具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

三维集成图像技术及其在发展三维电视上的应用

集成图像技术是一种通过微透镜阵列来记录和显示全真的三维场景的三维图像技术。在众多三维图像技术中，这一技术十分有前景应用于三维电视的研制和开发中。本文对集成图像系统及它在三维电视工业中的应用给予了详细的描述。     

基于ArcEngine三维地形分析和可视化

基于ESRI公司提供的二次开发工具ArcEngine和C#编程语言,阐述了三维GIS的理论、方法及过程,实现了GIS数据的三维显示以及部分三维分析功能。     

基于鼠标跟踪的三维交互机制的研究

目的实现三维场景中符合自然习惯的六自由度的三维交互方式。方法在三维场景中建立一个和物理鼠标运动保持一致的3D鼠标(三维模型),3D鼠标在地图空间和视景体之内可以沿各个方向自由运动,超出时进行越界处理,以OpenGL的拾取机制为基础研究新的适用于3D鼠标的拾取方法。结果设计了一种基于鼠标跟踪的三维交互机制,描述了该机制的详细设计策略及原理,提出了3D鼠标运动、越界检测、拾取的有效算法,通过模拟实验实现了融于三维场景的真正意义上的3D鼠标。结论该3D鼠标操作逼真,能够在三维场景中自由运动、有效地进行越界检测以及精确地拾取三维场景中的物体,理论和实践证明该设计机制是可行的。     

基于X3D的三维虚拟城市的研究与实现

近年来传统方式建立的网站已经不能满足用户的需要,基于互联网的三维虚拟场景的应用不断涌现。本文基于最新的第二代网络立体设计语言X3D,结合Web3D开发工具及强大的建模工具3dsmax,设计了一套完善的开发三维虚拟城市网站的解决方案,应用该方案能够快速制作出产品级的三维网站。     

基于Unity3D平台的三维可视化校园系统开发研究

虚拟现实技术和三维建模技术是虚拟校园建设的主要技术. 以内蒙古师范大学赛罕校区为研究区域,利用GIS、遥感、三维建模技术、图像处理等技术进行了三维建模,全面、详细、生动地描绘出了校园的三维场景. 结果表明,Unity3D平台开发出的系统具备较好的开发接口,体现较强的直观性和跨平台性等特点,为用户提供了优越的体验和视觉效果.     

三维适形放射治疗计划中的三维可视化系统

在进行三维适形放射治疗之前，需要运用三维医学可视化技术，获取有关病灶区的三维视觉信息（病灶的体积、空间定位、病灶与重要器官间的相对位置等），并确定靶区，以供治疗与方案评估，从而实现精确地计划。本文根据三维适形放射治疗计划的需要，开发了用于三维适形放射治疗计划的三维可视化系统。实验证明，运用该三维可视化系统，可以达到预期目标。     

交互式空间三维距离测量

为将空间三维距离测量的质术应用于三维医学,三维地建模等系统中,采用面向对象的方法,对视屏的三物体,依据屏幕上拾取的坐标位置,经过空间映像的变换,得到三维物体上空间的坐标值,进一步计算得出该物体两点间的空间距离。     

基于医学图像的三维交互测量技术研究

三维测量技术在机器视觉、自动加工、工业检测以及生物医学等众多领域都具有重要意义和广阔的应用前景。但利用传统的测量方法,许多三维测量工作只能在基于面绘制的基础上进行表面点的测量,无法测量其内部结构组织。对此,提出了一种在体绘制基础上可对任意部位进行测量的方法;并以可视化类库VTK为基础,在Windows平台上,以VisualC++为开发工具,研究实现了一个三维医学模型测量系统。主要讨论了三维观察的具体过程和三维交互拾取技术,系统对诊断具有参考价值,为虚拟手术及远程医疗打下了良好的基础。     

OpenGL与3D Studio MAX结合实现三维仿真

介绍了一种利用OpenGL与3D Studio MAX结合在MFC下实现三维仿真的快捷方法，View3ds是把3D Studio MAx制作的*．3ds格式的三维模型转换成OpenGL格式的较好的软件，并且着重说明了其过程，该方法已经在OpenGL开发的用于舰船网络的三维视景仿真软件中实现，并且可以利用该方法实现虚拟现实。     

基于三维城市GIS的交互式三维隧道建模算法

为了建设城市地下空间三维GIS,解决城市地下隧道的三维建模问题,提出一种基于三维城市GIS的交互式三维隧道建模方法,详细讨论了交互式三维隧道建模的各个步骤以及交互控制、空间计算和三角剖分等算法,并以一个正在开展的三维城市GIS项目为基础,介绍了交互式三维隧道建模方法的应用。实践证明,交互式三维隧道建模方法相比传统方法操作更为方便,能够提高城市地下空间三维GIS的工作效率。交互式三维隧道建模方法将为基于三维城市GIS技术的城市空间信息化工作提供重要的技术支撑。