Template synthesis of 3-D bimodal ordered porous silica

A dual template synthesis combined with a modified bulk sol-gel process was used to prepare the three dimensional bimodal ordered porous silica, in which the macropore wall is mesoporous and both the pores are interconnected. The macropores were replicated from the template of the dried polystyrene colloidal crystal after being removed by calcination at high temperature, whislt the mesopores were achieved by burning off the surfactant in the gel. The ordered morphologies and interconnection of both the macropores and the mesopores were evidenced by the characterizations with SEM and TEM attached with electron diffraction. Nitrogen adsorption results also confirmed the interconnectivity, sizes and their distribution of the two sorts of pores. The effect of surfactant concentration and calcination conditions on mesopore size and its distribution was also investigated.     

Synthesis of 3D ordered porous polystyrene using silica template

A rigid colloidal silica template was formed by self-assembly of the monodispersed silica spheres prepared according to Stober method. The silica template is highly ordered, which was verified by bright color effect due to Bragg diffraction and the results of SEM. The free radical polymerization of styrene was allowed within the interstices of the rigid template to result in the formation of the three-dimensional periodic silica/polystyrene nano-composites. The titled porous polystyrene was prepared by chemical decomposition of the template with concentrated aqueous hydrofluoric acid. Scanning electron microscopy characterization showed that the macroporous polystyrene has ordered arrays of the uniform pores replicated from the template. Moreover, it was found that the morphology of the as-synthesized macroporous polystyrene was greatly affected by the connectivity of the silica spheres treated under different conditions.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ordered Meso-Macro-Porous Silica Membranes on a Porous Alumina Support

Macroporous silica materials with ordered three-dimensional pore structure can be easily prepared by the template-directed sol-gel process. However, it is still a challenge to prepare them in membrane form on a porous support, which limits their applications. In this work, we have demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining a three-dimensional ordered macroporous silica membrane on macroporous alumina support using poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) spheres as the template. PMMA spheres were packed on the top of an Anopore-alumina support by filtration of a PMMA aqueous suspension. Silica sol obtained by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel process was infiltrated into the voids among the spheres. Drying induced stress caused the membrane to crack or peel off from the top of the support. This can be minimized by annealing the PMMA template layer before the introduction of silica sol which increases the mechanical strength of the template. Calcination or solvent extraction to remove the template produced a highly ordered three-dimensional macroporous silica membrane with spherical pores connected by windows in the mesoporous range. The results show that the PMMA-templated infiltration method is effective in preparing three-dimensional ordered macroporous silica membranes on a porous support.     

Preparation and characterization of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polystyrene <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> atom-transfer radical polymerization

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polystyrene （3DOM PS） with pore size of 350 nm was fab- ricated using Cp2Co/Ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate （EBiB） catalytic system by ATRP. The resulting polymers were detected by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, SEM, and GPC. The microstructure of 3DOM PS was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. SEM micrographs show that both silica spheres within the templates and pores in the 3DOM polystyrene are arranged in highly ordered fashion, and the shrinkage of the pores in the 3DOM PS is 24%. GPC curves show that the 3DOM PS possesses slightly lower Mn and narrow MWD compared with bulk one. This result indicats that living polymerization is different from non-living polymerizationin in the confined space.     

纳米棒插接多级孔ZSM-11分子筛形貌影响因素研究

采用先低温后高温的两段晶化方法在含有四丁基溴化铵的单一模板体系中合成具有插接形貌的ZSM-11分子筛。分别从硅源、铝源、硅铝比、碱源和模板剂的种类对插接形貌形成的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:硅源、铝源以及碱源的种类主要是通过影响解聚-聚合的速率来影响体系的成核以及晶体生长的速率,从而对结晶动力学以及最终产品的晶粒尺寸产生影响,并不会对插接形貌产生大的影响;与固体硅源(硅胶小球)相比,使用液体硅源(硅溶胶和水玻璃)能够在较短时间内得到尺寸较小的分子筛产品;与无机铝源相比,采用异丙醇铝较易在短时间内获得小晶粒产品;与Li+和Na+相比,含有K+的体系中产品分子筛尺寸较大;模板剂的种类直接影响到最终结晶产物的形貌特征,四丁基铵离子的存在是这种插接形貌形成的必要条件。随着合成体系含铝量的减小,插接形貌变得不再明显,铝的存在是这种插接形貌形成的必不可少的影响因素之一。     

Well-aligned carbon nanotube array membrane synthesized in porous alumina template by chemical vapor deposition

A new simple approach was devetoped for preparing wetl-aligned and monodispersed carbon nanotube (CNT) array membrane within the cylindrical pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Acetylene and hydrogen were used in the CVD process with Fe-catalyzer at 700°C under 250 Pa. Scanning etectron microscope (SEM) and transmission etectron microscope (TEM) were employed to characterize the resulting highly-oriented uniform hollow tube array which had a diameter of about 250 nm, a tube density of 5.3x10⁸ cm² and a length of about 60 μm. The length and diameter of the tubes depend on the thickness and pore diameter of the template. The growth properties of the CNT array film can be achieved by controlling the structure of the template, the particle size of Fe-catalyzer, the temperature in the reactor, the flow ratio and the deposition time. The highly-oriented and uniform CNT array membrane fabricated by this simple method is very much useful in a variety of applications.     

复合模板剂制备有序介孔氧化铝

采用溶胶-凝胶法以异丙醇铝为铝源,乙醇为溶剂,非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100和三嵌段共聚物P123为复合模板剂,制备了有序介孔氧化铝。用PSD、XRD、TEM等测试技术对样品进行了结构表征,实验结果表明,合成的有序介孔氧化铝比表面积大于500m²/g,孔容超过1.0cm³/g,孔径分布窄（2～12nm）,形成的蠕虫状孔道具有一定的有序性,与采用单一模板剂P123制得的介孔氧化铝相比具有比表面积大,孔分布窄,有序性好的优点。最佳模板剂配比为 n(TritonX-100)∶n(P123)=3∶1。     

CNTs/mesostructured silica core-shell nanowires via interfacial surfactant templating

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/mesostructured silica core-shell nanowires with a carbon nanotube core and controllable highly ordered periodic mesoporous silica shell are syntheiszed via the interfacial surfactant template. The core-shell nanowires are characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and nitrogen sorption/desorption. The results indicate that the core-shell nanowires have highly ordered periodic mesoporous silica shell (space group p6mm), high BET surface area and narrow pore size distribution. Moreover, the morphology of core-shell nanowires can be controlled by the pH value. The core-shell nanowires have promising applications in biosensors, nanoprobes and energy storage due to their good dispersibility in polar solvents. Supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) through Discovery Project program (DP0452461)     

Synthetic CaSiO_3 sol-gel powder and SPS ceramic derivatives: “In vivo” toxicity assessment

The paper presents template strategy using siloxane-acrylate latex and its modified form to prepare nanostructured calcium silicate(wollastonite) containing nanosized gold and regular porosity. Optimal conditions for the annealing of silicate xerogel were outlined leading to nanoporous wollastonite with minimal porous defects(pore size corresponds to latex particles 150–200 nm). The fabrication of nanostructured wollastonite ceramics was suggested to use spark plasma sintering(SPS). The formation of porous ceramic framework(compressive strength ～120 MPa) via SPS consolidation of silicate xerogel(xonotlite) contained latex template(poreformer),a feature of the method for wollastonite template synthesis. The ceramic wollastonite samples have been implanted into ICR/CD1 mice to test the toxicity of the material "in vivo". The results are of great interest for the preparation of high-quality biomaterials for modern medicine using simple technological approaches and available raw materials.     

Selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen over orderly mesoporous CuFe2O4 with high specific surface area

Orderly mesoporous CuFe2O4 spinel-type mixed oxide with high specific surface area was prepared successfully by a hard-template method in which KIT-6 mesoporous silica was selected as the hard template. The KIT-6 hard template and CuFe2O4 samples were charac- terized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spec- troscopy, X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, and hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction. The KIT-6 hard template had perfect crystalli- zation and ordered mesoporous structure with a probable pore distribution of about 9.1 nm, large enough to be filled by the spinel precursor. The mesoporous CuFe2O4 spinel oxide synthesized inside the KIT-6 mesopores had a rela- tively small pore size （4.3 nm）, orderly arrangement, and high specific area （194 m2/g）. The catalytic activity of the mesoporous CuFe2O4 was tested for the selective oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen. The conversion of ammonia reached nearly 100 % at 300 ℃with a nitrogen selectivity as high as 96 %. The nitrogen selectivity remained high with increasing temperature and even maintained a value of 80 % at 600 ℃.     

以硅酸钠为前驱物采用间隔自组装法制备有序介孔SBA-15

以硅酸钠为前驱物,三嵌段共聚物(P123)为模板剂,分别采用传统过程和间隔自组装(PCSA)过程制备有序介孔二氧化硅(SBA-15).分别考察了两种制备过程中硅酸钠加入量对SBA-15结构的影响.与传统制备过程相比,采用间隔自组装过程,通过简单的调节硅酸钠在不同阶段中的加入量,在不使用添加剂及特殊的制备条件下,可制备孔径可调的SBA-15,其最大孔径可达到10.3 nm(KJS法).所提方法也可规律性地调节SBA-15的孔壁厚度和微孔孔隙度.     

Fabrication of fine spongy nanoporous Ag-Au alloys with improved catalysis properties

Fine NP-AgAu(nanoporous AgAu) alloys with spongy structure was fabricated by chemical dealloying from rapidly solidified amorphous precursors Ag_(38.75-x)Cu_(38.75)Si_(22.5)Au_x(x=0, 0.5, 1 and 5). The results indicate that the addition of small content Au in precursor can refine both the ligaments and pores obviously. Among the present components of the precursors, NP-AgAu alloys dealloying from Ag_(37.75)Cu_(38.75)Si_(22.5)Au_1 had the finest spongy structure. The size of pores was 5–10 nm and the grain size of ligaments was 10–20 nm. It also had the highest surface area of 106.83 m~2g~(-1) and the best catalytic activity towards electro-oxidation of formaldehyde with the peak current of 665 mA mg~(-1).     

基于微波法快速合成短棒状SBA-15的探析

以非离子表面活性剂P123作为模板,正硅酸乙酯作为硅源,运用微波法快速合成短棒状介孔分子筛材料SBA-15。合成的短棒状SBA-15具有分散性好,孔径高度有序及长径比小的特点,能够更有效地应用于吸附分离、电化学传感器、催化剂载体和能量储存等方面。     

Preparation and characterization of three-dimen-sionally ordered macroporous polystyrene via atom-transfer radical polymerization

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polystyrene(3DOM PS) with pore size of 350 nm was fabricated using Cp2Co/Ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate(EBiB) catalytic system by ATRP.The resulting polymers were detected by FT-IR,1H-NMR,SEM,and GPC.The microstructure of 3DOM PS was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.SEM micrographs show that both silica spheres within the templates and pores in the 3DOM polystyrene are arranged in highly ordered fashion,and the shrinkage of the pores in the 3DOM PS is 24%.GPC curves show that the 3DOM PS possesses slightly lower Mn and narrow MWD compared with bulk one.This result indicats that living polymerization is different from non-living polymerizationin in the confined space.     

阳极氧化铝模板的结构和性能表征及形成机理

用两步阳极氧化法在0.3 mol.L-1草酸中制备了高度有序、具有纳米级孔洞的阳极氧化铝有序阵列模板.用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射及荧光光谱对其进行了结构和性能表征.实验结果表明多孔氧化铝模板的蓝发光带是由氧空位缺陷所引起的.对氧化铝模板的形成机理进行了分析,认为它的形成机理可以通过综合参考溶解模型和机械应力模型加以解释,并且电渗在阳极氧化膜的生长过程中起着重要作用.     

分子印迹电化学发光传感器检测毒死蜱

石墨相氮化碳纳米薄片（g-C₃N₄NSs）具有优良的电化学发光（ECL）性能和良好的成膜特性.以g-C₃N₄NSs作为ECL材料,利用其良好的成膜性能将其固定在玻碳电极（GCE）上,再以毒死蜱（CPF）作模板分子,甲基丙烯酸（MAA）作功能单体,通过分子自组装制备分子印迹聚合物（MIP）.将该聚合物引入g-C₃N₄NSs修饰电极,构建了一个MIP-ECL传感器.除去模板分子的传感器能够选择性识别CPF,利用CPF对g-C₃N₄NSs ECL信号的淬灭作用实现了CPF的高灵敏、高选择性检测.传感器对CPF的线性响应范围是1.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-4mol·L^-1,检出限（LOD）是5.0 nmol·L^-1,用于蔬菜中CPF残留量检测,结果令人满意.     

氨基功能化SiO_2的制备、表征及吸附性能

用水包油微乳模板法和后嫁接法相结合,制得氨基功能化介孔SiO2材料,并对其作为Cr(VI)的有效吸附剂进行表征及测定.N2吸附/脱附及小角X衍射实验均证明该材料具有典型的介孔结构;通过红外测定可知,功能性基团(—NH2)已成功接枝于介孔SiO2材料的孔道内部(表面);氨基对Cr(VI)的吸附起主要作用,吸附饱和的功能化材料可经酸洗(HCL)回收利用.     

CdS光化学修饰介孔TiO2及其增强的可见光催化活性

[目的]提高介孔TiO₂材料的光催化活性。[方法]采用蒸发诱导自组装法(EISA),以四氯化钛和钛酸丁酯为钛源,嵌段共聚物P123(EO₂₀PO₇₀EO₂₀)为模板剂,制备介孔TiO₂。用光化学修饰法将CdS掺进介孔TiO₂中,合成对可见光有较好响应的复合材料,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)和光催化等手段对样品进行表征。[结果]XRD和TEM结果表明成功合成有序的六方介孔材料;AAS确定复合材料中Cd的含量为0.96mg/g;光催化于500 W氙灯下以2×10^-5mol/L次甲基蓝(MB)为模型污染物,结果显示CdS/TiO₂复合材料的可见光催化活性明显提高。[结论]光化学修饰法制备的介孔CdS/TiO₂复合材料可增强其可见光催化活性。     

磁性FeNi合金/石墨化介孔碳纳米复合材料的合成及其在染料吸附中的应用

以介孔SBA-15为模板,金属硝酸盐作为磁性FeNi合金纳米颗粒前驱物,采用纳米铸造法合成出一系列磁性FeNi合金/石墨化介孔碳纳米复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附仪(BET)、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和热重分析仪(TG)等对合成物进行表征.结果发现,试验得到的纳米复合材料具有一致的介孔结构,高含量的磁性FeNi合金纳米晶体(尺寸大约是3~6 nm)均匀分散在石墨介孔碳模型的壁上,此介孔材料具有高的比表面积(360.3~431.9 m²·g^-1),大孔体积(0.558~0.718 cm³·g^-1)和高饱和磁化强度(18.2~42.1 emu·g^-1).基于以上特性,研究了材料对于水中染料的吸附性能.结果发现,当染料浓度为50 mg·L^-1时,材料对其去除率接近100%,同时在外加磁场存在时,悬浮液可以很好地实现固液分离.因此,磁性FeNi合金/石墨化介孔碳纳米复合材料在去除废水中的染料方面可以作为高效和可循环使用的吸附剂.     

恒沸蒸馏超细SiO2凝胶的二甲基二氯硅烷表面改性研究

利用恒沸蒸馏快速置换出SiO2湿凝胶中的物理吸附水,并用二甲基二氯硅烷（DMDCS）进行湿法改性。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重-差热（TG-DTA）、激光粒度分析仪和接触角测定仪等表征方法研究了DMDCS的改性效果。结果表明,将恒沸蒸馏用于SiO2湿凝胶的表面改性,能得到疏水性能极佳的改性SiO2,水在改性SiO2粉体表面的接触角大于130°,改性产品蓬松,吸油值增大2~2.8,孔容增大3.5倍,孔道结构没有发生显著改变。优化了的改性工艺为：改性溶剂为体积比3∶2的丙酮、乙醇混合物,改性时间2h,改性剂用量为SiO2绝干粉质量的12.5%。