示干湿循环下广西宁明地区粉砂岩损伤劣化规律,首先通过干湿循环试验模拟了岩石失水-吸水过程,分析了干湿循环作用下粉砂岩饱和含水率、纵波波速变化规律,并研究了干湿循环后粉砂岩的单轴压缩力学参数劣化特性以及微观结构变化,然后以弹性模量定义干湿循环后粉砂岩损伤,并基于Weibull分布定义受荷后粉砂岩的损伤,耦合得到了干湿循环作用下受荷粉砂岩的损伤演化方程。研究表明：随干湿循环次数增加,粉砂岩饱和含水率呈非线性增大,纵波波速、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量呈非线性减小,可采用指数函数进行拟合,且变化趋势均呈现出3个阶段;干湿循环作用对弹性模量劣化程度较单轴抗压强度劣化程度更为显著;阶段劣化度随干湿循环次数的增加而减小,总劣化度随干湿循环次数的增加而增大;峰值应变逐渐增大,岩样塑性得到了显著发展,破坏模式由脆性破坏向延性破坏转变。     

冻融循环条件下灰岩力学性能试验研究

为研究灰岩在不同冻融循环条件下岩石物理力学性能变化情况,利用快速冻融机和2 000 KN三轴压缩试验机对不同冻融次数下灰岩进行单轴压缩试验,得到冻融灰岩应力-应变关系曲线。结果表明：随着冻融次数的增加,抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比均逐渐降低,且降低程度服从指数衰减模型,20次冻融之前,岩样应力-应变曲线塑性阶段不明显,随着冻融次数的继续增加,塑性特征逐渐明显,岩样脆性逐渐降低;试验得到不同冻融次数下饱水岩样波速均大于干燥状态下的波速,且随冻融次数的增大呈指数形式降低;最后,基于波速建立以岩石动弹模为损伤变量的冻融损伤方程,拟合结果显示损伤随冻融次数的增加而增大,但增长速率逐渐减少。     

冻融和干湿作用下表生板岩的劣化行为与机制

基于构造交互地区板岩在浅表生环境中的劣化进程与其所在区域滑坡、崩塌和泥石流灾害的发生、发展密切相关,其劣化不仅受冻融、干湿这2种浅表生作用控制,更与两者的交替作用密切相关,对完成不同次数冻融循环、干湿循环及冻融-干湿交替循环试验后的板岩试样的质量、纵波波速、单轴抗压应力-应变曲线及其强度进行测试;为研究板岩试样劣化机理,对实验后的样品进行矿物成分分析和扫描电镜分析;从宏观与微观方面对比分析板岩在3种不同作用下的劣化响应程度。研究结果表明:板岩质量、弹性波速、抗压强度等物理力学参数在冻融、干湿及冻融-干湿交替作用过程中产生明显的劣化响应,随着试验次数增加,试样质量减少,波速降低,抗压强度减小,其中,波速、抗压强度呈负指数减小;云母、长石、方解石等矿物的溶蚀,伊利石与高岭石等次生黏土矿物的生成及其在冻融、干湿、冻融-干湿交替作用下的聚集、吸水膨胀与失水收缩是板岩破坏的主要原因之一;板岩对干湿作用的劣化程度明显比冻融-干湿交替作用和冻融作用的劣化程度大。     

冻融温度区间对砂岩声发射特性的影响

为探究冻融作用对砂岩物理力学特性及内部破裂损伤规律的影响,对砂岩开展不同温度区间的冻融循环试验,并对冻融损伤岩石进行单轴加载作用的声发射试验,研究冻融温度区间对岩石物理力学参数及声发射特性的影响。结果表明：随着冻融循环温度区间增长,质量损失率和纵波波速变化率整体上呈先陡后缓的上升趋势,砂岩的峰值强度不断下降且峰值应变逐渐增加,单轴抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐减小,且同一冻融温度区间对弹性模量的影响较单轴抗压强度更为显著,泊松比呈现逐渐增长趋势;声发射振铃计数及累计振铃计数呈现逐渐增长趋势,沉寂期变小,声发射分布时间范围减小,峰值频率呈现向低频发展趋势。研究成果为寒区岩体工程稳定性预测提供实验依据。     

冻融循环条件下红砂岩物理力学特性试验研究

对采自陕西的红砂岩进行冻融循环压缩试验,以模拟红砂岩的冻融风化过程。试验共进行40次冻融循环,在冻融0,5,10,20,40次时分别测量岩样的质量、体积及其纵波波速,并对岩样进行单轴抗压试验;分析了岩石强度与应力-应变曲线及损伤扩展力学特性随冻融循环次数的变化规律。研究结果表明,随着冻融循环次数的增加,岩样的质量、密度、波速及冻融系数减小;岩样的弹性模量及强度逐渐减小,应力-应变曲线压缩性增大,弹性增长段减小,塑性增强;冻融与荷载的共同作用使岩石总损伤加剧,并最终导致岩石破坏。最后,利用陕西红砂岩物理力学特性随冻融循环的变化规律,为寒区岩土工程的建设提供相应的参考数据。     

不同初始含水率下砂岩冻融劣化特性试验研究

天然岩体在温度、水分变化的基础上发生冻融循环,引起岩石微观损伤、冻融碎裂以及破坏失稳等劣化现象,是中西部寒冷地区岩体的主要风化过程。将取自云冈石窟砂岩分成干燥组、饱水组、饱和度对比组进行冻融试验研究,得到试验前后云冈石窟砂岩吸水率、纵波波速、单轴抗压强度等变化参数。结果表明:砂岩饱和度30%时,变化参数基本不受冻融作用影响;砂岩饱和度为30%~70%时,变化参数开始受冻融作用影响;砂岩饱和度70%时,变化参数出现突变现象。定义饱和S=70%为云冈石窟砂岩冻融损伤的"阈值"。     

冻融循环作用下泥岩的力学特性及损伤机理研究

为研究冻融循环作用下岩石的损伤特性及发展规律,以泥岩为例,对泥岩在不同次数冻融循环条件下进行了单轴压缩和超声波检测试验,并分析在不同冻融循环条件下泥岩的力学特性.结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,试样的原生裂隙受到反复冻胀荷载的作用引起损伤,试样脆性减小、延性增大,单轴抗压强度、弹性模量以及纵波波速均减小;对各力学参数...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with