一种应用双端信息自同步校正的故障测距法

针对高压,超高压远距离输电线路,提出了一种应用双端信息自同步校正的故障测距法,该算法采用长线模型,计及了线路分布电容的影响,能够实时修正输电线路两端采样的相角差,从而避免了由于两端采样信息不同步而造成的测距误差,经过大量的数字仿真试验,其结果十分令人满意。     

同杆并架双回线故障测距的新算法

基于同杆并架双回线集中参数模型,提出了一种利用电磁耦合关系的双端测距算法.该方法是建立在集中参数模型基础上,依据相间、线间电气量耦合关系计算沿线分布电压,利用从两端计算的故障点电压相等这一原理构造测距方程.该算法避免了利用六序分量法解耦,因此,也能够用于不完全换位输电线路的故障测距;采用集中参数模型构造算法,大大减小了计算量.仿真结果表明,该算法具有较高测距精度,且不受双端数据同步、负荷大小和过渡电阻的影响.     

基于GPS双端同步采样的输电线路故障定位的研究

输电线路故障定位一直是电力系统急需解决的难题。针对单端法故障测距易受过渡电阻的影响,提出了一种双端同步采样的输电线路故障定位方法。此方法以全球定位系统（ Ｇ Ｐ Ｓ）作为同步时间基准,只需线路两端的电流电压采样值。它克服了过渡电阻的影响,且定位精度不受故障类型、故障点位置、故障发生时刻和电力系统运行条件的影响。将单回线算法推广到双回线。数值仿真和动态模拟实验的结果表明算法有很高的精度和鲁棒性,其最大定位误差均小于１％     

一种输电线路故障测距模型的分析与研究

文章对一种输电线路常见的两端电源单回线故障测距模型进行原理分析,根据数据来源不同比较了单端测距法和双端测距法这两种不同的算法,并用对称分量法进行分析和研究,阐述了它们的算法实现。结论表明,此两种算法均可有效消除过渡电阻对测距精度的影响,且各有优缺点,可视具体情况选择其中一种。     

一种输电线路故障测距的精细积分新算法

针对以往精细积分算法在计算暂态信号时误差较大、迭代结果容易发散的问题,通过使用一种新的差分格式对算法进行了改进,提高了算法的稳定性,增强了其对暂态信号的分析能力,并通过构造测距函数实现了基于暂态信号的输电线路故障定位.为使测距算法适用于双端数据异步的情况,利用故障前信号,提出了一种确定双端录波数据不同步时差和修正线路长度的算法,将其应用于三相输电线路的故障测距之中.算例仿真结果显示,采用该算法,故障定位精度绝对误差不超过0.6 km,最大相对误差为0.25%,且测距结果不受故障过渡电阻的影响,证明了算法的有效性.     

基于模量传输时间差的直流线路双端故障测距

针对传统高压直流输电线路双端测距依赖高精度同步对时,对通信通道要求较高的问题,提出利用故障行波线模、零模分量在线路中的传输时差来计算故障距离的双端测距方法。该方法通过提取故障行波两种模态分量的暂态信息,检测两种模量分别到达线路两端处的时刻,利用两者的时间差实现故障定位,克服了因两端检测装置时钟不同步所引起的误差。对于线模零模波速难以确定的问题,利用数学方法结合仿真数据拟合出波速曲线,再通过多次迭代过程不断对行波波速和故障距离进行优化,最后得到更准确的行波模量波速和故障距离值。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台中搭建系统仿真模型,模拟时间不同步、不同故障距离和过渡电阻情况下的输电线短路状况,通过分析仿真,结果表明该方法定位准确性高,耐过渡电阻能力强,且不受时间不同步影响,具有良好的稳定性。     

一种混合双端直流输电线路的纵联保护新原理

为保证混合双端高压直流输电系统安全运行,分析了混合双端直流输电线路两端电流相似度.通过故障分析发现,区内故障时线路两端电流无明显线性关系,区外故障时线路两端电流呈线性关系.根据该差异,提出了一种基于相关系数的混合直流输电线路纵联保护方法.利用PSCAD搭建混合双端型高压直流输电线路仿真模型,输出直流输电线路区内和区外故障结果,并利用MATLAB对故障数据进行处理,进行了算法仿真.仿真结果验证了所提保护方法的正确性,该方法在实际应用中数据无需严格同步,能够快速可靠地实现故障判别,具有较强的实用性.     

基于奇异值分解的双-单端煤矿井下电缆故障定位

行波测距最重要的是时间和波速的确定。双端测距需要GPS授时系统,两端的授时误差增加了首波到达时刻的准确性。对电缆线路来说,行波的色散更加严重。而且不管单端还是双端测距,波速的确定对结果的影响都非常大。故障线路两端同时利用Hankel矩阵方式下对到达两端的电流行波进行奇异性分解(SVD)。每端分别得到首波及第二个波形到达的时间。SVD在不同的分解层上的奇异点结果不会发生偏移,克服小波变换随着分解层数增加带来的奇异点偏移缺点。波速的大小与频带关系紧密,行波信号经过小波分解再重构为多个频带的时域信号。在计算每个频带下前两个波头之间的相似度后,选取相似度最大的频带得到电缆的波速。在考虑线路时频特征对行波波速v的影响同时,提出双-单端故障测距。最后两端分别得到的故障点位置经过误差纠正算法,使得结果更加准确。     

基于SVD的双-单端煤矿井下电缆故障定位

行波测距最重要的是时间和波速的确定。双端测距需要GPS授时系统,两端的授时误差增加了首波到达时刻的准确性。对电缆线路来说,行波的色散更加严重。而且不管单端还是双端测距,波速的确定对结果的影响都非常大。故障线路两端同时利用Hankel矩阵方式下对到达两端的电流行波进行奇异性分解(SVD)。每端分别得到首波及第二个波形到达的时间。SVD在不同的分解层上的奇异点结果不会发生偏移,克服小波变换随着分解层数增加带来的奇异点偏移缺点。波速的大小与频带关系紧密,行波信号经过小波分解再重构为多个频带的时域信号。在计算每个频带下前两个波头之间的相似度后,选取相似度最大的频带得到电缆的波速。在考虑线路时频特征对行波波速v的影响同时,提出双-单端故障测距。最后两端分别得到的故障点位置经过误差纠正算法,使得结果更加准确。     

双端电流时域故障定位法

给出了一种仅利用两端暂态电流进行单回线故障定位的时域方法.该故障定位方法采用分布参数模型,在故障分量网络中,利用双端电流计算得到的沿线电压分布在故障点处时时相等,建立了故障定位方程.利用最小二乘法分别求取不同距离下两侧系统等效阻抗,并根据故障点处两侧系统等效阻抗值代入故障定位方程后所得的偏差值最小,来实现故障定位.定位算法所需数据窗短,适用于快速跳闸的场合.故障定位无须电压量,定位精度不受电压和电流互感器传变特性差异的影响.仿真验证结果表明,该方法测距精度高,可实现全线范围内的故障定位.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.