水溶液中共聚合成聚羧酸系高效减水剂及其性能

以活性大单体聚乙二醇单甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(MPEGMA)、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸酐和烯丙基磺酸钠为原料,在水溶液中共聚合成聚羧酸系混凝土高效减水剂.考察了单体的摩尔配比、引发剂种类和用量以及甲氧基聚乙二醇(MPEG)分子量等合成条件对减水剂性能的影响.结果表明,最佳的减水剂合成条件为:马来酸酐、MPEGMA、甲基丙烯酸和烯丙基磺酸钠摩尔比为3:4:1:2,引发剂过硫酸铵用量为单体总质量的2.0%,MPEG分子量为1 300.在上述条件下制备得到的聚羧酸减水剂具有良好的分散性和保塑性,掺入该减水剂0.3%(质量分数)的水泥净浆流动度可达到290 mm.     

头孢三嗪聚乙二醇催化合成研究

研究了聚乙二醇催化合成头孢三嗪的工艺,探讨了聚乙二醇分子量,用量,反应温度及反应时间等对缩合产物收率的影响。当用聚乙二醇－８００作为相转移催化剂,在二氯甲烷－水溶剂中于０℃反应４￣６ｈ收率９４％。     

酯交换法合成聚乙二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯

以甲氧基聚乙二醇(MEPG)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,采用酯交换法合成甲氧基聚乙二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯.实验中考察了反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量与阻聚剂的种类和用量对产物收率的影响.催化剂用量为反应液总质量的5%～6%,n(MMA)/n(MPEG750)=1.1,阻聚剂对苯二酚的用量为反应液总质量的0.3%.在该反应条件下,产品产率大于95%.     

聚乙二醇催化肉桂醛合成方法

研究了不同分子量的聚乙二醇和聚乙二醇不同用量对合成肉桂醛反应产率以及溶剂的影响，并且对该过程的催化作用进行了理论探讨。     

羧酸类共聚物AE减水剂的合成与分散性能研究

研究了以聚乙二醇醚接枝的不饱和酸共聚合成ＡＥ减水剂的方法及其分散性能,并对影响产物分散性能的几个因素进行了较为深入的研究。结果表明该合成方法成本低,与目前市面上的产品相比,操作简便,产品质量稳定,分散性能好。     

低分子量聚丙烯酸铵分散剂的合成研究

以丙烯酸为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,异丙醇为链转移剂和移热剂,合成了低分子量聚丙烯酸铵.研究了引发剂用量、链转移剂用量及聚合反应温度等因素对聚合产物分子量的影响.     

反应温度对LGV型无铬木质素磺酸盐降粘剂性能的影响

用木质素磺酸与一种含单宁的天然产物接枝共聚改性,再配以高价金属离子铬合,是当前无铬木质素类泥浆处理剂研制的一个新动向.本文对LGV产物的合成反应温度与其特性粘度吸附性能、水化耐盐性能、降粘性能的关系进行了探讨.研究表明:反应温度主要是通过影响LGV产物的平均分子量大小进而影响其吸附、水化、降粘性能;平均分子量太小,不利于产物的吸附与水化,平均分子量太大.则易使泥浆稠化;合成时应对此进行严格控制和调整,使LGV产物具有合理的平均分子量分布.     

有机蒙脱土改性羟基化聚酯的研究

羟基化聚酯可以用来制备可降解塑料,极具研究价值. 以双酚A环氧树脂和癸二酸为原料,苯甲酸为阻聚剂,开环聚合合成了羟基化聚酯. 研究了不同种类和用量的催化剂对产物相对分子量及多分散性的影响. 当有机蒙脱土的质量分数为10%时,产物的相对数均分子量可达13 459,相对重均分子量可达132 596,而多分散性仅为9.85,是插层型羟基化聚酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料.      

新型保坍型聚羧酸系减水剂的合成及性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法,将烯丙基聚乙二醇(APEG)与丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(MAS)共聚合成聚羧酸系减水剂,探讨了AA与APEG的摩尔比、AM与APEG的摩尔比、MAS与APEG的摩尔比、反应浓度、加料方式、引发剂用量(相对于所有单体质量和的百分比)、共聚温度和反应时间对所合成聚羧酸系减水剂性能的影响.结果表明:采用最佳合成工艺参数制备的减水剂在掺量仅为水泥用量的0.8％(质量分数)时就具有良好的减水率、保坍性.     

聚羧酸高效水泥减水剂的合成及性能

采用先酯化后共聚的方法合成聚羧酸系减水剂,考察以甲基丙烯酸(MMA)和甲氧基聚乙二醇(MPEG)为原料酯化合成大单体甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(MPEGMA)过程中阻聚剂对苯二酚用量、酸醇摩尔比、反应温度等对酯化率的影响.以大单体MPEGMA与马来酸酐、MMA和2丙烯酰胺基2甲基丙烷磺酸共聚合成聚羧酸类减水剂,考察减水剂合成过程中MPEG相对分子质量和引发剂过硫酸铵用量以及减水剂掺量对减水剂性能的影响.结果表明:阻聚剂质量分数为0.4%、酸醇摩尔比为1.5:1、反应温度为120℃时,酯化率可达到92.3%.当MPEG相对分子质量为1000、引发剂的质量分数为5%,合成的减水剂掺量质量分数为0.3%时,水泥的净浆流动度可达281mm.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with