我国古代刑法的溯及力

刑法溯及力在我国古代法律文献中多有记载，随着历代刑事政策以及立法指导思想的变化，历史上各朝代对刑法溯及力规定各有不同。唐朝刑律立法成熟，确立了现代意义上的“从旧兼从轻”原则，从法律制度史角度来看，当是现代刑法溯及力制度的渊源。     

我国刑事司法解释溯及力的探讨

本探讨了我国刑事司法解释溯及力独立存在的必要性；我国刑事司法解释溯及力的三个方面含义及相关评述；我国刑事司法解释溯及力在实践中的几个特殊问题。     

WTO体制下私力救济的救济

WTO现行的争端解决机制存在时间滞后、不溯及既往、执行力不强等缺陷,不能有效制约成员方滥用贸易救济的行为。改革WTO,取消成员方自行调查和决定适用贸易救济措施的私力救济权或完善争端解决机制提供的公力救济都不具有现实可行性。可行的做法是在现行体制下,巧用私力救济制约私力救济,从而达到对私力救济的滥用进行合法有效救济的目的。     

评合同法的《解释》对合同法溯及力问题的规定

认为《解释》对合同溯及力的范围和条件之规定在国际私法上具有重大的理论意义，即突破了合同准据法上的“分割论”的适用范围，使之及于合同准据法的时际冲突的解决，从而形成合同准据法上的时际分割；同时，从立法的技术性角度分析了《解释》所存在的值得商榷和完善的问题。     

我国民事法律及其司法解释的溯及力探析

我国《立法法》确立的"从旧兼有利"原则是对法不溯及既往原则的继承和发展,而民事司法解释具有溯及适用于其所解释的法律生效后本解释生效前的事件和行为是其应有之义。目前我国的司法解释多有越权之处。既要应对实践中不断涌现的新问题,又要避免司法解释"越权",甚至违法,治本之策应是加大立法解释的力度,以立法解释和补充规定的形式来及时应对实践中的新情况。     

论人地系统演替的动力机制

探讨人地系统演替的动力机制可以揭示人类发展中面临诸多问题的根源及寻求人类调控自身行为的途径,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值．自然力、社会力是人地系统演替的动力．自然力和社会力的耦合控制导致不同时空条件下人地系统特殊的运行规律。     

从贝叶斯方法看溯因推理

皮尔斯指出溯因或溯因推理(abduction)是不同于归纳和演绎的第三种推理,然而皮尔斯对溯因概念的定义是模糊的,于是便出现溯因悖论:溯因既属于归纳又不属于归纳。本文基于贝叶斯方法对归纳的理解和处理,考察了当代两种典型的消解溯因悖论的路径,即辛提卡区分定义性规则和策略性规则的措施,以及利普顿的IBE理论。指出这两种路径均是行不通的,而贝叶斯方法却可以容纳溯因性归纳和溯因,从而消解溯因悖论。     

一种基于同例和异例的溯因推理

溯因推理是在给定的理论和观察下,求出对于该观察可能的解释.然而,在一般的溯因推理中,并不要求解释的直观性和归纳性,从日常生活和科学发现的某些规律出发,本文提出了同例和异例的概念,提出了一个基于同例和异例的溯因推理框架,并引入了可诱导和可允许这两个限定条件.接下来,本文给出在该框架下求出所有极大解释的算法AH并验证了它的可靠性和完备性.最后,一个具体的例子演示了算法AH,相对于一般的溯因推理系统,本框架主要有如下的优点:溯因得到的解释更符合直观,溯因得到的解释还可以用来推导出更多的新的语句.     

机电集成静电谐波微型传动系统的Casimir力和强迫响应

提出一种机电集成静电谐波微型传动系统。随着传动尺寸的减小,分子力的影响变大,应该予以考虑。本文给出了同时考虑静电力和Casimir力时机电集成静电谐波微型传动系统对于电压扰动的强迫响应方程。运用该方程,研究了Casimir力对系统强迫响应的影响规律。结果表明:Casimir力对于系统强迫响应具有重要影响,随着柔轮与定子间初始间隙的减小和电压的增大,Casimir力对系统强迫响应的影响变大。研究结果对于该种传动系统的进一步小型化具有指导意义。     

私力救济之民事自助行为

民事权利的保护可以分为公力救济和私力救济。私力救济又可以分为正当防卫、紧急避险和自助行为,而我国法律并未对自助行为作出规定。民事自助行为是对民事主体的合法权益进行保护的重要手段,构建自助行为制度是民事法律权利保障中不可或缺的要素。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.