含盐条件下偶氮染料兼厌氧性生物的降解性能

研究活性染料与不同浓度葡萄糖共基质条件下的兼厌氧性生物降解性能和K-2BP在不同盐浓度条件下的兼厌氧性生物降解性能.选择K-2BP作为目标污染物进行静态反应器生物降解实验.结果表明,兼厌氧性微生物在只有K-2BP作为基质时对染料的降解率较低,葡萄糖存在时,能提高兼厌氧性生物对染料的降解能力;葡萄糖为800mg/L时6h染料降解率为64.1%,而葡萄糖浓度为1 000mg/L时,不利于染料降解,6h染料降解率为46%,与不投加葡萄糖情况的降解率接近.葡萄糖浓度为800mg/L,盐浓度分别为2g/L,5g/L,10g/L和20g/L,其一级降解动力常数分别为0.105 78mg/L.h,0.049 47mg/L.h,0.028 69mg/L.h,0.022 75mg/L.h;半衰期分别为6.99h,14.15h,22.55h,30.21h.随盐浓度梯度升高,染料的兼厌氧性降解动力学常数逐渐降低,高盐浓度会抑制兼厌氧性微生物对染料的降解.     

高效苯酚降解菌PDB1的筛选及降解特性研究

从一个焦化厂受污染土壤中分离获得一株具有高效降解苯酚能力的不动杆菌属细菌PDB1,以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源对该菌株降酚特性进行研究。结果表明:在初始苯酚浓度低于1 200 mg/L时,该菌株能够在60 h内完全降解苯酚;在更高苯酚浓度下,高浓度苯酚对菌株生长造成明显抑制,菌株降酚能力出现显著下降。对该菌株苯酚降解动力学过程进行模拟,苯酚降解符合基质抑制型的Haldane模型;当初始苯酚浓度低于144.56 mg/L时,苯酚比降解速率随苯酚浓度增大而增大;在苯酚浓度为144.56 mg/L时,得到最大比降解速率,苯酚浓度高于144.56 mg/L时,苯酚比降解速率逐渐下降。该菌株降解苯酚最适温度为25~40℃,p H为7.0~8.0,菌株具有良好的高盐分耐受性,能够耐受5%Na Cl浓度并取得良好降酚效果。     

LAS共代谢降解菌的降解动力学研究

研究2株直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)共代谢降解菌的降解动力学.分别对2株直链烷基苯磺酸钠共代谢降解菌克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella sp.)和肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)进行研究,通过正交实验考察了其最佳降解条件,并进行降解动力学研究.当温度为30℃,p H值为7.5,装液量为50 m L时,最适合两株细菌降解LAS.其中菌株L-2在生长基质葡萄糖质量浓度为500 mg/L时,对50 mg/LLAS降解率为94.2%;菌株L-15在生长基质葡萄糖质量浓度为1 000 mg/L时,对50 mg/LLAS降解率为92.2%;当LAS质量浓度在25~100 mg/L范围内,2菌株降解反应符合一级动力学特征.本研究可为全基质生活污水处理LAS废水提供一定的理论依据.     

苯酚降解菌SZH3的分离及降解特性的初步研究

自上海市苏州河中游分离得到一株兼性厌氧苯酚降解菌SZH3,该菌株能够在以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源的培养基上生长,经形态、生理生化以及16S rDNA序列特性分析,初步将该菌株鉴定为泛菌属(Pantoea sp.).进一步研究发现,在初始苯酚浓度为500 mg,/L时,SzH3的苯酚降解率在60 h内就可达到95.4%.该菌株最高可耐受浓度为1300 mg/L的苯酚,对苯酚最适降解条件为pH 7.0,温度30 ℃,转速200 r/min.     

聚环氧琥珀酸的微生物降解研究

用摇床培养实验方法,研究聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)在不同条件下的生物降解性能.结果表明:当接种物浓度为2g/L,而PESA浓度分别为800和50 mg/L时,PESA的生物降解率分别可达到52.56%,90.53%;当接种物浓度为0.1 g/L,而PESA分别为500和50 mg/L时,PESA的生物降解率分别可达到71.32%,84.05%.同时还做了PESA与其他阻垢剂的生物降解性的比较实验,结果表明:生物降解性与聚合物的分子结构有很大关系,分子结构决定聚合物的降解快慢及其能否完全降解.     

高效苯酚降解菌的筛选及其降解特性分析

以苯酚为唯一碳源利用梯度富集培养,从湖北省孝昌县污水处理厂曝气池的活性污泥中分离筛选出一株高效苯酚降解菌株,经16S r DNA序列分析,初步鉴定菌株为Rhodococcus biphenylivorans,命名为Rhodococcus biphenylivorans sp.B403(嗜联苯红球菌B403).该菌株在含苯酚500 mg/L的无机盐培养基处理30 h后,其OD600达到最高0. 974,苯酚降解率达到98%.比较不同培养基的菌株生长曲线和降解曲线发现,在苯酚-LB-无机盐混合培养基中菌株稳定期生物量比LB培养基高出30%～40%,15 h降解苯酚效率达到99%以上,18 h内实现苯酚完全降解,苯酚降解效率最佳,显著高于目前已报道菌株.说明在其他有机碳源存在的条件下,更有利于嗜联苯红球菌B403生长.该菌株可用于含酚类污染物的有机废水处理及有机质丰富的酚类污染土壤修复.     

苯酚降解菌株GXY-1分离鉴定、降解及其粗酶特性研究

从处理石化废水的活性污泥样品中分离得到一株能以苯酚为唯一碳源生长的菌株GXY-1.通过形态特征、生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定菌株GXY-1属于布鲁氏杆菌属(Brucella sp.).实验结果表明,菌株GXY-1对土霉素和四环素不敏感,其降解苯酚的最佳条件为温度30℃,pH7.0.在最佳条件下,GXY-1对600mg/L苯酚的降解率在60h时达99%以上.同时GXY-1还可以利用苯胺、萘、氯苯等芳香化合物为唯一碳源生长.测定了降解途径中相关酶的活性,表明菌株GXY-1是通过邻苯二酚1,2双加氧酶催化开环来降解苯酚.该菌株粗酶的最适反应pH为7.8,最适反应温度为40℃.     

以光催化氧化与生物降解一体式反应器处理苯酚的研究

将TiO2催化剂与生物膜组合为一体,开发了一种光催化氧化与生物降解一体式反应器,并用于苯酚的处理.分别比较5种方法降解苯酚的效率,即在单独的光催化氧化、单独的生物方法、先光催化氧化再生物降解、先生物降解再光催化氧化以及光催化氧化与生物降解一体化等条件下的降解效率,重点比较苯酚矿化的程度.结果表明:采用单独的生物方法对苯酚进行降解时,苯酚的降解速率比单独的光催化氧化要快,但两种方法对苯酚的矿化程度较低,即相应的COD去除率小于50%.当光催化氧化/生物降解和生物降解/光催化氧化分别进行分步组合并对苯酚进行降解时,苯酚的降解效率有所提高,相应的COD去除率分别提高到70%和60%.而采用光催化氧化与生物降解一体化方法对苯酚进行处理时,苯酚的降解效率进一步提高,同时COD的去除率高达95%以上.     

2 3-二羟基联苯酶促降解及编码酶基因扩增

一株新分离的联苯降解菌Dyella ginsengisoliLA-4的细胞粗提物可以降解邻苯二酚类化合物生成间位开环产物.实验证明菌株LA-4中的2,3-二羟基联苯1,2-双加氧酶(BphC)为组成酶.以2,3-二羟基联苯、邻苯二酚和4-氯邻苯二酚为底物时,酶的比活分别是7.37、0.2和0.06 U/mg.考察了金属离子及抑制剂对酶活性的影响.金属离子对酶活性影响的结果表明Fe2+能促进粗酶对邻苯二酚和4-氯邻苯二酚的降解,但对2,3-二羟基联苯却起到抑制作用.当氧化性抑制剂H2O2的浓度大于1 mmol/L时酶活完全丧失,说明其属于Fe(Ⅱ)依赖型外二醇双加氧酶类.通过PCR方法扩增出菌株LA-4中bphC基因的保守区,其序列与已知bphC基因相似性约为73%.     

双酚A高效降解菌的筛选与降解特性

从受双酚A严重污染的土壤中获得菌种, 分离纯化筛选出优势菌种, 经驯化培养增强其降解能力. 一株最高效的菌种经形态鉴定其为短杆菌. 通过摇瓶实验考察了生长条件对该菌株生长和底物降解的影响, 在双酚A浓度为50.18 mg/L时得出其最适合的生长条件为： pH=4, NH₄Cl=4.12 mg/L, KH₂PO₄ =0.946 4 mg/L, 降解双酚A饱和溶液的最佳接种量为5%, 8 d后降解率可达到71.79%.     

Degradation of the antibiotic sulfamonomethoxine sodium in aqueous solution by photo-Fenton oxidation

In this study, photo-Fenton oxidation was applied to degradation of sulfamonomethoxine sodium (SMMS) in aqueous solution. The operation parameters of pH, temperature, and concentrations of H2O2, Fe2+ and SMMS were investigated. The optimum conditions for the photo-Fenton process were determined as follows: [SMMS]=4.53 mg/L, pH 4.0, [H2O2]=0.49 mmol/L, [Fe2+]= 19.51 μmol/L and T=25°C. Under these conditions 98.5% of the SMMS degraded. The kinetics were also studied, and degradation of SMMS by the photo-Fenton process could be described by first-order kinetics. The apparent activation energy was calculated as 23.95 kJ/mol. Mineralization of the process was investigated by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the COD decreased by 99% after 120 min. This process could be used as a pretreatment method for wastewater containing sulfamonomethoxine sodium.     

Catalytic oxidation of phenol in wastewater-A new application of the amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy

The amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy was used as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst in the process of phenol degradation.The influences of main operating parameters such as reaction temperature,catalyst amount,hydrogen peroxide dosage and initial pH of solution on phenol degradation rate were investigated.The maximum mineralization of phenol was achieved at 60°C,6 g/L Fe78Si9B13, 0.31 mol/L hydrogen peroxide,with an initial pH of 2.5.More than 99%of phenol was completely removed under the optimum conditions within 10 min for a solution containing 1000 mg/L of phenol.Batch experiments for solutions containing phenol con- centrations ranging from 50 to 2000 mg/L were investigated under the above conditions and the same excellent degradation rate was obtained.The Fe78Si9B13 showed better catalytic activity than iron powder and Fe 2+ .Addition of n-butannol(hydroxyl radical scavenger)decreased the degradation rate of phenol,which demonstrates that hydroxyl radicals were mainly responsible for the removal of phenol.We demonstrated that phenol may be degraded by hydroxyl radicals decomposed by hydrogen peroxide on the surface of Fe78Si9B13 and illustrated the reaction mechanism for this process.This amorphous alloy exhibited high stability in recycling experiments and showed excellent reuse performance even after continuous operations of 8 cycles.     

苯酚高效降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

从某焦化厂处理废水的活性污泥中筛选到一株苯酚高效降解菌(Wust-C),该菌属革兰氏阴性菌.对Wust-C降解苯酚的特性进行试验研究.结果表明,在初始苯酚浓度为1 000 mg/L的试样中,培养24 h后,Wust-C对苯酚的降解率可达98％;初始苯酚浓度为300 mg/L试样中的苯酚可在8h内完全降解.采用海藻酸钠对菌体进行固定化后,Wust-C的降酚效率进一步得到提高.培养24 h后,固定化Wust-C对初始苯酚浓度为1 200 mg/L试样中的苯酚降解率达到100％,初始苯酚浓度为300 mg/L试样中的苯酚可在4h内完全降解.Wust-C的加入对混合菌群降解苯酚起到了促进作用.     

高效液相色谱测定废水中的苯酚

建立苯酚及其降解产物（邻苯二酚,间苯二酚,对苯醌）的高效液相色谱分析方法,用甲醇：水为50：50作流动相,在25℃以0．5ml／min的流速进样分析．线性范围为2-10mg／L,采用外标法定量,苯酚及其降解物的相对标准偏差和回收率分别为0．4％．1．6％和95．3％．101．6％,检出限为0．0735-0．1298mg／L．该方法准确,高效,适用于苯酚及其降解产物的分离测定．     

一株降酚菌的分离鉴定及降解性能研究

一株从土壤中分离的能够降解苯酚的菌株,经形态观察和16S rDNA鉴定,确定为无色杆菌属。对不同温度、pH值、盐度以及不同苯酚质量浓度培养基中菌株的生长和苯酚降解效率进行了研究,结果表明：该菌株能在30 ℃、67 h内完全降解600mg/L的苯酚,并能对1000 mg/L的苯酚起到降解作用;在温度为30 ℃、pH=7、盐度为0.3%时,该菌株的生长及苯酚降解效率较好。     

活性炭纤维复合阴极材料电芬顿降解苯酚

以活性炭纤维毡(ACF)为基体制备出了ACF-OMC、ACF-C-TiO2、ACF-TiO23种活性炭纤维复合材料,作为电芬顿反应的充氧阴极.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、N2物理吸附-脱附对材料进行了表征,以苯酚模拟特征污染物,对3种复合材料的电芬顿性能进行了比较研究.高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测结果表明:3种活性炭纤维复合阴极材料均显著提高了对污染物的降解效果;苯酚降解的准一级速率常数依次为:ACF-OMCACF-C-TiO2ACF-TiO2ACF.液质联用(LC-MS)显示:电芬顿降解苯酚的主要中间产物为苯醌和邻苯二酚,ACF-OMC充氧阴极对中间产物同样表现出最高的降解能力.     

钛基金属氧化物阳极的制备及其对有机物废水处理的研究

利用DSA(形稳阳极)电极改性来使电化学具备其他支撑功能.使用电化学氧化方法对模拟苯酚废水进行了降解,制备了锰锑掺杂的钛基Sn O2电极,以期能延长电极寿命,提高降解效率.通过SEM(扫描电子显微镜)、XRD(X射线衍射)、循环伏安曲线、强化寿命测试等方法,对自制电极进行表征和分析,并对影响因素进行了系统研究.结果表明,改性后的DSA电极活性和稳定性有大幅提高,析氧电位达2.3 V,加速寿命达42 h,在最佳条件下处理质量浓度为100 mg/L的苯酚废水,去除率在8 h后达到89.26%.     

CuMn_2O_4/NiMn_2O_4近常温热催化降解亚甲基蓝研究

采用高温固相合成法制备Cu Mn2O4/Ni Mn2O4热敏催化剂,通过XRD、TEM、TGA、UV-vis和SEM等手段对样品进行了表征,研究了近常温热催化降解亚甲基蓝有机污染物。结果表明:亚甲基蓝底物质量浓度分别为30、40和50 mg/L时,随着温度从30、35到40℃的升高,去除率分别达到68.35%、79.64%和88.89%;在完全遮光、40℃、亚甲基蓝底物质量浓度为30 mg/L和热敏催化剂用量45 mg的条件下,经过48 h热催化降解过程,最佳降解率达到最优。此外,利用GC-MS对降解产物进行了分析,发现降解的主要产物为二氯甲烷和甲苯,由此证明亚甲基蓝确实发生了降解反应,且其降解程度也比较彻底。综上所述,近常温热催化降解途径将为未来工业废水处理提供潜在解决方案。     

Degradation of 2, 4-D acid using Mn2+ as catalyst under UV irradiation

In this paper, the oxidative degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) using Mn²⁺/H₂O₂ reagent under UV irradiation was studied. The results show that 2, 4-D was degraded more completely in Mn²⁺/H₂O₂ solution than traditional Fenton solutions. The effects of the concentration of Mn²⁺, H₂O₂ and pH were also investigated. And under the optimal condition of 1.48×10⁻⁴ mol/L, 8.99×10⁻⁵ mol/L and pH 3.38, the formation of ·OH was the most, both the decomposition rate of H₂O₂ and the degradation rate of 2, 4-D were the fastest. In addition, the photoreaction process was monitored using spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the results indicated that the oxidative process was predominated mainly by the hydroxyl radical (·OH) gennerated in the system. Biography: HUANG Yingping (1964–), Professor, Ph. D., research direction: pollution ecology and water pollution control.     

Treatment of Wastewater Containing Polyacrylamide Using Three Dimensional Electrodes

A method using three-dimensional electrode is applied to treat wastewater in oil fields, which contains polyacrylamide (PAM), for analogue. A best condition for electrolysis (I=1.0 A, t=90 min, c=0.1%, m=980 g,φ =5 mm, d=5.0 cm) has been determined, under which the COD removal efficiency reached 96.0%, COD containing in wastewater reduced to 64.3 mg/L from 1 622.9 mg/L, the figure before treatment. Three categories of PAM-containing wastewater in production practice have been treated with the COD removal ratios being 87.5%, 82.4% and 84.7% respectively. Presence of H_2O_2 and·OH are detected by means of Ti(Ⅳ)-5-Br-PADAP technique and colorimetry respectively. The concentration is positively proportional to the COD removal ratio and increases in accordance with increment of time of electrolysis and current.