Overinhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inducing Tau Hyperphosphorylation

To reveal the relationship between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and tau phosphorylation, we used different concentration of PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK (MAPK kinase), to treat mice neuroblastma (N2a) cell line for 6 h. It showed that the activity of MAPK decreased in a dose-dependent manner. But Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed that just when the cells were treated with 16μmol/L PD98059, tau was hyperphosphorylated at Ser396/404 and Ser199/202 sites. We obtained the conclusion that overinhibited MAPK induced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396/404 and Ser199/202 sites.     

Spatial Memory Deficit and Tau Hyperphosphorylation Induced by Inhibiting PP2A in Rat Brain

Hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） brain appears to be caused by a down-regulation of protein phospbatase 2A （PP2A）. In this study, we selectively inhibited PP2A by injection of okadaic acid （OA） into the Meynert nucleus basalis of rats and found that 0.4 pmol of OA injeetion induced approximately 60% inhibition of PP2A 24 h after injection, 13% inhibition 48 h after injection and no obvious inhibition 72 h after injection. Hyperphosphorylation of Tau at Ser-198/ Ser-199/Ser-202 and Ser-396/Ser-404 and spatial memory deficit of rats were induced 24 h after 0. d prnol of OA injection. This study suggests that a dowreregulation of PP2A may underlie almormal hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins leading to neurofibrillary degeneration in AD.     

Convergence in the<Emphasis Type="Italic">r</Emphasis>-th mean and the Marcinkiewicz type weak law of large numbers for weighted sums of<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>q</Subscript>-mixingale arrays

L _r convergence and convergence in probability for weighted sums ofL _q-mixingale arrays have been discussed and the Marcinkiewicz type weak law of large numbers forL _q-mixingale arrays has been obtained. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10071058) Biography: Gan Shi-xin (1939-), male, Professor, research direction; martingale theory, probability limiting theory and Banach space geometry theory.     

Pollen Morphology of Artemisia L. and Its Systematic Significance

The pollen of 57 species representing 7 sections of Artemisia was examined hy light microscope and scanning microscope for the purpose to elucidate the systematic relationships of the genus. The examination indicates that the pollen grains present high concordance which is characterized by the globular or the appruximate shape. 3-lobed circular from polar view while granular or ellipse sphere from tropical plate with tricolporate structure. The exinc of pollen has an obvious double structure of inner and outer layers (including the tecturn and columnar layers) where the outer is thicker than the inner and the sculpture of exine degenerates into small spinules easily distinguishable from other genera of the Compositae. Based on cxine sculpture, the pollen grains of Artemisia can be divided into two types: Myriantha type and Mongolica type, which possesses 4 subtypes according to the distribution forms of spinulc: (1) Sacrorum subtype, (2) Oligocarpa subtype, (3) Lavandulaefolia subtype. (4) Anomale subtype.     

Bridging of Calixarenes with N, N＇-Bis（Chloroacetyl） Propylenediamine

A new bridging reagent, N, N‘-bis (chloroacetyl) propylenediamine was used to explore the relativeactivity and bridging pattern of p-ten-bury lcalix [4] arene, p-tert-butylcalix [6] arene and butylcalix [8] arene. It wasfound that the bridging reaction is selectively, at least, preferably at 1, 3-position for p-tert-butylcalix [4] arene and p-tert-butylcalix [6] arene, 1,5-position for p-tert-butylcalix [8] arene. Taking the yield of bridged calixarene as a compar-sion standard, the activity decreases with the increasing of the number of phenolic units in calixarene.     

Characterization of uniform PL-convexity of complex Banach space by functions with two variables

We give a new characterization ofq-uniform PL-convexity of complex Banach space by using the existence of a kind of functions with two variables and then prove a sharp weak (1, 1)-type inequality for analytic martingales with values in the Banach space. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Biography: HUANG Hai-jun (1976-), male, Ph D candidate, research interests are in martingales and functional analysis.     

Purification and Characterization of an Antibacterial Protein from the Cultured Mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis

0 IntroductionAlnattie mdicfrroobmiala p wriodteei nvsar iheatdy boefe linv ifnogun odr gaanndis ismos--Bacteria[1], fungi[2 ,3], plants[4]and ani mals[5].Those proteins displayed a wide spectrumof anti mi-crobial activity against different species of viruses ,bacteria andfungi .Over the past few years ,several anti microbialpeptides and proteins were foundinfungus ,such asAFP fromAspergillus giganteus[6], Anafp fromAspergillus niger[7], Zygocin fromthe yeastZy-gosaccharomyces bailii[8],an…     

Verifiable （ t, n） Threshold Signature Scheme Based on Elliptic Curve

Based on the difficulty of solving the ECDLP (elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem) on the finite field, we present a (t, n) threshold signature scheme and a verifiable key agreement scheme without trusted party. Applying a modified elliptic curve signature equation, we get a more efficient signature scheme than the existing ECDSA (ellipticcurve digital signature algorithm) from the computability and security view. Our scheme has a shorter key, faster computation, and better security.     

The expression of vasa gene during zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) oogenesis

vasa gene expression pattern during oogenesis of zebrafish was examined usingin situ hybridization and fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. During zebrafish oogensis,vasa mRNA is expressed strongly and uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm in stage II oocytes, followed by a distribution among vacuome in stage III. Later in stage IV and V,vasa mRNA is enriched at the cortex and finally localized at the cortex. The fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR shows that the quantity ofvasa mRNA decreases from stage II to stage III, but remains relatively invariable from stage III to stage V. The observed differences invasa mRNA expression in the different stages of zebrafish oogenesis suggest thatvasa gene plays an important role during oogenesis. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30370744, 30150005) Biography: XIANG Fang (1979-), male, Master candidate, research direction: molecular development of animals.     

Bis(7)-tacrine ameliorates cognitive impairment caused by cerebral hypoperfusion in rats

The effects ofbis(7)-tacrine, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on cognitive impairment and neuronal degeneration induced by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (2VO) were investigated using the Morris water maze in rats. Once daily oral administration ofbis(7)-tacrine (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg·kg⁻¹) was started 14 days after 2VO operation. Over a three-week treatmentbis(7)-tacrine effectively reversed 2VO-induced spatial memory deficits in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, histological observation showedbis(7)-tacrine decreased the neuropathological changes in the 2VO rats brain. These results suggest thatbis(7)-tacrine has therapeutic potential for the treatment of dementia caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 30170335) Biography: Peng Feng-fang(1966-), female Master, research direction: Alzheimer's disease and ischemia     

Study on the action of sodium selenite on the mitochondria metabolism of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus</Emphasis> hybrid carps liver by microcalorimetry

By using an LKB-2277 bioactivity monitor and ampoule method, the fundamental thermogenesis curves of the metabolic process of liver mitochondria fromCarassius auratus hybrid carps and the toxic effect of Na₂SeO₃ on it were studied at 28°C. From the thermogenesis curves, the thermokinetic equations were established under different condition. The kinetics show that Na₂SeO₃ has toxic action on the metabolism process ofCarassius auratus hybrid carps liver mitochondria. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (29973030, 30170010 and 5020310), Chenguang Project of Wuhan and National Postdoctor Foundation of China Biography: Li Xi (1968-), female, Associate pofessor, research direction: biothermochemistry and biomaterials.     

Preparation of (R)- and (S)-2-Allyl-1, 3, 2-dinaphtho (α, β) [d.f] dioxaborepin and their reactions with aldehydes

(R)- and(S)-2-Allyl-1,3,2-dinaphtho (α,β) [d.f] dioxaborepin ((R)-2 and(S)-2) have been first prepared by the reaction of(R)-(+)- or(S)-(−)-1, 1′-bi-2-naphthol and triallylborane in THF at room temperature, respectively.(S)-2 and(R)-2 are sensitive to moisture and oxygen in air and disproportionate easily to triallylborane and 1,1′-bi-2 naphthyl bis (1,1′-bi-2-naphtholborate) at ambient temperature. However, THF is a stabilizer for them. The reactions of(R)-2 or(S)-2 and some aliphetic or aromatic aldehydes in CH₂Cl₂ at −78°C for several hours afforded β-alkylenyl alcohols in up to 84.8%ee. Among them, optically active 1-(3, 5-dichlorophenyl)-3-butenol and 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-butenol were first prepared Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29972033) Biography: Liu Dejun (1973), male, Ph. D, research direction: asymmetric synthesis     

Hausdorff Measure of Linear Cantor Set

We study the Hausdorff measure of linear Cantor set E,on the unit interval,under the strong seperated condition.We give a necessary and sufficient condition for (E) =|E|^α by using the contracting ratio and the first gap.This condition is easy to use.     

Finite Indeterminacy of Homogenous Polynomial Germs under Some Subgroups R1（r） of R

Using the finite determinacy relation with the regular sequence in the Ring Theory and the complete intersection in Analytic Geometry, the finite indeterminacy of homogeneous polynomial germs under some subgroups R1（r） of R in both real and complex case is proven by the homogeneity of the polynomial germs. It results in the finite determinacy of homogeneous polynomial germs needn＇t be discussed respectively.     

Wigner frequency point slice analysis of superposition data for phased-array ground penetrating radar

According to the frequency property of Phasedarray ground penetrating radar (PGPR), this paper gives a frequency point slice method based on Wigner time-frequency analysis. This method solves the problem of analysis for the PGPR‘s superposition data and makes detecting outcome simpler and detecting target more recognizable. At last, the analytical, results of road test data of the Three Gorges prove the analytical method efficient.     

Improved Authenticated Multi-Key Agreement Protocol

Zhou et al give an attack on Ham＇s modified authenticated multi-key agreement protocol, and give a protocol that can prevent the unknown key-share attack. The paper points out that the protocol is vulnerable to a concatenation attack. This paper proposes an improved authenticated multi-key agreement protocol which shows how to make Harn＇s protocol more secure by modifying the signature and verification. And this protocol can escape the concatenation attack.     

Statistical Characteristics of the Complexity for Prime-Periodic Sequences

Using the fact that the factorization of x^N-1 over GF(2) is especially explicit, we completely establish the distributions and the expected values of the linear complexity and the k-error linear complexity of the N-periodic sequences respectively, where N is an odd prime and 2 is a primitive root modulo N. The results show that there are a large percentage of sequences with both the linear complexity and the k-error linear complexity not less than N, quite close to their maximum possible values.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyamide-Containing 2, 6- （Substituded） pyridine Derivatives

0 IntroductionPayrriodminaetiics hoenteer oofc ythcleics m .os tC oambupnoduanndts a cnodn tbaeisntin kgno twhnepyridine ring are widely distributedin nature,principally asenzymes and alkaloids . Pyridine enzymes have been foundintissues of all plants and ani mals examined thus far ,andare derivedfromeither nicotinic acid or Vitamin B6[1].Pyr-idine derivatives are also the building block of many phar-maceuticals with a wide range of functionalities that includeantitubercular compounds ,antivi…     

Capillary electrophoresis in the presence of fosfomycin

Fosfomycin, a sodium salt ofcis-(3-methyloxiranyl) phosphonic acid, was used as electrolyte in binary methanol-water media for capillary electrophoresis. The variety of electroosmotic flow with pH^*, methanol concentration and ionic strength was investigated. The migration behavior of nine bases was examined under various conditions, and the separation of thymine, cytosine, 5-flurouracil, 4, 6-diamino-pyrimidine, purine was accomplished. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (29875020) Biography, XIE Min-Jie (1976-), male, Ph. D candidate, Research direction: capillary electrophoresis.     

Molecularly imprinted polymer for theophylline retention and molecular recognition properties in capillary electrochromatography

0　IntroductionMolecularimprinting[1 ] isatechniquebasedoncreatingcavities,inahighlycross linkedpolymermatrix ,thatcorrespondtothesizeandshapeoftheprintmolecule .Themolecularrecognitioneffectisaconsequenceofthepresenceinthepolymerizationmixtureoftemplatemoleculescapableofestab lishingnon covalentinteractionswithmonomerandcross linkers.Molecularlyimprintedpolymers (MIPs)havebeenusedaschromatographicstationaryphases[2 ,3] includingcapillaryelec trochromatography ,asselectivematerialsforbiosenso…