甘蓝型杂交油菜"蜀杂9号"种子纯度的RAPD鉴定

通过50个随机引物对“蜀杂9号”亲本进行RAPD扩增,选出了两个能在父、母本间产生多态性扩增的随机引物S18和S31,在杂种F,代中验证了它们的特异性和稳定性,证明随机引物S18和S31能分别在F1代中稳定扩增出父本和母本的特异标记片段S18750与S31550．对该引物的RAPD-PCR的反应体系优化后,对“蜀杂9号”父、母本和杂种F1代的单株进行了随机检测,结果表明这两个RAPD标记配合使用能稳定可靠地鉴定甘蓝型杂交油菜“蜀杂9号”种子的纯度．     

特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜青杂8号的选育

为了培育出在海拔2 900 m以上且年平均温度在0.5℃以下的地区(主要在青海省海北州和海南州)可以正常成熟的早熟双低甘蓝型油菜品种,并进一步扩大甘蓝型油菜在脑山地区的种植面积。利用甘白种间杂交创造出的优质特早熟甘蓝型种质资源作为亲本,选育出的不育系380A、保持系380B和恢复系187R,然后,进行三系配套并以该地区的白菜型油菜主栽品种浩油11号为对照,培育出早熟双低波里马细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种青杂8号。该品种适合在青海海拔2 900 m以上且年平均温度在0.5℃以下的区域种植,比该地区主栽品种浩油11号增产10%左右,因此,可替代该地区的白菜型油菜主栽品种浩油11号,也可以在热量条件较好的地区复种。     

甘蓝型油菜早熟杂交种绵油7号的选育

绵油７号是利用甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系绵１ＡＢ－５和绵灰１号配制而成的早熟杂交种,具有高产,优质,抗菌核病和适应性广等优良特性。在１０００ｋｍ＾２大田生产中取得了显著的增产效果。     

"青杂3号"油菜新品种高产栽培优化技术研究

采用二次饱和D-最优设计方案,研究青杂3号产量与种植密度、施肥量之间的关系,建立了各因素与产量指标间的数学模型,确定了青杂3号高产栽培技术优化方案：种植密度50．85～56．85万株,公顷,尿素施用量168．75～199．79kg／hm^2,磷酸二铵施用量444．38～496．13kg／hm^2。各因素对产量的影响程度依次为密度〉磷肥〉氮肥。     

甘蓝型油菜快速再生的研究

本文研究了器官、培养基、温度、硝酸银和植物激素等因素对甘蓝型油菜器官分化的影响，摸索出油菜再生的理想条件，并且从油菜苗期真叶、子叶、下胚轴、根和带子叶叶柄成功地再生出油菜植株。     

氮磷钾肥施用对春油菜青杂12号产量及养分利用效率的影响

为明确氮磷钾肥对春油菜养分吸收规律及养分效率的影响,在春油菜主产区进行田间小区试验,采用随机区组试验设计,试验5个处理分别是不施肥CK、NPK、缺氮PK、缺磷NK、缺钾NP,研究其对甘蓝型春油菜新品种青杂12号的产量、养分吸收量及养分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与不施肥处理相比,施用氮磷钾肥后籽粒产量显著增加(P0.05),平均增产107%,平均增加产量1 365 kg/hm~2;氮磷钾肥施用后对养分累积量有显著促进作用,以NPK处理累积量最高;氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率分别为10.5,5.8,4.5 kg/kg;养分利用率分别为43.8%,5.3%,14.9%;对春油菜籽粒产量贡献率分别为48.8%,13.4%,10.5%。在本试验条件中,对春油菜籽粒产量影响较大的是氮肥及磷肥,其次是钾肥;且氮磷钾肥共同施用才能达到高产目标和提高养分利用效率,能为春油菜区化肥减施提供理论依据。     

甘蓝型油菜EMS诱变材料的耐湿性鉴定与筛选

该研究以1 132份来自甘蓝型油菜中双9号和GH18的EMS诱变处理自交3代种子为材料,对芽期耐湿性进行综合评价.实验数据表明,EMS诱变后代的耐湿性存在广泛变异.以湿害处理的成苗率为指标进行初筛,有26％以上的材料成苗率高于50％.其中所选材料的5个耐湿性指标平均值均高于未诱变对照,各指标变异系数在0.106 6～0.485 3之间,变异丰富.用相对活力指数对其进行耐湿性分级,分别从GH18和中双9号的EMS诱变后代中筛选得到14个和2个强耐湿性材料,这16份材料可以作为甘蓝型油菜耐湿性育种的优异资源.     

7个不同国家的甘蓝型油菜品种配合力的研究

选用７个不同国家的甘蓝型油菜品种，按Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ方法Ⅱ配制７×７双列杂交的各种可能组合（不包括反交），估算其杂种优势和配合力。结果表明：（１）９个性状的杂种优势除株高与有效分枝高度处，其余性状的优势均可被利用；（２）９个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到了极显水平；（３）９４３是多种性状一般配合力效应值都较高的亲本，其次是韦斯鲁纳和甘油５号；（４）除少数性状外，大部分性状的广义遗传力均在５０     

抗病高产的番茄新品种——浙杂5号和浙杂7号

番茄是人们喜爱的农副产品,但因它在生育过程中病毒病的侵害日趋严重,致使产量和品质逐年下降,尤其对秋番茄的发展威胁更大。浙江省农科院园艺所运用生物技术,将引入抗病毒基因Manapal Tm-2nv后再转育而成的20T与矮T两品种作为母本,分别与自育品种101T6(父本)进行杂交,育成的浙杂5号和浙杂7号两个优良新品种,经过多年试种,已在生产上迅速推开,     

早熟高产杂交油菜绵油7号繁殖制种技术探讨

对绵油７号的繁殖制种进行了初步研究，总结了一套科学的繁殖制种规程和技术方法。制种的最佳行比为３：１，密度１２万／ｈｍ＾２较为适宜，繁殖制种区的隔离条件和制种田可育株的及时去除是确保种子纯度和关键。     

Heterotic patterns in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using exotic germplasm for Chinese semi-winter hybrid breeding

Chinese semi-winter rapeseed, genetically differing from winter and spring rapeseed, has been considered to possess strong potential as parent in winter and spring rapeseed hybrid breeding programs. However, no detailed researches have been documented whether winter and spring rapeseed lines have potential for Chinese semi-winter rapeseed hybrid breeding. The objectives of this study are to estimate the potential of winter and spring rapeseed for semi-winter rapeseed hybrid breeding, and to investigate the association of general combining ability (GCA) with adaptation of parental lines by combining with the data in our previous studies (Qian et al. 2007, 2009). Four winter and four spring male sterile lines were crossed with 14 Chinese semi-winter rapeseed lines to develop 112 hybrids, which were evaluated together with their parents for seed yield under three environments in China. The exotic parental lines were not adapted to local environments as demonstrated by late flowering, low seed weight and poor seed yield per se. However, the hybrids, especially derived from winter rapeseed exhibited strong heterosis for seed yield, indicating that winter rapeseed germplasm has a great potential for rapeseed hybrid breeding in China. Our data suggested a strong association of GCA with their adaptation ability of parental lines, since high to middle correlations were found for local parental lines and low correlations for exotic parental lines under spring, winter and semi-winter eco-growth environments. The hybrid breeding program using exotic germplasm in rapeseed was discussed.     

春性甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系的结实性评价

在两个环境条件下,考察了4个春油菜不育系的育性、花器性状和结实性.结果表明:4个不育系的育性稳定性和结实性差异较大,105A的不育性稳定且彻底,花瓣张开角度大(83.64°),结实指数和单株产量最高;318A和025A的育性稳定性较差,花瓣张开角度小(41.18°、44°),结实指数和单株产量均较低;改良144A的上述性状介于105A和025A之间.影响不育系结实指数的主要因素是花期闭蕾率和花瓣张开角度.花瓣张开角度小会增加蜜蜂从基部进入花朵内采蜜的几率,从而降低蜜蜂对不育系的授粉效果.     

Detection of DNA methylation changes during seed germination in rapeseed （Brassica napus）

DNA methylation is a common yet important modi- fication of DNA in eukaryotic organisms. DNA methy- lation, especially methylation of cytosine (m5C), have both epigenetic and mutagenic effects on various cellu- lar activities such as differential gene exp…     

Rationalizing the isolation distance needed for field trials involving genetically modified rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in China

The isolation distance required for field trials of genetically modified (GM) rapeseed varies widely worldwide, with a 50-400 m distance in most nations contrasting with a minimum 1000-m isolation distance in China. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relevance of current regulations in China regarding the isolation distance needed for GM rapeseed trials. A pollen flow experiment was conducted based on the design of concentric circles, with the GM plants in a 20-m diameter circle at the centre, surrounded by non-GM plants to a distance 60 m from the perimeter of the circle containing GM plants. The rate of pollen flow was the highest at the isolation distance of 0.5 m, where it ranged from 2.3091% to 2.6711%. The general pattern of the pollen flow rate (y) with distance (x) was well described by the equation y = 1.3936x-0.9136 (R 2 = 0.9950). The long-distance pollen flow tested at the isolation distance of 800 m was 0.0018%, which agrees with the theoretical prediction. The results suggested that 300 m, rather than 1000 m, is a reasonable distance to ensure a tolerable threshold of pollen flow (less than 0.01%) under conditions of winter rapeseed production in China.     

农杆菌介导的白芥防御素基因对甘蓝型油菜的转化

通过根癌农杆菌介导将正向和反向插入白芥防御素基因的pBI121重组质粒转入甘蓝型油菜的下胚轴,经组织培养和抗性筛选获得再生植株. PCR检测后,初步鉴定为阳性植株.     

甘蓝型油菜BnFAD8基因编码序列的克隆和表达谱分析

通过比对拟南芥等同源基因,克隆了甘蓝型油菜FAD8基因中的保守序列.以得到的FAD8（Fatty Acid Desaturase 8）保守序列片段为信息探针,在GenBank的EST数据库中检索高度同源的EST,并通过人工拼接及RTPCR得到油菜该基因的全长为1299 bp的cDNA序列,命名为BnFAD8.序列分析结果中发现该基因符合质体定位的ω3脂肪酸脱饱和酶序列特征.通过比较22 ℃和8 ℃处理的甘蓝型油菜的BnFAD8基因表达谱,发现该基因在常温下仅存在痕量表达;而在低温条件下在叶中表达出现