Amplification of specific DNA sequences correlates with multi-drug resistance in Chinese hamster cells

Mammalian cells selected for resistance to certain cytotoxic drugs frequently develop cross-resistance to a broad spectrum of other drugs unrelated in structure to the original selective agent. This phenomenon constitutes a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. Multi-drug resistance arises from decreased intracellular drug accumulation, apparently due to an alteration of the plasma membrane. The observation of double minute chromosomes or homogeneously staining regions in some of the multi-drug-resistant cell lines suggests that gene amplification underlies this phenomenon. We have used the technique of DNA renaturation in agarose gels to detect, compare and clone amplified DNA sequences in Adriamycin- and colchicine-resistant sublines of Chinese hamster cells. We show that both Adriamycin- and colchicine-resistant cells contain amplified DNA fragments, some of which are amplified in both of these independently derived cell lines. Furthermore, loss of the multi-drug resistance phenotype on growth in the absence of drugs correlates with the loss of amplified DNA. These results strongly suggest that the DNA sequences which are amplified in common in multi-drug-resistant cell lines include the gene(s) responsible for a common mechanism of multi-drug resistance in these cells. We have cloned one of the commonly amplified DNA fragments and show that the degree of amplification of this fragment in the cells correlates with the degree of their drug resistance.     

B值适应可积序列的不等式及其应用

给出了B值适应可积序列的H jek R埁nyi不等式并应用它研究了B值适应可积序列的强大数定律及收敛速度.     

The multiple interactions between growth factors and microenvironment in vivo

The extracellular matrices (ECMs), which form the supportive meshwork around the cells, are largely composed of proteins and polysaccharide secreted by cells, while, growth factors, which almost all exist in ECMs, are polypeptides synthesized and secreted…     

Fluorescence study on the interactions of PAMAM dendrimers and their derivatives with bovine serum albumin

The interactions of amino-terminated, and ethylenediamine core poly（amidoamine） （PAMAM） dendrimers and their derivatives with bovine serum albumin （BSA） were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that the fluorescence intensity of BSA decreased after the addition of different modified dendrimers, and the extent of the fluorescence quenching caused by various modified dendrimers strongly depends upon the different functional groups on their surfaces. We also investigated the influence of pH and ionic strength on the interaction between various modified dendrimers and BSA. Circular dichroism （CD） spectroscopic measurements showed that the content of α-helix structure of BSA decreased after the addition of different modified dendrimers, which indicated that dendrimers induced changes in the secondary structure of BSA.     

Atom-by-atom substitution of Mn in GaAs and visualization of their hole-mediated interactions

The discovery of ferromagnetism in Mn-doped GaAs has ignited interest in the development of semiconductor technologies based on electron spin and has led to several proof-of-concept spintronic devices. A major hurdle for realistic applications of Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As, or other dilute magnetic semiconductors, remains that their ferromagnetic transition temperature is below room temperature. Enhancing ferromagnetism in semiconductors requires us to understand the mechanisms for interaction between magnetic dopants, such as Mn, and identify the circumstances in which ferromagnetic interactions are maximized. Here we describe an atom-by-atom substitution technique using a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) and apply it to perform a controlled study at the atomic scale of the interactions between isolated Mn acceptors, which are mediated by holes in GaAs. High-resolution STM measurements are used to visualize the GaAs electronic states that participate in the Mn-Mn interaction and to quantify the interaction strengths as a function of relative position and orientation. Our experimental findings, which can be explained using tight-binding model calculations, reveal a strong dependence of ferromagnetic interaction on crystallographic orientation. This anisotropic interaction can potentially be exploited by growing oriented Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As structures to enhance the ferromagnetic transition temperature beyond that achieved in randomly doped samples.     

服务业地区差异及其影响因素研究——基于云南数据的实证分析

使用地区服务业产值比重、区位商和服务业相对工业集中度3个指标分析云南服务业的空间分布特征,发现云南服务业空间布局不均衡,各区域经济发展差距明显,省会中心城市单极化作用较突出.此外,利用统计分析方法对云南服务业进行了实证研究,发现各地区的综合经济水平是影响该地区的服务业发展最主要因素;同时还发现各地区服务业规模与该地距昆明的距离也有着显著的高度负相关关系,即昆明作为云南省会中心城市对各地区的辐射作用明显.并给出了相应政策含义.     

Cloning of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) histone H3 promoter and the activity analysis in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)

Rainbow trout histone H3(RH3)promoter was cloned via high fidelity PCR.The cloned RH3 promoter was inserted into a promoter-lacked vector pEGFP-1,resulting in an expression vector pRH3EGFP-1.The linearized pRH3EGFP-1 was microinjected into fertilized eggs of rare minnows and the sequential embryogenetic processes were monitored under a fluorescent microscope.Strong green fluorescence was ubiquitously observed at as early as the gastrula stage and then in various tissues at the fry stage.The results indi cate that RH3 promoter,as a piscine promoter,could serve in producing transgenic Cyprinoid such as rare minnow.Promoter activity of RH3,CMV and common carp β-actin(CA)were compared in rare minnow by the expression of respective recombinant EGFP vectors.The expression of pCMVEGFP occurred earlier than the following one,pRH3EGFP-1,and then pCAEGFP during the embryogenesis of the transgenics.Their expression activities demonstrated that the CMV promoter is the strongest one,followed by the CA and then the RH3.     

黑河流域上中游植被蒸散发时空演变趋势及其影响因子分析

结合遥感产品及气象站点数据,分析了黑河上中游2001—2012年蒸散发(ET)时空演变规律及分布格局,对比分析地表温度(LST)、空气温度、降雨、水汽压、相对湿度、风速6个环境因子对ET的影响.结果显示,2001—2012年时间段黑河上中游年ET有略微下降趋势(R2=0.01),12a的年平均ET为470.3mm,年ET最小值出现在2001年,2002年发生了"突增",2003—2007年呈现上下波动趋势,2008年发生了"突降",2008—2012年呈现了显著上升的趋势(R2=0.97),同时上、中游区域年平均ET呈不同的变化趋势.对整个研究区域生长季内ET呈显著影响的因子为降雨、空气温度和水汽压.同时,由于气象条件及地表供水条件的时空变化,针对不同区域及不同植被类型,影响ET变化的主要环境因子也发生变化,除空气温度和水汽压之外,农田ET对能量供给的太阳总辐射变化较为敏感,草地ET对水分供给的降雨变化较为敏感,林地ET则对表征大气湍流情况的风速变化较为敏感,而灌木ET对地表温度的变化较敏感.     

在Rashba和Dresselhaus自旋轨道耦合相互作用下二端双通道中的局域自旋极化研究

研究二端双通道结构中同时存在Rashba和Dresselhaus两种自旋轨道耦合相互作用情况下的电子局域自旋极化.本结构中所产生的局域自旋极化是由量子干涉效应和自旋轨道耦合共同导致的,因此可以通过调节结构参数和门电压的大小来改变局域自旋极化的大小.在适当选取某些参数的情况下.局域自旋极化可以达到0.33,可以用于自旋过滤器和信息储存器件.