这些鲜物不宜吃得太新鲜

鲜牛奶曾有报道称,某地农民牵着奶牛上街现挤现售牛奶,使市民既喝到了最新鲜的牛奶,还省了钱,又可防止牛奶掺水掺假,因此颇受市民的欢迎。其实,这不合乎科学。因为这种最原始的售奶方式,其挤奶的环境卫生,容器的洁净消毒,挤奶员的健康状况及其双手的清洗消毒等都是无法保证的。况且现挤现售牛奶的奶牛是否患病又有谁知道呢?万一这牛感染了布氏杆菌、结核杆菌、金     

高技术畜牧业

据美国《高技术产业》杂志1989年9～10月号报道,在美国,高技术的应用已进入畜牧养殖业,爱达荷州楠柏地区一位叫吉姆·斯图尔的牛奶场主用一台带计算机的喂料机和一台装备计算机的计量系统管理着500头奶牛。计算机计量系统和安在奶牛耳朵上的电子识别耳签连接,这样,电子识别耳签就为计算机源源不断提供各头奶牛的信息,饲养人员坐在计算机旁,只须按动电钮,就能知道每头牛每次挤奶的奶量和一天三次挤奶的总奶量及牛奶的流速,每次挤奶的时间,还知道挤奶人是谁。如果任何一头奶牛产奶量减少,计算机就会发出信号,告诉饲养人员是奶牛得病该请兽医呢?还是该和市场联系,卖掉它为制作牛肉馅饼提供原料。这种管理奶牛的专用计算机网络系统可以通过安在牛耳上的电子识别耳签储存每头奶牛完整的资料数据。根据这些     

奶牛挤乳技术

1．1准备工作挤奶前准备好洗乳房用的温水。清除牛体沾污的粪草，清扫牛床粪便．备齐挤乳用具，包括奶桶、盛奶罐、过滤纱布、洗乳房水桶、毛巾、小凳、秤、记录本等。挤乳员穿好操作服(围裙)，洗净双手。     

巧克力能否去除桌上的油性笔笔迹

我用毛巾蘸水后用力擦拭桌面,笔迹没有消失,这证明清水无法去除油性笔笔迹。我又用毛巾蘸洗洁精后用力擦拭桌面,依然无效,这证明洗洁精也无法去除油性笔笔迹。     

无菌间四种空气消毒方法的效果比较

目的:为了寻找一种方便易行的无菌室空气消毒方法,对四种常用消毒方法进行了观察和比较。方法:比较了A(水擦拭 紫外线照射)、B(含氯消毒剂擦拭 紫外线照射)、C(含氯消毒剂喷雾 紫外线照射)、D(含氯消毒剂擦拭 含氯消毒剂喷雾)四种消毒方法。结论与结果:D方法消毒效果最好,而且成本较低造作简单。     

对治疗奶牛乳头、乳池狭窄继发闭锁的体会

随着城乡人民对乳、肉、蛋的需求量的大幅度增加，因而激发了畜牧业的大发展。奶牛的发展是形势的需要，也是广大农民致富奔小康的有效途径。因为奶牛是以产奶为主的经济效益较高的家畜，奶牛的增多，乳房疾病的发病率也随着增加，因此，研究和治疗乳房疾病是不可忽视的问题。现将我院在治疗奶牛乳头，乳地狭窄继发闭锁的体会简介如下：1病例情况在来院治疗的病例中，其中有一例，即孙吴镇张某的黑白花奶牛，四岁第二产，在产犊三十六天来县兽医院治疗。主诉：“几天前奶量明显减少，挤奶时间延长，乳头中间有一个疙瘩，比较硬，现在有奶挤…     

影响成功加工的因素及利用乳脂平衡法监测乳品加工企业的生产效率

乳品加工企业有效的加工不仅要具备以最低成本生产优质产品的能力，还需要良好的管理相配合，良好的管理具备把影响产品质量的一系列因素成功的结合起来的能力。这些因素包括原奶质量、有效的杀菌、杀菌后污染最小化、有效的冷链分发、加工的机械化程度、预防性质量控制和预防性保养等。 1 原奶质量 牛奶质量以细菌学与化学质量来衡量，需经适当的试验室分析进行检测。这也是提高原奶质量的有效手段之一。如果从牛舍挤奶、运输、处理环节直至乳品企业收奶平台的卫生条件差，原料奶中的细菌数目就会编高，继而产生两种不良的后果： （1）、…     

关于牛乳设备碱性清洗剂的研究

对挤奶及储奶设备的彻底清洗消毒,是原料乳不受污染的第一重保障。设计不同配方的碱性清洗剂,通过菌落总数的测定判定清洗效果。试验得出清洗效果最佳的是0.1%Na OH+0.1%阴离子表面活性剂组成的碱性清洗剂。     

基于TRIZ理论的转盘式挤奶机器人结构设计

为解决转盘式挤奶机智能化程度不足的问题,设计了一种适用于大中型牧场的高效率智能化挤奶设备。基于TRIZ(theory of inventive problem solving)理论,采用九屏分析法和因果轴分析法,得出影响牧场智能化发展的因素;结合现场实际情况,运用技术矛盾法、物理矛盾法和物场-模型法对分析出的问题进行求解,对执行机械臂、末端执行器、三轴平移装置等关键部件进行创新设计,完成了转盘式挤奶机器人的结构设计,并搭建了实验样机,进行了奶杯抓取和套杯实验。结果表明,机器人抓取奶杯成功率为100%,套杯成功率为97.2%,平均每次花费时间为5.8 s。相较于人工挤奶,效率至少提高了98%。所设计转盘式挤奶机器人满足使用要求,为转盘式挤奶机器人产品开发及后续的牧场智能化研究提供了依据。     

甘肃生态环境与奶牛散放饲养的可行性

<正> 奶牛散放饲养,在国外起步于五十年代,经历了一个由单一向多向发展的阶段,其饲养方式,由个体到群体,由粗放到集约,由封闭固定到开放散养,奶牛的生活区发生了很大变化,由人随牛转变为牛随人转;固定一体的饲喂、挤奶与休息变为各有其所的饲喂、挤奶与休息;草、料、奶、粪各有其独立的生产线,机械化与电气化逐步替代了繁重的手工操作,     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with