活性粒子注入烟气同时脱硫脱硝实验

采用强电场电离放电技术制取高浓度活性粒子和引发剂,并注入烟气中氯化脱硫脱硝,副产物为硫酸和硝酸,整个过程无催化剂和吸收剂.实现了干法同时脱硫脱硝.并研究了活性粒子注入量、气体温度和气体含水量对同时脱硫脱硝的影响.结果表明,活性粒子注入量是影响脱硫脱硝效率的决定因素,NOx优先SO2脱除,该方法脱硝率可达100%,脱硫率高于60%.温度是影响同时脱硫脱硝效率的另一个主要因素,烟气温度的增高不利于SO2和NOx的脱除.水在羟基自由基形成以及脱硫脱硝过程中起着重要作用,适当增大含水量,可促进SO2、NOx脱除.     

添加剂对电晕放电烟气脱硝效率和NOx转化影响

为提高脉冲流光电晕放电烟气脱硝效率,实验研究了丙烯和氨气注入对烟气脱硝效率和NO/NOx转化的影响.在能耗为7.5 kJ/m3,丙烯和氨气分别按照与一氧化氮物质的量比为1注入的条件下:单独注入丙烯时,NO和NOx脱除率分别达到82%和22%,NO主要氧化生成NO2脱除;单独注入氨气, NO和NOx脱除率分别达到45%和37%,NO2的生成量较低;氨气和丙烯同时注入时,NO和NOx脱除率分别达到60%～76%和50%～60%,一氧化氮和氮氧化物的脱除率都得到提高,二氧化氮的生成得到抑制.因此为有效脱除NOx,烟气中同时注入丙烯以及易与NO2反应的添加剂是必要的.     

电晕放电自由基注入提高烟气脱硫效率的研究

为提高脉冲电晕放电烟气脱硫效率,利用脉冲电晕放电脱硫反应器,采用自由基注入技术,研究氨气和水蒸气对电极放电特性的影响,以及氨、羟基自由基注入和一氧化氮存在对脉冲电晕放电烟气脱硫效率的影响.实验结果表明,氨气注入时,电晕电流略有增加,水蒸气注入时,电晕电流降低.采用电晕放电氨、羟基自由基注入系统,能耗增加约0.36 W·h/m3,但可提高脉冲电晕放电烟气脱硫效率约14%,总脱硫效率达到90%;NO将促进SO2的热化学反应脱除,烟气中注入体积分数为125×10-6NO,二氧化硫脱除率可提高约15%,能耗小于2.4 W·h/m3时,SO2脱除率大于90%.     

添加剂在脉冲放电烟气脱氮过程中的作用

脱硝反应器由针电极和线电极组成,针电极采用不锈钢细管制成,添加剂从针电极喷出;当针电极接脉冲高压电源电晕放电时,添加剂生成自由基,用以脱除烟气中的氮氧化物.实验结果表明:当氨气和丙烯同时加入时,氮氧化物的去除率随着丙烯加入量及能量密度的增加而增加;在能量密度为2 W·h/m3,氮氧化物的初始体积分数约为80×10-6时,NO的脱除效率达到76%,NOx的脱除率达到54%.     

改性活性焦低温脱硝实验研究

采用浸渍法制备改性活性焦脱并除烟气中的NOx,研究了煅烧气氛、不同改性剂、改性剂浓度、模拟烟气温度对改性活性焦脱硝率的影响.结果表明:经FeSO4,CuSO4,K2CO3,KMnO4四种改性剂改性的活性焦中以FeSO4改性活性焦脱硝效果最佳;纯氮气气氛下煅烧制得的改性活性焦脱硝效果要好于在氮气加水蒸气气氛中获得的改性活性焦;四种不同质量分数(2%,5%,10%,20%)FeSO4改性活性焦的脱硝对比实验结果表明:5%的FeSO4改性制得的活性焦脱硝效果最好;在较低温度(80℃～180℃)范围内时,最佳的脱硝烟气温度为80℃,并且NO脱除率可稳定在40%.     

旋转喷雾塔Ca（OH）2/NaClO2联合脱硫脱硝数值模拟

针对开发低温烟气联合脱硫脱硝技术的需求,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法,建立了旋转喷雾塔气固流动与脱硫脱硝反应耦合的三维数理模型.气相场采用k-ε湍流模型,SO2,NOx的吸收采用双膜理论模型.以2个180 m2烧结烟气的旋转喷雾塔为模拟对象,采用Ca(OH)2/NaClO2浆液作为吸收剂,考察了NaClO2/Ca(OH)2摩尔比、烟气流速、烟气温度、SO2和NO的浓度等对烟气二氧化硫和氮氧化物脱除效率的影响.研究结果表明:随着溶液中NaClO2/Ca(OH)2摩尔比的增加,氮氧化物的脱除效率显著提高,二氧化硫的脱除效率无明显变化;随烟气流速、温度的增大,二氧化硫以及氮氧化物脱除效率均有所降低;氮氧化物的脱除效率随SO2浓度的增大无显著变化,而二氧化硫的脱除效率明显降低;随NO浓度的增加,氮氧化物脱除效率明显降低,二氧化硫脱除效率无显著变化.     

钯—泡沫镍电极电催化还原脱硝络合液的研究

Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA络合脱硝技术是烟气脱硝技术中较为常用的一种方法.然而,Fe2＋易氧化,损失较大,二次使用困难,导致运行成本高.为了达到络合液重复利用的目的,利用钯－泡沫镍电极对脱硝络合液进行电催化还原再生,主要探究催化剂的负载量、电流密度及反应温度对钯－泡沫镍电极的电催化再生效果的影响.实验结果表明：当采用化学置换将钯负载在泡沫镍电极,负载量为1.0 mg·cm－2,电流密度为6 mA·cm－2、温度为30 ℃时,再生效果最好,Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA－NO的转换率达90.0%、NH选择性为10.0%、N2的选择性为90.0%、再生液对NOx脱除效率在25 min内均大于80%.     

乙二胺合钴-尿素络合法脱除NO的实验研究

在半连续的鼓泡反应器中,对乙二胺合钴-尿素络合法脱除烟气中的NO进行实验研究.结果表明,向尿素溶液中添加乙二胺合钴可以增大溶液中NO2的氧化度和NO的溶解度,使吸收液的脱硝率有较大的提高;增大氧气浓度、Co(en)3+3浓度、NO进口浓度,脱硝率也随之增加;增大尿素浓度,脱硝率增加的幅度较小;增大烟气流量不利于NO的吸收;当p H值为10.4,温度在60~70℃之间时,吸收液可以保持较高的脱硝率.     

无电晕式阴极放电对SNCR脱除NO影响

将无电晕式阴极放电技术应用于NH3选择性非催化还原(SNCR)脱硝系统中,分析反应机理。在热输入为0.17 MW循环流化床燃煤锅炉上,研究烟气温度(800~900℃)、阴极电压(0~12 k V)、电子密度(0~0.995 8 m A/cm2)、氨与氮物质的量比(0.75~2.00)和停留时间(0.25~2.00 s)等因素对发射电子催化NH3选择性非催化还原烟气中NO的影响。研究结果表明:随着阴极电压、电子密度、氨与氮物质的量比及停留时间的增加,NO脱除率可达到50.00%~71.30%;电压大于9 k V、温度高于850℃后,电子密度显著增大,NO脱除率迅速增加;随着发射电子增加,NO脱除率增加幅度降低;氨与氮的物质的量比在1.0~1.5区间时脱硝效果较好且NH3逃逸量在允许范围内。     

超声强化脱除模拟烟气中NO的研究

采用NO和N2的混合气模拟烟气,用酸性尿素溶液作吸收液还原吸收模拟烟气中NO,考察了NO浓度、进气量、尿素浓度、pH值及温度对NO脱除效率的影响,并且在超声环境下进行了NO脱除实验的研究。实验结果表明:当NO含量为3 300 mg/m3,进气量为300 mL/min时,尿素质量分数为10%,pH值为3.00,常压50℃下,NO脱除率最高,可达到86.84%。超声对尿素吸收NO具有一定的强化作用,使用5 kW超声功率,此时NO脱除率提高到89.13%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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