碳化对混凝土中氯离子扩散的影响

混凝土与静浆快速碳化0,14,28d后浸泡到3.5% NaCl溶液中650d,测试了混凝土不同深度的自由氯离子、总氯离子含量,计算出混凝土的表观氯离子扩散系数和氯离子结合能力;采用压汞法测试了不同腐蚀制度下静浆表层的孔结构,利用DSC分析了静浆的腐蚀产物.结果表明:混凝土碳化后浸泡到腐蚀溶液中,增加了混凝土中的氯离子含量,提高了混凝土表观氯离子扩散系数,降低了混凝土对氯离子的结合能力;且随碳化时间的增加,变化幅度变大.快速碳化粗化了混凝土的孔结构,其大于30nm的毛细孔数量增加了11%,最可几孔径增加了17nm;降低了混凝土中Friedel'S生成量,以及混凝土对氯离子的化学结合能力.     

干湿循环下受弯钢筋混凝土梁的氯盐侵蚀

为探究弯曲荷载对干湿交替环境下钢筋混凝土梁内氯离子输运的影响,引入混凝土标量损伤作为耦合中间量,并拟合氯离子的荷载修正函数修正不同损伤部位的氯离子扩散系数,建立干湿循环与弯曲荷载耦合作用下混凝土梁中的氯盐和水分的输运模型。在此基础上,基于COMSOL软件,提出一种混凝土中氯盐侵蚀的数值模拟方法,并以弯曲荷载、侵蚀时间为变量,进行干湿循环试验验证。研究结果表明:随着弯曲荷载、侵蚀时间增加,混凝土梁内同一位置处的氯离子质量分数提高;对于同一试验梁,纯弯段氯离子质量分数比弯剪段的高;弯曲荷载影响构件的损伤范围和程度,进而影响氯离子在混凝土内的传输。     

氯盐侵蚀作用下TRC加固梁的受弯性能分析

采用四点弯曲加载的方式,分析了氯盐干湿循环及弯曲应力耦合对纤维编织网增强混凝土(TRC)加固梁弯曲性能的影响.结果表明:随着干湿循环次数增加,梁的裂缝宽度和跨中挠度增大,承载力下降,当循环次数达到300次时,梁的开裂荷载降幅较大;在干湿循环和弯曲应力耦合作用下,随着弯曲应力水平增大,加固梁的极限承载力降低,加载后期梁的裂缝变化较快,当应力水平为0.5时,TRC的限裂性能降幅较大.受持载腐蚀时初始挠度的影响,在同级加载下梁的跨中挠度降低.基于实验结果建立了氯盐侵蚀作用下TRC加固梁的承载力计算公式,且计算值与试验值拟合较好.     

耦合因素对疲劳荷载作用下混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响

采用自行设计的试验装置分别对疲劳-氯盐耦合作用下混凝土中的氯离子渗透性能及先疲劳后渗透混凝土中的氯离子渗透性能进行了相关研究,试验中施加的荷载水平(疲劳上限)分别为12MPa、16 MPa和20 MPa,疲劳次数为100万次.同时采用超声波速表征疲劳荷载作用下混凝土的损伤,从微观角度对疲劳荷载作用下混凝土的损伤程度进行了验证.结果表明:随着荷载水平的增大,混凝土超声波速逐步减小,损伤程度逐步增加;耦合因素加速了疲劳荷载作用下混凝土中氯离子的渗透性能,且随着荷载水平的增大,混凝土渗透性能进一步加剧.     

海砂超高性能混凝土试验

采用未淡化的海砂制备超高性能混凝土（UHPC）和普通混凝土,研究了不同氯离子含量的海砂对UHPC抗压强度、孔结构、快速氯离子渗透性以及内置钢筋耐久性的影响,并与普通混凝土进行分析比较。结果表明,海砂中的氯离子含量对UHPC抗压强度并不会产生较大的消极影响;海砂UHPC的临界孔半径约为2 nm,与海砂普通混凝土不同,孔隙率随海砂中氯含量的增加而增加;即使海砂氯离子含量高达0.636%,海砂UHPC的氯离子渗透性仍可忽略不计;海砂UHPC中钢筋在28 d后处于钝化状态并趋于稳定。     

GLP对混凝土微观结构及抗碳化性能影响机理

本文研究磨细石灰石粉(Ground Limestone Powder,GLP)等量替代水泥对混凝土微观结构及抗碳化性能的影响机理。通过pH值试验测试了不同GLP用量的混凝土浆体内部孔隙溶液碱储备量,采用压汞试验(MIP)分析了GLP混凝土内浆体水化产物孔结构分布特征,并对GLP混凝土进行碳化试验。结果表明:GLP等量替代水泥,会影响混凝土浆体内部孔隙溶液的pH值,GLP用量越多,孔隙溶液pH值越低,单位体积混凝土碱储备量的减小削弱了混凝土的抗碳化能力。GLP等量替代水泥改变了混凝土浆体内部孔级配分布特征,50~200nm级有害孔孔隙率及其分孔隙百分率显著增大,浆体的总孔隙率明显增大,进一步弱化了混凝土的抗碳化能力。可通过增大GLP比表面积或降低混凝土水胶比提高混凝土抗碳化能力。     

不同措施对热带海洋砼结构服役寿命的影响

海工钢筋混凝土结构由于长期受到海洋盐雾大气、浪溅与潮汐、高温等环境因素作用,大量氯离子侵入混凝土中,致使结构中的钢筋严重锈蚀,从而使混凝土结构难以达到50年的设计寿命要求.本文基于修正的氯离子扩散理论与可靠度理论,通过南海实际工程来探讨一些结构措施和附加措施对海工混凝土服役寿命的影响.结果表明:增大结构的保护层厚度能有效延长结构的服役寿命.对混凝土结构施加一定的附加防护措施,也能够有效地延长混凝土结构在热带海洋环境下的服役时间.最有效的附加防护措施是采用不锈钢钢筋,但是价格太高而应用受限,比较适用的是硅烷外涂或者使用阻锈剂,但对于一维结构而言仅仅使用其中一种并不能保证结构50年的设计寿命.     

海工预应力混凝土氯离子侵蚀模型及耐久性

总结分析了国内外有关混凝土中氯离子侵入模型的研究概况,针对海工预应力混凝土结构,讨论了影响氯离子侵入预应力混凝土的各种因素．考虑混凝土与氯离子间的结合能力,建立了预应力混凝土氯离子侵入数学模型．以混凝土保护层厚度、氯离子扩散速度以及表面氯离子浓度为主要参数,运用可靠度理论,建立了海工预应力混凝土结构耐久性可靠度分析模型．分析结果表明：应力状态下。混凝土的氯离子有效扩散系数是变化的,其中混凝土的拉应力会加快氯离子的扩散,而压应力则相反;同时从耐久性分析中可知,混凝土保护层厚度对氯离子侵蚀下的PC结构耐久性影响最大,表面氯离子浓度及氯离子扩散速度次之．     

荷载作用下混凝土中氯离子传输研究进展

混凝土在实际工作中均受荷载和环境共同作用,而且相关研究已经证实荷载对混凝土耐久性的影响不容忽视.荷载作用会使混凝土的微细观孔隙结构发生变化,严重的会造成混凝土出现宏观裂缝,将会对混凝土抵抗氯离子侵蚀能力造成很大影响.从试验研究、数值模拟和氯离子传输修正模型3个方面,对荷载作用下混凝土中氯离子传输规律进行梳理,最后,针对现有研究存在的问题提出建议.     

掺复合胶凝材料混凝土的抗氯离子侵蚀性能

研究了矿粉、粉煤灰、硅灰等矿物外加剂对海工混凝土性能的影响,通过试验测定了掺复合胶凝材料的海工混凝土的电通量、氯离子表观扩散系数的变化规律,并对这种混凝土进行了恒电压钢筋锈蚀的试验,研究了矿物外加剂掺量与混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀性能的关系.研究结果表明,在硅酸盐水泥中掺加矿粉、粉煤灰、硅灰等矿物外加剂可以改善海工混凝土的综合性能.矿物外加剂的复合掺入比单独掺入对混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀性能的改善具有更加良好的效果.海工混凝土配制时应尽可能地采用复合多种矿物外加剂.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that