类星体—星系成协与微引力透镜效应

讨论了微引力透镜和宏引力透镜对类星体与星系成协的差别和联系。计算表明，在观测极限星等大于１８．５时，微引力透镜与宏引力透镜所给出的面密度超出因子一致，与微引力透射是线性或非线性统计模型无关。     

国家天文台青年学者发现罕见引力透镜光弧

[国家天文台]近日，国家天文台博士生文中略等人从国际巡天数据库SDSS中发现了星系团强引力透镜系统，这是我国学者首次从观测数据中发现引力透镜现象。     

星系团Abell 2218的强引力透镜现象

简要介绍了引力透镜,NFW质量分布模型的基本原理．详细讨论了星系团Abell2218的NFW质量分布模型在强引力透镜的应用,估算了星系团的质量及个别背最星系的红移,并对这些结果进行了分析与讨论．     

Abell 1835的X射线性质

通过反投影分析方法,对XMM-Newton观测的Abell 1835的数据进行分析,研究星系团中心的X射线性质:温度成分及分布,冷流,强引力透镜(r≈153 kpc)的质量,星系团的总质量,投影质量,并与弱引力透镜质量进行了比较.     

首次发现银河系外行星

正一项于2018年2月2日发表在The AstrophysicalJournal上的研究表明,科学家们首次发现了银河系外的一群行星。为了探测到该群行星,来自美国俄克拉荷马大学的天体物理学小组利用了微引力透镜(microlensing)——目前已知的唯一能有效探测距地球遥远天体的方法,并最终确定了这些行星的质量介于月球和木星之间。此前,天文学家常通过微引力透镜现象寻找银河系内的行星。根据广义相对论,遥远处小型天体发出     

天体引力场浅析

引力透镜观察到的是暗能量,暗能量是指流体态的物质——充满空间和物体内部的爽子。     

透明引力透镜成象原理之图析

引力透镜效应是广义相对论的一个推论。本文用直观的图示,说明了负的和复的偏转角的实际意义,并以球状和椭球状致偏天体为例分析了透明引力透镜成象的重数是由哪些因素决定的。     

中微子天体和射电子源的超光速膨胀

如果射电子源有横向喷射,喷射速度为V_0,由于中微子天体(NAO)引力透镜的放大作用,其表观的膨胀速度V≥5V_0,因而解释了某些类星体射电子源的超光速膨胀。     

引力透镜现象的概率分布

采用2种GNFW引力透镜模型，计算高红移类星体经引力透镜星多像的概率。一种是在小尺度上选模型参数a=1．5，大角度上选a=1；另一种是在小角度上选a=2，大角度上选a=1．2种模型的结果均证明：星像间夹角△θ0小的透镜的概率要远大于夹角大的透镜的概率。把得到的结果与观测进行比较，可看出第2种模型要符合得更好些。     

中微子天体和引力透镜

本文讨论了中微天体(NAO)作为引力透镜偏转体的意义和作用。指出:NAO作为偏转体,能使发光体生成五个象。由于观测仪器分辨本领的限制,有时只能观测到三个象或四个象。提出了象亮度的增加导致类星体星等变化的可能性。     

Galaxy mass deduced from the structure of Einstein ring MG1654+1346

ELLIPTICAL galaxies acting as gravitational lenses occasionally produce spectacular images-Einstein rings-of distant objects. Giant arcs(1) and radio rings(2) have been observed. A wide variety of image morphologies is possible, the generation of which is qualitatively understood in terms of large magnifications at caustic and critical lines in the lensing geometry(3-5). From the angular size of the image, and with knowledge of the distances of the lensed and lensing object, rough estimates of the mass of the lensing galaxy can be obtained. We have made high-resolution radio-interferometric observations of MG1654 + 1346 (ref. 6) a radio quasar in near-perfect alignment with an elliptical galaxy, and show that radio emission is distorted into a narrow Einstein ring that lies within a diamond-shaped region bounded by caustic lines. From the details of the ring structure, a new model for the lensing geometry is deduced which leads to a more accurate estimate of the mass of the lensing galaxy.     

Dark matter maps reveal cosmic scaffolding

Ordinary baryonic particles (such as protons and neutrons) account for only one-sixth of the total matter in the Universe. The remainder is a mysterious 'dark matter' component, which does not interact via electromagnetism and thus neither emits nor reflects light. As dark matter cannot be seen directly using traditional observations, very little is currently known about its properties. It does interact via gravity, and is most effectively probed through gravitational lensing: the deflection of light from distant galaxies by the gravitational attraction of foreground mass concentrations. This is a purely geometrical effect that is free of astrophysical assumptions and sensitive to all matter--whether baryonic or dark. Here we show high-fidelity maps of the large-scale distribution of dark matter, resolved in both angle and depth. We find a loose network of filaments, growing over time, which intersect in massive structures at the locations of clusters of galaxies. Our results are consistent with predictions of gravitationally induced structure formation, in which the initial, smooth distribution of dark matter collapses into filaments then into clusters, forming a gravitational scaffold into which gas can accumulate, and stars can be built.     

利用重力卫星监测尼泊尔Ms8.1地震前后重力变化

利用重力恢复与气候实验(Gravity Recovery and Climate Explorer, GRACE)卫星时变重力场数据获取尼泊尔地震震源区周缘震前震后重力变化。根据地震发生前后震源区及周边重力变化的时空分布特征,探求地震孕震机制及地表物质迁移情况,详细分析了震前5年和震后2年年际变化和季度变化,并提取了5个重力变化显著的特征点和震中点进行时间序列分析。结果表明：正负重力变化信号以震中为中心呈现出明显的出四象限分布特征,同时地震通常发生在重力变化的零值线处。通过对5个特征点及震中点重力变化时间序列的分析发现：每个点在震后1-2个月内均出现了较大的跃迁现象,其振幅有所不同,这可能是震后地球内部物质均衡调整造成的。     

窄安全密度窗口重力置换漏喷函数研究

由于重力置换的原因,钻遇裂缝性地层时,井下经常发生漏喷同存,造成井下复杂情况,增大井控难度,损害地层,影响生产。建立了重力置换数学模型,并基于此形成了高压含气层窄安全密度窗口重力置换漏喷函数,利用地层-井筒耦合流动可视化实验装置对漏喷函数进行了验证。实验结果表明,建立的漏喷函数的计算结果与实验数据吻合度较高。当钻遇裂缝性地层时,无论是采用欠平衡钻井、平衡钻井工艺,还是过平衡钻井工艺,均无法避免重力置换现象的发生,但是将井筒压力维持在近平衡（微过）状态,能够显著降低重力置换现象的严重程度。研究成果对研究钻遇裂缝性地层时的井底复杂的物质交换规律及井筒压力的安全控制具有重要的指导意义。     

双重障碍物对开闸式异重流运动特性的影响

异重流现象广泛存在于自然环境和水利工程中。现实工况中,底床设置障碍物是抑制异重流侵袭的有效手段,因此研究障碍物对异重流运动特性的影响具有实际工程价值。采用开闸式异重流实验,对比不同障碍物间距及高度对异重流最大扩散高度、头部速度等方面的影响,从而得到双重障碍物最优工程布置方案;分析异重流在障碍物上下游区域的速度剖面及其越过障碍物时的涡度场;对比无障、单一障碍物、双重障碍物工况对异重流掺混系数的影响。结果表明,双重障碍物最优布置方案为第一障碍物高于第二障碍物,障碍物间距要尽可能大,但应保证异重流遇到第二障碍物之前未恢复典型头部形态;在双重障碍物上游区域,异重流速度剖面出现畸变,畸变范围大致与障碍物等高,主流速度衰减明显,在障碍物下游区域,完成形态重塑的异重流,其速度剖面均存在明显的壁面区和射流区;相对于无障和单一障碍物工况,流经双重障碍物的异重流厚度明显变小;越障前后,异重流掺混系数呈现"M"型分布,越过第二障碍物后异重流的掺混速率明显大于第一障碍物。结果可为防治异重流灾害及保证水利工程安全等领域提供参考。     

量子扰动下引力的临界现象(英文)

相变和临界现象是热力学和统计力学中非常有趣的课题.引力与热力学有着深刻和本质的联系.接近临界点,涨落非常明显.因此,对于普通物质(由非引力作用控制的系统)在临界点附近如果我们忽略涨落,临界现象会变的非常不同.发现RN-AdS空间的临界指数在考虑到完全的量子微扰效应后保持不变.这个研究指出了引力系统与普通热力学系统的一个关键不同点.     

Detection of the translational oscillations of the Earth＇s solid inner core based on the international superconducting gravimeter observations

Based on the 21 series of the high precision tidal gravity observations recorded using superconducting gravimeters (SG) at 14 stations distributed globally (in to-tally about 86 years), the translational oscillations of the Earth抯 solid inner core (ESIC) is detected in this paper. All observations are divided into two groups with G-Ⅰ group (8 relatively longer observational series) and G-Ⅱ group (13 relatively shorter observational series). The detailed correc-tions to minute original observations for each station are carried out, the error data due to the earthquakes, power supply impulses and some perturbations as change in at-mospheric pressure and so on are carefully deleted for the first step, the gravity residuals are obtained after removing further synthetic tidal gravity signals. The Fast Fourier Transform analysis is carried out for each residual series, the estimations of the product spectral densities in the sub-tidal band are obtained by using a multi-station staking technique. The 8 common peaks are found after further removing the remaining frequency dependent pressure signals. The eigen-periods, quality factors and resonant strengths for these peaks are simulated. The numerical results show that the discrepancies of the eigenperiods for 3 of 8 peaks, compared to those of theoretical computation given by Smith, are only 0.4%, -0.4% and 1.0%. This coincidence signifies that the dynamical phenomenon of the Earths solid inner core can be detected by using high precision ground gravity observations. The reliability of the numerical computation is also checked, the spectral peak splitting phenomenon induced by Earths rotation and ellipticity is preliminary discussed in this paper.     

Direct detection of a microlens in the Milky Way.

The nature of dark matter remains mysterious, with luminous material accounting for at most approximately 25 per cent of the baryons in the Universe. We accordingly undertook a survey looking for the microlensing of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to determine the fraction of Galactic dark matter contained in massive compact halo objects (MACHOs). The presence of the dark matter would be revealed by gravitational lensing of the light from an LMC star as the foreground dark matter moves across the line of sight. The duration of the lensing event is the key observable parameter, but gives non-unique solutions when attempting to estimate the mass, distance and transverse velocity of the lens. The survey results to date indicate that between 8 and 50 per cent of the baryonic mass of the Galactic halo is in the form of MACHOs (ref. 3), but removing the degeneracy by identifying a lensing object would tighten the constraints on the mass in MACHOs. Here we report a direct image of a microlens, revealing it to be a nearby low-mass star in the disk of the Milky Way. This is consistent with the expected frequency of nearby stars acting as lenses, and demonstrates a direct determination of a lens mass from a microlensing event. Complete solutions such as this for halo microlensing events will probe directly the nature of the MACHOs.     

零点能与修正的Friedmann方程

将引力理论视为宏观衍生理论,根据固体物理中的Debye模型,引入零点能修正能量均分定理。进而利用Verlinde熵力的方法去得到修正的Friedmann方程,并将修正项解释为与时间相关的真空能量密度。