Unique cyclic deformation behavior of a heavily alloyed Al–Si piston alloy at different temperatures

The cyclic deformation behavior of a near-eutectic Al–Si piston alloy with a variety of alloying elements is investigated. Due to the distinctive microstructure, the alloy exhibited various cyclic deformation characteristics at different temperatures. Unique double-stage cyclic hardening occurred at room temperature, while the first hardening was mainly caused by the interaction between the dislocations and the finely dispersive precipitates, and the dislocation/dislocation interaction resulted in the second hardening. At elevated temperatures (200 1C and 350 1C), the alloy mainly presented cyclic softening because of the fact that the thermally activated dislocations could bypass or shear the obstructive precipitates.     

Al2O3含量变化对CaO–SiO2–Cr2O3–Al2O3熔渣粘度及结构的影响

熔渣粘度对冶炼过程中渣金反应的传质有着至关重要的作用,适当的熔渣粘度能够有效促进渣金反应,提升传质效率。为了促进含铬熔渣中铬的回收利用,本文使用柱体旋转法研究了Al₂O₃含量变化对CaO-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃-Al₂O₃渣粘度和结构的影响规律。熔渣在高温下表现出良好的牛顿流体行为。当Al₂O₃含量从0%增加到10wt%时,酸性渣的粘度首先从0.825增加到1.141 Pa·s,然后当Al₂O₃含量进一步增加到15wt%时,粘度降低到1.071 Pa·s。当Al₂O₃含量从0增加到15wt%时,碱性炉渣的粘度首先从0.084增加到0.158Pa·s,然后当Al₂O₃含量进一步增加到20wt%时,粘度降低到0.135 Pa·s。此外,含Cr₂O₃的炉渣比无Cr₂O₃的炉渣需要更少的Al₂O₃才能达到最大粘度;对于酸性和碱性炉渣,熔渣粘度达到最大值所需的Al₂O₃含量分别为10%和15%。熔渣的活化能变化规律与粘度结果一致。拉曼光谱表明,熔渣中仅有少量Al₂O₃时,Al以[AlO₄]四面体形式出现,随着Al₂O₃含量的逐渐增加,[AlO₄]四面体被[AlO₆]八面体所取代,对硅酸盐结构的分峰解谱结果也与粘度结果一致。     

La2O3–Al2O3 –SiO2 glass-infiltrated 3Y-TZP all-ceramic composite for the dental restora tive application

The 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) powder had three particle size distributions, while the fine one was lower than 100 nm. The 3Y-TZP compact was prepared by dry-pressing under pressures ranged from 10 to 30 MPa and then presintered at 1250°C for 2 h. The matrix dry-pressed under the pressure of 20 MPa had a porosity of 16.7% and could be easily processed by computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and which had been infiltrated by the La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 glass at 1200°C for 4 h. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composite were 710.7 MPa and 6.51 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The low shrinkage (0.3%) of the composite can satisfy the net-shape fabrication standard. XRD results illustrated that zirconia in the La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-infiltrated 3Y-TZP all-ceramic composite was mainly in the tetragonal phase. SEM and EDS results indicated that the pores of the matrix were almost filled by the La2O3–Al2O3 –SiO2 glass     

Activity coefficient of NiO in SiO2-saturated MnO–SiO2slag and Al2O3-saturated MnO–SiO2–Al2O3slag at 1623 K

As a part of the fundamental study related to the reduction smelting of spent lithium-ion batteries and ocean polymetallic nodules based on MnO–SiO₂slags,this work investigated the activity coefficient of NiO in SiO₂-saturated Mn O–Si O₂slag and Al₂O₃-saturated Mn O–SiO₂–Al₂O₃slag at 1623 K with controlled oxygen partial pressure levels of 10^-7,10^-6,and 10^-5Pa.Results showed that the solubility of nickel oxide in the slags increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure.The nickel in the Mn O–Si O₂slag and Mn O–Si O₂–Al₂O₃slag existed as Ni O under experimental conditions.The addition of Al₂O₃in the Mn O–Si O₂slag decreased the dissolution of nickel in the slag and increased the activity coefficient of Ni O.Furthermore,the activity coefficient of Ni O(γN_(i O)),which is solid Ni O,in the Si O₂saturated Mn O–Si O₂slag and Al₂O₃saturated Mn O–Si O₂–Al₂O₃slag at 1623 K can be respectively calculated asγN_(i O)=8.58w(Ni O)+3.18 andγN_(i O)=11.06w(Ni O)+4.07,respectively,where w(Ni O)is the Ni O mass fraction in the slag.     

Fluoride evaporation and crystallization behavior of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–(TiO2) slag for electroslag remelting of Ti-containing steels

To elucidate the behavior of slag films in an electroslag remelting process, the fluoride evaporation and crystallization of CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–(TiO₂) slags were studied using the single hot thermocouple technique. The crystallization mechanism of TiO₂-bearing slag was identified based on kinetic analysis. The fluoride evaporation and incubation time of crystallization in TiO₂-free slag are found to considerably decrease with decreasing isothermal temperature down to 1503 K. Fish-bone and flower-like CaO crystals precipitate in TiO₂-free slag melt, which is accompanied by CaF₂ evaporation from slag melt above 1503 K. Below 1503 K, only near-spherical CaF₂ crystals form with an incubation time of less than 1 s, and the crystallization is completed within 1 s. The addition of 8.1wt% TiO₂ largely prevents the fluoride evaporation from slag melt and promotes the slag crystallization. TiO₂ addition leads to the precipitation of needle-like perovskite (CaTiO₃) crystals instead of CaO crystals in the slag. The crystallization of perovskite (CaTiO₃) occurs by bulk nucleation and diffusion-controlled one-dimensional growth.     

Fracture behavior and microstructure analysis of Al2O3–MgO–CaO castables for steel-ladle purging plugs

Three different castables based on the Al₂O₃–MgO–CaO system were prepared as steel-ladle purging plug refractories: corundum- based low-cement castable (C-LCC), corundum-spinel-based low-cement castable (C-S-LCC), and corundum-spinel no-cement castable (C-S-NCC) (hydratable alumina (ρ-Al₂O₃) bonded). The fracture behavior at room temperature was tested by the method of “wedge-splitting” on samples pre-fired at different temperatures; the specific fracture energy G′_f and notched tensile strength σ_NT were obtained from these tests. In addition, the Young’s modulus E was measured by the method of resonance frequency of damping analysis (RFDA). The thermal stress resistance parameter R′′′′ calculated using the values of G′_f, σ_NT, and E was used to evaluate the thermal shock resistance of the materials. According to the microstructure analysis results, the sintering effect and the bonding type of the matrix material were different among these three castables, which explains their different fracture behaviors.     

TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性

基于变插入层介电常数的多层绝缘结构能改善电场分布、提高真空沿面闪络特性.通过真空热压烧结制备了TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3(A-B-A)3层绝缘结构,A层w(TiO2)为0.5%到20%.测量了该绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性,发现闪络特性随w(TiO2)的增加而提高,当w(TiO2)为20%时,其脉冲初次闪络电压较同等厚度的Al2O3陶瓷提高了63%.研究发现:A层的介电常数可由w(TiO2)调控,介电常数的增大能有效降低真空-绝缘子-阴极三结合点处的电场强度;A层表面存在的TiO2颗粒可以减小二次电子发射系数并改善表面电荷分布;TiO2的电导率虽比Al2O3高,但其仍为绝缘体,即使TiO2含量较高时也不会形成贯穿的导电通道.     

环氧树脂胶粘剂粘结的Al2O3/Al层状复合材料

以环氧树脂胶粘剂为粘结剂,采用简单的常温模压方法,在5 MPa下经常温固化制备了Al2O3/Al层状复合陶瓷材料,考察了环氧树脂和固化剂质量比为1∶0.7、1∶0.8、1∶0.9和1∶1.0时胶粘剂的粘结强度.结果显示:当环氧树脂和固化剂的质量比为1∶0.8时,胶粘剂的粘结强度最大;在粘结接头中间添加不同表面研磨处理的铝薄片后,当进行单向研磨时环氧树脂胶粘剂的粘结强度较大.层状复合材料的显微结构显示,该复合材料的层间结合紧密;力学性能测试表明,该复合材料的抗弯强度虽比氧化铝稍低,但断裂韧性和断裂功得到了较大的提高,这得益于裂纹扩展过程中形成的多裂纹特征.     

电解负载法制备Pt/Al2O3/Al催化剂

以铝板阳极氧化生成的多孔质氧化膜为载体,采用电解负载法将铂负载在载体上,制得挥发性有机物催化燃烧的催化剂.从催化剂的负载量和催化活性出发,对电解负载的实验条件进行了探讨.研究结果表明,低浓度、低电流密度及较短的电解负载时间是较适宜的催化剂制备条件.实验还表明,利用电解负载法负载的催化组分在催化剂中分布均匀.     

1623 K时SiO2饱和的MnO–SiO2渣和Al2O3饱和的MnO–SiO2–Al2O3渣中NiO的活度系数

MnO–SiO₂二元系作为废旧锂离子电池、海洋锰结核还原熔炼过程中的基础渣型,测定有价金属（如镍）在渣中的溶解度、活度及活度系数热力学数据十分必要。为此,本文测定了温度1623 K、氧分压10?7,10?6,和10?5 Pa时SiO₂饱和的MnO–SiO₂渣和Al₂O₃饱和的MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃渣中NiO的溶解度和活度系数。结果表明:在试验条件下,镍在MnO–SiO₂渣和MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃渣中主要以NiO形式存在,且渣中NiO的溶解度随着氧分压增加而增加;向MnO–SiO₂渣中加入Al₂O₃可以降低渣中镍的溶解度,增加NiO的活度系数。此外,SiO₂饱和的MnO–SiO₂渣和Al₂O₃饱和的MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃渣中NiO的活度系数（γ_NiO,以纯固体NiO为参考态）可分别按如下公式计算:γ_NiO = 8.58w(NiO) + 3.18; γ_NiO=11.06w(NiO) + 4.07, 其中,w(NiO)为渣中NiO的质量分数。     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–4.6wt%MgO–Fe2O3废汽车催化剂熔炼渣系的冶金特性研究

本文系统地研究了废汽车催化剂（SAC）与含铜电镀污泥（CBES）协同熔炼过程中形成的CaO?SiO₂?Al₂O₃?4.6wt%MgO?Fe₂O₃五元渣系的冶金特性。通过傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、FactSage热力学计算和粘度测试研究了该渣系的熔渣结构、熔化温度和粘度特性。实验结果表明,Fe₂O₃含量（3.8wt%?16.6wt%）、CaO/SiO₂质量比（0.5?1.3）和SiO₂/Al₂O₃质量比（1.0?5.0）的提高可以促进硅酸盐网络的解聚,同时以四面体和八面体单元形式存在的大量Fe₂O₃确保了Al3+离子的电荷补偿,使得Al₂O₃仅表现为酸性氧化物。热力学计算和粘度测试结果表明,随着Fe₂O₃含量、CaO/SiO₂比和SiO₂/Al₂O₃比的增加,熔渣中发生硅酸盐网络结构解聚和低熔点相变,促进了熔点和粘度的降低;而进一步增加会导致新的高熔点物相形成,反而导致粘度和熔点回升。根据实验分析,优选的低聚合度、粘度和熔点炉渣组成为:Fe₂O₃含量为10.2wt%?13.4wt%,CaO/SiO₂比为0.7?0.9和SiO₂/Al₂O₃比为3.0?4.0。本研究为SAC和CBES协同熔炼过程中的炉渣设计提供了理论支持。     

Al2O3含量对Ni-P-Al2O3化学镀层性能的影响

通过化学镀的方法在45钢表面制得了Ni-P-A12O3镀层,并用维氏硬度计测量样品镀层的硬度,比较了不同A12O3含量对镀层硬度的影响,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对镀层的形貌进行观测,对其组织结构进行了分析.结果表明:在基体表面获得了A12O3颗粒均匀分布的Ni-P-A12O3镀层,镀层中主要元素为Ni、P以及Al;在一定含量范围内,镀层中的A12O3含量越高镀层的硬度就越高.     

Effect of Al2O3 and Y2O3 on the corrosion behavior of ZrO2-benzotriazole nanostructured coatings applied on AA2024 via a sol-gel method

zirconia-based nanostructured coatings were deposited on AA2024 to improve the corrosion resistance properties. Three different nanostructured coatings, namely, zirconia-benzotriazole, zirconia-alumina-benzotriazole, and zirconia-yttria-benzotriazole, were applied on AA2024 via a sol-gel method using the dip-coating technique. Next, the coatings were annealed at 150℃ after each dipping period. The phases and morphologies of the coatings were investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The corrosion properties were evaluated using electrochemical methods, including polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. The obtained results confirm the formation of homogeneous and crack free zirconia-benzotriazole-based nanostructured coatings. The average roughness values for zirconia-benzotriazole, zirconia-alumina-benzotriazole, and zirconia-yttria-benzotriazole nanostructured coatings were 30, 8, and 6 nm, respectively. The presence of alumina as a stabilizer on zirconia coating was found to have a beneficial impact on the stability of the corrosion resistance for different immersion times. In fact, the addition of alumina resulted in the dominance of the healing behavior in competition with the corrosion process of zirconia-benzotriazole nanostructured coating.     

CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3四元渣系Al2O3活度预测模型

高炉渣系各组元活度对高炉冶炼和产品质量具有重要的影响作用. 基于分子-离子共存理论,建立CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型;结合试验测定值对其进行验证与修正,最终建立了修正的CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型;同时,依据模型计算结果探究R(w(CaO)/w(SiO₂)),w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)和w(Al₂O₃)对Al₂O₃活度的影响. 研究结果表明:修正后的CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型具有较高的预测精度,能够很好地预测熔渣Al₂O₃活度;当w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)=0.40,w(Al₂O₃)=20%时,随着R增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐减小;当R=1.25,w(Al₂O₃)=20%时,随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐减小;当w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)=0.40,R=1.25时,随着w(Al₂O₃)增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐增大.     

TiO2微粉对Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料性能的影响

马克思的市民社会决定国家理论的形成,经历了一个思想交锋、自我批判、绵延提升直至最终导出唯物史观之创建的逻辑进程。马克思立足于《莱茵报》时期的感性经历,先后运用哲学、历史学和政治经济学的方法和知识对黑格尔理性国家观进行系统的理论清算,纠正了黑格尔的市民社会与国家关系的“历史错位”,首次确立了“社会本体论”原则。市民社会决定国家理论的形成是标志着唯物史观开始诞生的第一命题。分析马克思市民社会决定国家理论的发展脉络和演进逻辑,有利于澄清马克思市民社会理论与唯物史观的内在关联,科学评价市民社会理论在历史唯物主义中的历史地位。     

TiO2微粉对Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料性能的影响

以板状刚玉为骨料,配以电熔白刚玉、α-Al2O3、MgO和Cr2O3细粉以及secar71水泥结合剂制得Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料,研究添加TiO2微粉对浇注料性能的影响。结果表明,在Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料中加入TiO2微粉后,材料致密化程度增加、体积密度和冷态强度增大,且材料经高温烧成后由于生成钛酸铝而使材料抗热震性显著提高。但材料在高温下形成少量低熔相,且钛酸铝在750～1280℃下易分解为Al2O3和TiO2,使得材料的高温抗折强度降低。     

Yb2O3、Al2O3、TiO2对Yb-TZP材料性能的影响

用超细ZrO     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的Al2O3包覆研究

文章采用高温固相法合成尖晶石LiMn2O4,并采用液相包覆的方法对其进行改性处理。采用XRD、SEM、XPS以及电池测试系统等,研究了所制备材料的结构、组成、性能和包覆机理。实验结果表明:表面处理后的LiMn2O4循环性能显著提高,以A12O3对尖晶石LiMn2O4进行表面包覆,使LiMn2O4颗粒不与电解液直接接触,可以防止锰离子溶解在电解液中,获得结构稳定、循环性能优异的锂离子电池正极材料;同时Al2O3会和电解液中微量的HF反应,减小了HF对锰离子溶解的加速作用。