盐酸阿米替林壳聚糖微球的制备及其载药性能

以一种三环类抗抑郁药盐酸阿米替林为模型药物,采用乳化分散-化学交联法,以乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether,EGDE)为交联剂,制备了盐酸阿米替林壳聚糖微球,考察了其理化性质和释放性能.EGDE 两末端为环氧基团,与氨基反应生成-C-N-键从而起交联作用.所得微球球形规整,呈乳白色,释药速率随CS浓度增大而减慢,在酸性缓冲溶液中略大于碱性缓冲溶液中. 研究结果表明盐酸阿米替林-壳聚糖微球具有较好的药物缓释性能.     

盐酸阿米替林/壳聚糖微球的制备

以一种三环类抗抑郁药盐酸阿米替林为模型药物,采用乳化分散-化学交联法,以乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether,EGDE)为交联剂,制备了盐酸阿米替林壳聚糖微球,考察了其理化性质和释放性能.EGDE 两末端为环氧基团,与氨基反应生成－C－N－键从而起交联作用.所得微球球形规整,呈乳白色,释药速率随CS浓度增大而减慢,在酸性缓冲溶液中略大于碱性缓冲溶液中. 结果表明盐酸阿米替林-壳聚糖微球具有较好的药物缓释性能.     

拉米夫定-海藻酸钠/壳聚糖核壳结构微球的制备及释药性能

应用反相乳液分散-离子键合法,以戊二醛(GD)为交联剂制备负载拉米夫定的海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球(LAMV-SALG/CS). 利用拉米夫定的氨基与海藻酸钠的羧基形成弱酸弱碱盐键,使该药物被稳定包覆在微球内层,再以交联壳聚糖作为微球外层而形成具有核壳结构的复合微球. 对微球的理化性质及释药性能进行表征及研究. 结果表明,制备的LAMV-SALG/CS微球形貌规整,平均粒径约为2 m. 测得微球载药质量分数为116%,药物包封率为703%;CS的活性氨基和戊二醛的羰基结合,形成交联网络,药物被包覆在微球中,且以单分子形式存在. 体外模拟释放结果表明,微球释药性能良好,释药平缓,在酸性介质中累积释药率为27%时,其释药周期长达82 h;随制备微球时SALG浓度增大,药物释药速率减缓;在酸性介质中释药速率大于碱性介质;碱性介质合成的微球其释药速率快于弱酸性和弱碱性介质中合成的微球.     

壳聚糖载药微球的制备和体外释放研究

以壳聚糖(CS)和盐酸左氧氟沙星(LVFX)为原料,通过乳化交联法制备CS载药微球,应用显微镜、扫描电镜考察载药微球微观形态,建立恒温恒速流动药物溶出系统检测微球中药物体外释放特性和影响因素.结果发现:微球理化特性受壳聚糖脱乙酰度、壳聚糖醋酸溶液浓度、交联剂用量等工艺条件影响,微球载药量与壳聚糖降解程度、CS与LVDX...     

金雀异黄素∕壳聚糖微球的制备及其释药性能

制备了金雀异黄素/壳聚糖微球,考察了其理化性质和药物的缓释性能．结果表明,所得微球形状较规整,平均粒径2～4μm,载药质量分数为10.5%,药物包封率达质量分数52.5%．金雀异黄素以无定形聚集态分散在微球内部．微球中的药物有较好的缓释效果,而释药速率随投料比（药物/壳聚糖）的增大而增大,随反应介质pH的增大而增大．药物在酸性缓冲环境中的释药速率大于碱性缓冲环境中的释药速率．     

那格列奈壳聚糖微球的制备及其释放性能

采用乳化分散-化学交联法,以那格列奈(nateglinide)为模型药物,戊二醛为交联剂,制备了那格列奈壳聚糖微球,考察各种条件对所制备微球的理化性质和药物释放性能的影响.结果表明,所得微球球形规整,粒度分布均匀,呈黄褐色,平均粒径2.054 m,载药量为9.12%,药物包封率达48.9%.XRD分析结果表明,微球内部药物主要以无定形聚集态存在.体外模拟释放结果表明,微球有良好的平稳缓释性能.其释药速率随着壳聚糖浓度增大而减慢,在酸性介质中略大于在弱碱性介质中.     

离子交联法制备氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微球

以壳聚糖为药用载体,5-氟尿嘧啶为模型药物,三聚磷酸钠为离子交联剂,采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖微球制剂,考察处方和工艺因素对载药微球形态、包封率及体外释放行为的影响;采用扫描电镜、粒度分析仪和红外光谱对微球结构进行表征。结果表明:5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微球的包封率可达到77.8%,平均粒径为6.4μm,30 min时体外突释为21.3%,48 h以内的累积释药率为77.0%,缓释作用明显。     

诺氟沙星-壳聚糖微球的制备及释药性能

利用乳液一化学交联法,用水溶性壳聚糖（CS）与诺氟沙星（NFX）制备诺氟沙星-壳聚糖微球（NFX-CSM）。根据正交实验设计,考察投料比、交联剂用量、转速和反应温度对质量指标的影响,选出最佳制备工艺条件;利用扫描电镜,红外光谱和Zeta电位仪对载药微球进行表征;用药物溶出度仪检测NFX-CSM在不同pH值环境下的释药速率,并考察不同交联剂用量和投料比（m（CS）：m（NFX））所制备的载药微球对释药速率的影响;将大肠杆菌与NFX-CSM共培养,检测载药微球的抗菌效果。研究结果表明：在最佳制备工艺条件下,制得载药微球的平均粒径约为40m,球形圆整,分散性好,载药量和包封率分别为4．9％和42．3％;载药微球在不同pH值环境下均对药物有良好的缓释效果,其释药速率随交联剂用量的增加和投料比的增大而变小;NFX在CSM的协同抗菌作用下,抗菌效果明显增强。     

壳聚糖-5-氟尿嘧啶微球的制备

为了制备靶向型药物载体系统,采用超声乳化技术,以5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)为模型药物,液体石蜡为有机分散介质,Span 80为乳化剂,戊二醛为交联剂,对壳聚糖(CS)进行乳化交联,制备了壳聚糖-5-氟尿嘧啶(CS-5-Fu)微球.对超声频率为40 kHz时的制备条件进行了优化,优化条件为:戊二醛用量2 mL,CS浓度1.0%,5-Fu浓度1.0%.采用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜等对该条件下所得产物的结构和形貌进行了表征,采用紫外-可见光谱对其药物释放性能进行了研究.研究结果表明,CS-5-Fu微球外形为比较规整的球形,粒径在1~4μm之间,分布均匀,包封率为46.7%.在pH=7.2的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,CS-5-Fu微球在30 h内的累积释药率为60.4%,具有明显的缓释作用.     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠水凝胶的制备及其在药物控释中的应用

以戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,壳聚糖作为聚阳离子组分,海藻酸钠作为聚阴离子组分,制备了壳聚糖(CS)海藻酸钠(SA)水凝胶。探讨了改变溶液的pH值和交联剂用量等条件对两种水凝胶溶胀性能的影响。交联剂含量、pH对CS-SA水凝胶溶胀率的影响较大,且在酸性条件下的水凝胶的溶胀率远大于碱性条件下的溶胀率,包埋在此水凝胶中的牛血清蛋白(BSA)释放随载药介质的pH值的变化而显著不同,pH值为1.0条件下载药的水凝胶释药率大于pH值为7.4,9.18条件下的释药率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with