内陆大水面生态牧场化管理——群落调控、生物多样性恢复与资源利用

湖泊、水库等大水面是我国重要的湿地资源,也是内陆渔业的重要组成部分。本文介绍了大水面自然增殖管理和人工放流增殖管理的方法,并通过江苏傀儡湖和湖北牛山湖等综合管理实例,展现了通过群落调控达到大水面生物多样性恢复与资源高效利用的效果,旨在为我国建立系统且精准的大水面生态渔业管理体系提供科技支撑,推动大水面渔业从网箱、网围、网栏等集约化养殖方式向牧场化的生态渔业方式转型。     

基于NAO.99b资料对南海主要岛礁潮汐特征的分析

为了详细地认识南海岛礁潮汐特征,基于大洋潮汐模式NAO.99b的全球8个分潮(M_2、S_2、N_2、K_2、K_1、O_1、P_1、Q_1)调和常数资料建立南海潮汐计算模型。利用该模型计算南海主要岛礁2010年逐分钟的潮位,得出了这些岛礁的最大潮差、平均潮差、平均高潮间隙和潮汐特征系数。结果表明:南海岛礁绝大部分为不正规日潮型,潮汐特征系数在2.98~4.34;在半个月中,有连续六七天为每日2个高低潮。平均高潮间隙整体从南海东北部往西南部逐渐增大,范围为8.32~11.63h,曾母暗沙为1.57h;平均潮差和最大潮差从南海东北部向西南部逐渐增大,平均潮差变化范围为65~92cm,最大潮差变化范围144~200cm。     

南海东沙群岛南侧海域的潮余流特征

为分析南海东沙群岛南侧海域次表层潮余流特征,基于布放在该海区的锚碇潜标海流资料,利用T-TIDE调和函数和低通滤波等方法,实现潮流调和常数的提取和余流的分离。该海区次表层潮流分潮K1,Msm,O1,M2和Ssa为主要分潮,各分潮东分量振幅大于北分量振幅。研究表明:潮流东西向运动强于南北向;各分潮振幅随深度变化不一致,造成潮流类型在不同深度上有所变化;二月平均余流出现相对异常现象,流速相对较大,可达83.65cm/s。次表层月平均余流变化与南海季风的盛衰有较好的对应关系,季风对该海区影响可达次表层深度。结合相应的温盐数据和高度计资料发现,余流异常与经过该海区的反气旋涡有关,涡旋改变了该海区原有的水体结构。     

南海海底矿物资源开发前景

随着陆地矿产资源的不断使用变少,海底矿物资源将成为社会经济发展和现代化建设的优质接替资源。为实现海洋强国战略,加快南海海底矿物资源的开发利用,亟需对海底的矿物资源重新评价。本文综合分析多年地质调查数据和近年来的重要研究进展,结合近年来载人潜器和ROV调查成果,梳理了南海海底矿物资源研究现状,研究南海海域锰结核、富钴结壳、多金属硫化物、富稀土沉积物、砂矿等类型资源的矿物特征和分布规律,评价多类型矿物的成矿远景,并总结分析南海海底矿物资源开发中可能存在的问题,以指导我国南海海底矿物资源潜力研究和满足勘探开发前景分析的迫切需求,并为南海海底矿物资源的开发和决策提供依据。     

Temporal and spatial variabilities of sea surface heights in the northeastern South China Sea

Analyses of sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 2001 measured by TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite altimetry indicate that there are two energy highs of SSHA fluctuations on both sides of the Luzon Strait. The highs centered at (19.5°N, 119.5°E) and (22.0°N, 124.0°E) respectively, are separated by a low energy band in the Strait. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on the "Far Field" suggests that fluctuations of these two areas are mutually independent. EOF analysis on the "Near Field" shows that SSHA oscillation in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) is dominated by seasonal variations accompanied with significant intra-seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations. Among which, EOFI and EOF2 reflect 66.7% of the total variance. They are both seasonal but showing three months difference in phase. The basic pattern of EOFI appears to be the seasonal SSHA oscillation centered at (18.0°N, 119.0°E) northwest off Luzon Island, which shows maximums (minimums) in August/Septemb     

南海北部大陆架海洋生态系统Ecopath模型的应用与分析

过度捕捞和环境恶化导致渔业资源和海洋生态系统逆向发展。采用EwE5.1软件,对南海北部大陆架建立Ecopath(生态通道模型)模型。通过各级流量、生物量、生产量、捕捞量、系统总流量以及生态位和混和营养效应等方面的分析,得出营养流通主要有2种途径,肉食鱼类间饵料竞争非常激烈,低值鱼类间具相似的捕食压力,顶级捕食者对大部分鱼类负效应不明显。系统受过度捕捞渔业影响很大,并存在营养级I利用效率低和渔业资源小型化、低值化等不稳定的幼态特征。     

Distribution and identification of the low-velocity layer in the northern South China Sea

The low-velocity layer (LVL), closely related with tectonic activities and dynamic settings, has always been a hot topic in the deep crustal structure studies. The deep seismic (OBS/OBH) and onshore-offshore experiments have been extensively implemented in the northern South China Sea (SCS) since the 1990s. Six seismic profiles were finished on the northern margin of SCS by domestic and international cooperations. The features of crustal structures were revealed and five velocity-inversion layers were discovered. Among them three LVLs with 3.0—3. 5 km·s-1 velocity are located in the sedimentary structure (2.0—6.0 km in depth and 2.0—4. 6 km in thickness) of the Yinggehai Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin. They were identified by the reflective and refractive phases for their shallow depth. The other two LVLs with 5.5—6.0 km·s-1 velocity generally existed in the middle crust (7.0—18.0 km in depth) with an about 2.5—6.0 km thickness in the transitional crustal structure of the northeastern and northwestern SCS. They were detected by the refractive phase from their overlain and underlying layers. We explored the possible tectonic formation mechanisms combining with previously reported results, which provided evidence for the formation and evolution of SCS.     

Carbon isotopic record of foraminifers in surface sediments from the South China Sea and its significance

Since the 1990s, the papers and data involved withthe South China Sea (SCS) have been emerging in largenumbers in the world as people pay more attention to thepaleoceanography of the SCS. There have been more than100 cores mentioned in papers containing p…     

Spring upper warm water of the Nansha Islands sea area in the South China Sea and the numerical study on its dynamic mechanism

According to the satellite remote sensing monthly mean sea surface temperature data and in situ observational Conductivity-Temperature-Depth data, it is shown that in spring, at the upper layer to the west of Palawan Island, there exists a relatively weak warm water tongue which is distinctly different from the cold water southeast of the Balabac Strait. The relative temperature difference between the warm and cold water reduces gradually from winter to spring. P-vector method is employed to calculate the current field based on the in situ observational data, which shows that the warm water is within an anticyclonic meander. Based on the remote sensing wind stress during the observational period, a coupled single-layer/two-layer model is employed to study the dynamic mechanism of this anticyclonic meander current field corresponding to the warm water tongue. According to the numerical results, it is suggested that this anticyclonic meander could be mainly the residue of the winter anticyclonic eddy, rather than formed by the inflow water from the Sulu Sea via the Balabac Strait.     

Distribution and identification of the low-velocity layer in the northern South China Sea

The low-velocity layer (LVL), closely related with tectonic activities and dynamic settings, has always been a hot topic in the deep crustal structure studies. The deep seismic (OBS/OBH) and onshore-offshore experiments have been extensively implemented in the northern South China Sea (SCS) since the 1990s. Six seismic profiles were finished on the northern margin of SCS by domestic and international cooperations. The features of crustal structures were revealed and five velocity-inversion layers were discovered. Among them three LVLs with 3.0—3.5 km?s^-1 velocity are located in the sedimentary structure (2.0—6.0 km in depth and 2.0—4.6 km in thickness) of the Yinggehai Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin. They were identified by the reflective and refractive phases for their shallow depth. The other two LVLs with 5.5—6.0 km?s^-1 velocity generally existed in the middle crust (7.0—18.0 km in depth) with an about 2.5—6.0 km thickness in the transitional crustal structure of the northeastern and northwestern SCS. They were detected by the refractive phase from their overlain and underlying layers. We explored the possible tectonic formation mechanisms combining with previously reported results, which provided evidence for the formation and evolution of SCS.     

基于GIS/RS的东海南部渔场海表温度与中上层鱼类渔获量的关系

根据1998～2005年东海区渔获数据以及同期NOAA/AVHRR资料反演的海表温度数据,分析了我国东海南部中上层渔获量与海表温度和梯度的关系。该区域的渔汛在7～9月,捕捞量约占全年的87.9%。渔区温度集中分布在27.5～30.0℃,温度梯度主要分布在0.5～3.0,1.5～2.0为鱼类最适范围。在该研究海域,反映出渔获量随温度升高而增加,渔获量高值所对应的平均温度较高而温度梯度则相对较低。该区域温度与渔获量比温度梯度与渔获量的相关性略低,可见,温度梯度对东海南部的渔业资源有着更重要的影响。但是,两者的相关性都不明显,这是因为影响鱼类资源的因素除了表温外,还有底层的温度、盐度及饵料生物量等多种环境因子。文中的计算都是在自主开发设计的"海洋渔场渔情分析预报软件系统"中进行。