双相(O/W)识别手性萃取苯基琥珀酸对映体的动力学研究

采用双相(O/W)识别体系对苯基琥珀酸对映体的萃取拆分过程进行动力学研究,对苯基琥珀对映体的萃取反应为一级反应;水相和有机相中使用的萃取剂分别为羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)以及L-酒石酸异丁酯(L-IBTA);考察搅拌速度、两相接触面积、水相中苯基琥珀酸对映体浓度、水相及有机相中萃取剂浓度、水相中pH对萃取初始速率的影响。在5℃时,双相识别体系萃取分离苯基琥珀酸的S-、R-型对映体的萃取速率常数分别为32.95×10 5m6.mol 2.s 1和16.18×10 5m6.mol 2.s 1。建立了双相识别体系萃取拆分苯基琥珀酸对映体过程的动力学模型。     

反应萃取法提纯赖氨酸的工艺

测定用二（2－乙基己基）磷酸酯萃取分离赖氨酸的分配系数和萃取率。考虑氨基酸的初始浓度、二（2－乙基己基）磷酸酯的浓度、pH值和温度对分配系数和萃取率的影响，用多元逐步回归法进行回归分析。结果表明，氨基酸的初始浓度对萃取分配系数和萃取率没有明显的影响，萃取分配系数和萃取率随二（2－乙基己基）磷酸酯的浓度的增加而显著增大，随温度的升高而降低。这说明，萃取反应是一个放热反应。     

亲水有机相/含盐水体系萃取L-赖氨酸

以乙醇、磷酸氢二钾和水形成亲水有机相／含盐水体系．用该体系萃取分离L-赖氨酸,实验考察其可能性和影响因素．结果表明,赖氨酸在该体系的分配系数K,随体系成相磷酸二氢钾浓度的增加而减小,随体系pH值的增大而增大,而添加NaCl带来的影响却很小．该体系在ωk2HPO4=0．25,ωc2H5OH=0．20和pH=13时,赖氨酸的分配系数K可达12．8．这为赖氨酸的分离和精制提供了一种新可能。     

普萘洛尔在1-萘万古霉素手性柱上的对映体分离

在自制的1-萘万古霉素手性色谱柱上对普萘洛尔进行了对映体分离研究.讨论了极性流动相中不同浓度的酸、碱添加剂对普萘洛尔对映体分离的影响,并初步探讨了其手性识别机理.结果表明,自制的1-萘万古霉素手性柱对普萘洛尔对映体具有一定的分离效果,流动相中酸、碱添加荆比例为0.001%:0.001%(v/v)时,选择因子达到1.16.     

手性HPCE整体柱非衍生化法拆分苯丙氨酸

用双-(6-氧-间羧基苯磺酰基)-β-环糊精作为手性选择剂,制备了手性HPCE整体柱,采用正向高效毛细管电泳法(HPCE)拆分了非衍生化的D,L-苯丙氨酸(D,L-phenylalanine),考察了缓冲液浓度、pH值、分离电压等因素对苯丙氨酸对映体保留特性和分离度的影响,探究了分离的最佳条件.结果表明:在最佳条件下,对映体分离度达到4.46,建立了一种高效的苯丙氨酸两对映体分离分析的新方法.     

P204-HCl-H_3cit体系铈镨分配比和分离系数的研究

研究了含有柠檬酸(H3cit)的P204-HCl体系中,料液酸度与柠檬酸浓度对铈和镨分配比、分离系数及萃取容量的影响.采用FT-IR光谱仪分析了铈镨分离系数提高的机理.实验结果表明:在P204-HCl-H3cit体系中,铈镨的分配比和分离系数随酸度的增大而降低,随柠檬酸浓度的增加而提高;稀土元素的萃取容量随柠檬酸浓度的增大而提高.当料液酸度pH=1.0、柠檬酸浓度=0.25mol/L时,铈和镨的最大分离系数为1.71,稀土的最大萃取容量为27g/L,其指标优于相同酸度下的皂化P204-HCl体系.     

有机溶剂萃取分离L-苯丙氨酸

以磷酸二（2-乙基己基）脂（D2EHPA）为萃取剂，环己烷为稀释剂萃取L-苯丙氨酸（L-Phe），研究了L-Phe浓度、D2EHPA浓度、温度对萃取分配系数D的影响，以及负载L-Phe有机相的反萃取特性．结果表明：萃取分配系数D随温度的升高而降低。而L-Phe浓度对分配系数的影响还与水相初始pH值有关；萃合物是以一个L-Phe分子和二个D2EHPA分子结合而成．在利用酸溶液对负载L-Phe有机相的反萃取过程中。反萃取的效果符合HCl〉HNO3≥H2SO4〉CH3COOH。且随HCl浓度和温度的升高而升高．     

毛细管电泳分离氟西汀对映体

文章建立了在毛细管电泳中以离子液体三甲基羟乙基双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐(HOEtN1,1,1NTF2)和羧甲基-β-环糊精(CM-β-CD)联用分离氟西汀对映体的毛细管电泳新方法。在检测波长为226nm,高差为10cm,进样10s的条件下,考察了CM-β-CD的浓度、HOEtN1,1,1NTF2、背景缓冲液及其pH值、分离电压等实验条件对氟西汀对映体拆分的影响。获得了氟西汀对映体分离的最佳实验条件为:在15mmol/L pH值为8.5磷酸盐缓冲液中添加30mmol/L HOEtN1,1,1NTF2和10g/L CM-β-CD,分离电压为20kV。在最佳实验条件下,氟西汀对映体在11min内实现了基线分离,分离度为2.33。该方法操作简便、分析快速、分离效果好,适用于分离氟西汀对映体。     

络合萃取3-氯苯酚的平衡研究

3-氯苯酚(3-Chlorophenol,3-CP)是一种重要的化工原料,但也是一种毒性较大的环境污染物.本文使用最常用的萃取剂——磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂,四氯化碳为稀释剂,详细探讨了磷酸三丁酯萃取3-氯苯酚的平衡时间、络合剂种类和浓度、体系的pH、溶质浓度等因素对萃取效果的影响;还比较了四氯化碳、磺化煤油对萃取分配比(D)的影响;同时使用红外光谱定性分析了其络合萃取过程,并建立了萃取模型.实验发现:在常温下,振荡频率为(200±10)rpm,振荡2h,即可达到萃取平衡.与三烷基胺和2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯相比,TBP是萃取3-氯苯酚最好的萃取剂;且萃取分配比随萃取剂浓度的增大而增大.体系的pH是影响萃取效率的关键因素,在pH3～4.5范围内其萃取效果最好.四氯化碳作为稀释剂比磺化煤油好.分配比随溶质3-氯苯酚浓度的减小而增大,这也正是络合萃取的优势.红外光谱分析表明,TBP萃取3-氯苯酚是氢键作用机理,体系的pH不影响萃取机制.根据实验结果和萃取机理,建立了萃取模型,其表观络合萃取反应平衡常数为316.8L·mol-1.本研究结果不仅为萃取理论的发展提供了数据,同时也为3-氯苯酚的提纯及工程处理含酚废水、乃至酸性有机废水的治理提供了参考依据.     

酶法转化体系中L-苯丙氨酸的络合萃取

L-苯丙氨酸的分离提取对于促进酶法制备工艺的产业化进程具有重要价值。利用络合萃取分配系数、分离选择性高的特点，对苯丙酮酸酶法制备，L-苯丙氨酸转化体系中，L-苯丙氨酸的络合萃取进行了研究。以二(2-乙基己基)磷酸为萃取剂，研究了水相平衡pH、萃取剂浓度和稀释剂的种类对分配系数的影响；并利用D2EHPA-正辛醇体系对酶法制备，L-苯丙氨酸的转化液进行了络合萃取研究，经4次萃取和1次反萃，L-苯丙氨酸的萃取率达到98．15％；经1次反萃，L-苯丙氨酸的收率达94．33％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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