几种常用苎麻脱胶煮练助剂快速煮练功效的评估

缩短苎麻脱胶煮练的时间,在工业化生产上有着巨大的实用价值和经济效益,它的技术关键之一在于煮练助剂。本文运用多重比较法中的统计排队法,对国内常用的三种苎麻脱胶煮练助剂进行了评估、为苎麻脱胶工业化生产提供了一定的参考依据。焦磷酸钠能够以较小的用量获得较好的快速煮练功效;而增大三聚磷酸钠和磷酸钠的用量,同样也可以得到较好的快速煮练功效。     

新技术、新设备、新产品

苎麻微生物脱胶技术是将含有30％的胶质苎麻的原麻,用少量脱胶菌种在平缓条件下对苎麻进行发酵脱胶,可将原麻中80％以上的胶质分解掉,使原麻软化,漂洗后单纤维分离。然后,采用少量化工原料,利用常规化学脱胶的部分设备,对细菌脱胶过的麻进行精炼和漂整,以获得满意的中、高档纺织要求的精干麻,其工艺过程如下: 原麻扎把——装笼——细菌脱胶——精炼——拷麻——漂酸洗——脱水——抖麻——渍油——脱水——抖麻——烘干分级。苎麻微生物脱胶的种菌是T66菌种,它由中国     

等离子体喷枪氩等离子体处理苎麻脱胶菌引发诱变的重复性实验

本文介绍了使用一种等离子体喷枪的常压低温氩等离子体对苎麻脱胶菌物进行了诱变实验,曾发现使用Ar等离子体处理野生的苎麻脱胶菌进行处理后能够有比较快的脱胶速率和较好的脱胶质量,此次脱胶效果好的处理时间为3分钟.2年后作者再次做重复性实验,本次的处理时间分成1分钟、3分钟、5分钟和7分钟四组.结果表明经过处理的脱胶效果确实普遍比未处理的效果要好,因此作者推断等离子体喷枪氩等离子体处理苎麻脱胶菌后可以引发诱变效应.     

苎麻脱胶煮练工艺数学模型的研究

本文以数学理论为依据,以电子计算机为辅助工具,利用四因子二次通用旋转组合设计试验计划,建立了苎麻脱胶煮练工艺的数学模型,首次定性定量地给出了精干麻质量随煮练工艺参数的改变而变化的规律,对于苎麻高效脱胶的研究和工业化生产都有一定的积极意义     

Fenton试剂用于苎麻氧化脱胶的探究

利用Fenton试剂作为氧化剂对苎麻进行脱胶,制备分散的单纤维,探讨不同参数对脱胶效果的影响.通过正交试验的方法确定了最佳工艺,分别为pH值=4.0,FeSO_4·7H_2O质量分数为0.25%,H_2O_2质量分数为6%,温度为50℃.测试结果表明:Fenton氧化脱胶的精干麻纤维断裂强度比传统碱煮脱胶的稍低,但比碱性氧化脱胶的要高;所得纤维线密度与传统碱煮的相差不大,比碱性氧化脱胶的好;残胶率低于碱性氧化脱胶的,但比传统碱煮的稍高;纤维断裂伸长率、并丝率以及脱胶废液中的pH值、化学需氧量和色度等指标也优于传统碱煮脱胶和碱性氧化脱胶工艺.     

过氧乙酸在苎麻脱胶预处理工艺中的应用

分析了过氧乙酸在苎麻预处理工艺中的应用,探讨了过氧乙酸用量,温度,时间和pH值4个因素对过氧乙酸预处理效果的影响。根据苎麻精干麻的断裂强度、断裂伸长率、断裂比功、SEM和XRD等物理机械性能和表面形态的测试,对比分析了过氧乙酸-氢氧化钠脱胶工艺和传统化学脱胶工艺的精干麻性能。实验表明,当过氧乙酸浓度为2.5%,温度为50℃,pH值为8.0,时间为2 h,苎麻精干麻的断裂强度可以达到最佳。     

山东省科技成果选介

苎麻酶法脱胶技术 属国内领先水平。该技术可以减轻环境污染、改善劳动条件、节省能耗、减少水和化学药品的用量(硫酸、三聚磷酸钠等助剂可不用,碱减少70％以上),生产成本下降。用于苧麻脱胶可降低成本10～30％,用于大麻可降低成本50％以上.工艺流程短,在2～4小时内脱胶制成率为70％,残胶率达50％以下,纤维支数和断裂强度达到纺织要求。设备和厂房投资共150万元。进行技术转让、技术服务。     

高支轻薄苎麻机织物的开发

提前收割的鲜苎麻经脱胶后所得精干麻支数高,残胶低,通过新型纺纱技术可纺成60公支以上的高支纱,进而开发出轻、薄、不刺痒的夏季服装面料.     

我国红麻纤维厌氧微生物脱胶研究现状

首先总结了“天然水沤麻”脱胶方法的演变、改进及其特点,然后概括了人工加菌厌氧微生物脱胶方法及其影响因素和脱胶液成分的变化规律.天然水沤麻存在费工、费时、劳动强度大、质量不稳定、污染环境等缺点.改进的天然水沤麻法由于最终离不开天然水域,不能从根本上解决沤麻带来的污染问题.人工加菌厌氧微生物脱胶法,尚未大批用于生产.     

高分子表面活性剂对亚麻化学脱胶的影响

研究了高分子表面活性剂对溶液润湿性能、表面张力的影响，改进了传统的亚麻化学脱胶工艺．结果表明，含高分子表面活性剂的助剂能明显提高脱胶麻的质量     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has