衣康酸加氢制备甲基丁二酸

间歇式应釜中,采用骨架Ni催化剂,对衣康酸加氢制备甲基丁二酸的工艺条件进行了研究,探讨了溶剂、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量及循环次数对加氢反应的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为：甲醇为溶剂,反应时间为60min,反应温度为50℃,催化剂质量分数为10％,此时,衣康酸转化率为99．14％。催化剂循环使用5次后,衣康酸转化率仍在95％以上。采用傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振对产物的结构进行了分析。     

乙苯催化加氢制乙基环己烷的Ru/AC催化研究

制备了Ru/AC催化剂.研究了在Ru/AC催化剂存在下反应时间、反应温度、反应压力、催化剂用量及碱用量对乙苯加氢反应性能的影响,并考察了催化剂的稳定性.用XRD和XPS对催化剂进行了表征;结果表明,Ru/AC催化剂呈微晶状态,粒度很小,经氢气还原后表面主要为Ru0,对乙苯加氢有很高的加氢活性,当ncatal./nsubstrate=0.2％,nNaOH=4.35×10-5mol.L-1,1100℃,3MPa,1h时,转化率达100％.     

反应条件对丙酸甲酯催化加氢的影响

采用浸渍、水热还原方法制备的Ru-Pt/A lOOH催化剂,以水作溶剂,用于丙酸甲酯催化加氢制备丙醇反应.考察了催化剂中金属担载量、溶剂体积、反应时间、温度和氢气压力对丙酸甲酯转化率和丙醇选择性的影响.在180℃、氢压5.0 MPa条件下,反应6 h,丙酸甲酯的转化率达到89.1%,丙醇选择性为97.8%.     

四氯化碳催化加氢制氯仿的实验研究

采用浸渍法制备了Pt/活性碳毡催化剂,并在自制的高压反应釜上考察了该催化剂对四氯化碳加氢制氯仿反应的性能。实验考察了温度、压力、Pt负载量以及溶剂对四氯化碳转化率和氯仿选择性的影响,并对实验结果进行了简要讨论。在实验范围内的最佳反应条件下,即反应温度393K,氢气压力4MPa,催化剂中Pt的质量分数为0.8% ,反应时间为22h时,四氯化碳的转化率和氯仿的选择性均可达到90%以上。     

对硝基氯苯液相加氢还原的研究

较系统地研究了液相加氢法合成对氯苯胺,着重研究了加氢反应的催化剂、溶剂、脱卤抑制剂及反应的温度、压力等主要工艺参数对反应的影响.对硝基氯苯液相催化加氢还原制备对氯苯胺的反应中选用1％Pd/C为催化剂,工业酒精为溶剂,吗啉为脱卤抑制剂,加氢反应温度80～90℃,压力1 MPa .在此条件下反应2．60 h,对硝基氯苯的转化率为100％,对氯苯胺的实际收率可达95％.催化剂连续使用5次,其性能没有明显下降.     

顺酐催化加氢制备丁二酸酐的正交实验研究

采用沉积沉淀法制备了Co/MMT(蒙脱土)催化剂,用于催化顺酐加氢制备丁二酸酐反应.通过正交实验,考察了底物与催化剂的物质的量之比(s/c)、反应温度、氢气压力、反应时间等条件对加氢反应的影响.结果表明,最优的反应条件为:s/c=100、反应温度120℃、氢气压力1.5 MPa、反应时间5 h,在此条件下,顺酐转化率达92.0%,丁二酸酐选择性100%.     

辛二腈加氢制取辛二胺的研究

以骨架镍作为加氢催化剂,在乙醇溶剂中,液相加氢还原辛二腈制备辛二胺,分析了加氢反应体系,骨架镍催化剂制备条件和加氢反应条件对辛二腈加氢反应的影响,在催化剂加入量为5．0％－15．0％,氢压为0．1－0．5MPa,剂料比为0．2－5的条件下,辛二腈转化率可达100％,辛二胺收率达96％以上,正交实验结果表明,在催化剂用量较低的条件下,可以通过提高反应氢压和剂料比的方法改善加氢效果,研究还表明,在相同的加氢条件下,Ni/Al2O3没有加氢活性。     

2,7-二溴芴酮的合成研究

研究了以芴酮为原料，水作为溶剂在碘催化下直接溴代制备2，7-二溴芴酮的方法，考察了不同的溶剂、催化剂、反应时间、反应温度对产率的影响．该制备方法选择水为溶剂、碘作为催化剂，在100℃下反应4h产率为60．3％．并对所合成化合物的结构进行了红外、核磁波谱表征．     

固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化N,N-二乙氨基乙醇与含芳香环的羧酸的酯化反应

用固体超强酸SO4^2-／Fe2O3催化N，N-二乙氨基乙醇与9个含芳香环羧酸的酯化反应．合成了9个相应的酯，产率在75％～95．6％之间．讨论了不同的固体超强酸及催化剂用量，溶剂和反应温度．反应时间等因素对酯化产率．的影响．实验结果表明：当催化剂用量占反应物总量的3．4％～3．8％．溶剂为二甲苯．反应温度140℃，反应时间6h的条件下．酯化产率最高．     

Ru/ZrO_2·xH_2O催化丙酸甲酯加氢制备丙醇的反应研究

文章采用共沉淀法制备了Ru/ZrO2.xH2O催化剂对丙酸甲酯进行加氢反应研究。考察了反应时间、温度、氢气压力、搅拌速度和溶剂等因素对丙酸甲酯加氢的转化率和产物丙醇选择性的影响。结果表明,以醇作溶剂时,反应的活性和选择性都比较差,丙醇的最大收率仅为27.5%,而以水作溶剂时丙酸甲酯的转化率高达94.8%,丙醇的选择性为91.7%。催化剂可以循环使用6次,活性和选择性没有明显下降,显示了良好的工业应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has