克氏原螯虾受精卵结构观察

观察了克氏原螯虾受精卵的结构.取固定好的克氏原螯虾受精卵进行冷冻切片,苏木精-伊红染色,镜检,拍照.结果表明,克氏原螯虾受精卵属于中黄卵,细胞质被排挤到受精卵一侧,位于受精卵表面.受精卵有致密的中心区,由此向周围发散出呈指状突起的卵黄柱,卵黄柱内充满大小不等的卵黄颗粒.克氏原螯虾受精卵的结构可以通过冷冻切片观察.     

克氏原螯虾调理产品中主要腐败菌的分离鉴定

为了分离鉴定克氏原螯虾调理产品在4℃冷藏条件下的腐败菌菌相组成,将其在4℃条件下冷藏至货架期末(20 d左右),此时克氏原螯虾调理产品中菌落总数为7.05 logcfu/mL.采用传统分离纯化、菌落形态观察、生理生化鉴定与16S rDNA序列分析方法结合,对腐败菌进行分离鉴定.结果表明:在克氏原螯虾样品中共分离得到85株菌株,经镜检、生理生化鉴定以及16S rDNA测序得到5株典型优势菌,分别为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methlotrophicus)、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)、沃氏葡萄球菌(Staphylococccus wameri)和溶酪巨型球菌(Macrococcus caseolyticus).     

水温、光周期和饲料对克氏原螯虾雌虾成活和性腺发育的影响

采用正交设计法,探讨了水温、光周期和饲料组成3个因素对克氏原螯虾雌虾成活和性腺发育的影响,以期为人工繁殖提供理论指导.结果表明,各因素对克氏原螯虾雌虾成活率的影响大小为:水温饲料组成光周期,其最优水平分别为:水温22℃、光照周期16L: 8D、饲料为纯草鱼肉.以性腺成熟系数为指标,3个因素对雌虾性腺发育的影响大小为:饲料组成水温光周期,其最优水平分别为:饲料为纯草鱼肉、水温28℃、光照周期16L : 8D.根据本实验结果,综合考虑成活率和性腺发育情况,克氏原螯虾的亲虾培育可选择水温25～28℃之间、光照周期16L : 8D.饲料中多添加鱼肉等动物性饲料.同时还应注意减小饲养密度,以免发生同类残食的事件.     

克氏原螯虾8种代谢物对其引诱效果研究

克氏原螯虾Procambarus clarkii能够识别水中信息素进行求偶，明确其信息素的有效组分能为克氏原螯虾绿色治理提供理论依据。本文采用Y型水迷宫测试鸟苷-5′-单磷酸二钠、鸟苷-5′-二磷酸二钠、鸟苷-5′-三磷酸二钠、N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸、己酸孕酮、乙炔雌二醇、胆红素和4-巯基尿苷等8种化合物对克氏原螯虾选择行为的影响，筛选具有引诱作用的乙炔雌二醇和己酸孕酮进行浓度测试。结果表明：雄性克氏原螯虾对4-巯基尿苷、胆红素、N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸、鸟苷-5′-三磷酸二钠、鸟苷-5′-二磷酸二钠、鸟苷-5′-单磷酸二钠的选择反应率接近50%,选择系数在±0.15之间，引诱效果不显著(P>0.05);对乙炔雌二醇和己酸孕酮选择反应率高，分别为64.10%、63.24%,选择系数为0.28、0.26,且表现出性别上的显著差异。对雄虾，乙炔雌二醇的最低有效引诱阈值是10μmol/L,己酸孕酮的最低有效引诱阈值是100μmol/L,而雌虾对这2种化合物不敏感。因此，己酸孕酮和乙炔雌二醇对雄性克氏原螯虾具有明显的引诱效果，却对雌鳌虾无明显反应，表明己酸孕酮和乙炔雌二醇是克氏原螯虾性信息素的...     

克氏原螯虾营养与饲料的研究进展

克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)是我国重要的水产养殖品种之一,具有较高的经济价值和营养价值。综述近几年克氏原螯虾蛋白质、脂质、维生素、微量元素等营养素需求及饲料开发研究进展,为全面、深入开展克氏原螯虾营养需求研究,高效环保饲料开发及其产业化提供重要的科学依据。     

水体中吡啶对克氏原螯虾触角电位影响

运用电生理学方法,观察吡啶对克氏原螯虾(Procambaras clarkii)触角电位(antennary potential)的影响.实验结果表明:吡啶对克氏原螯虾的触角电位发放有明显的抑制作用,使电位时程和幅值降低,时相性电位减少渐至消失,放电频率下降.触角电位受抑制的程度随吡啶浓度升高而增大.从表示触角电位发放频率变化与时间关系的直线回归方程可知,其b值大小与吡啶浓度有关,吡啶浓度越大,b值则越小.吡啶对克氏原螯虾的触角电位的抑制作用与螯虾的体重有关,而与螯虾的性别无关.     

已交配雌性克氏原螯虾的择偶行为

动物在繁殖期间会随自身繁殖状态的变化而调整择偶行为,这会导致它们择偶的多样性.本文研究具交配经验的雌性克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)在Y型水迷宫中对不同婚配状态的潜在配偶的择偶行为.雌虾对空白与原配、童子、非童子3种信息源虾的访问总时间P值均小于0.05,结果表明雌性克氏原螯虾与原交配雄体有再次交配的显著倾向,对该现象本文从螯虾繁殖成功率方面进行了探讨;面对3种信息源虾的选择差异性的P值均大于0.05,表明雌虾不区分潜在配偶的婚配状态,本文就螯虾的择偶偏好进行了讨论,此外对螯虾定向配种方面的应用进行了初步探讨.本研究以期为克氏原螯虾的繁殖行为学的理论研究及生产实践积累具参考意义的基础数据.     

克氏原螯虾复眼的扫描电镜观察

近年来众多国内外学者对多种甲壳动物复眼感受器的结构和生理功能作了较深入的研究，十足目是甲壳动物中最高等的一类，克氏原螯虾(Procarnbarus clarki)属十足目、爬行亚目、蜊蛄科、螯虾亚科、原螯虾属，又称为红色螯虾，原产美洲，后引入日本，现广泛分布于江苏、安徽等地，了解克氏原螯虾复眼的形态结构，对进一步探讨甲壳动物感光器的发育及其生理功能有一定的学术意义。     

克氏原螯虾主要变应原原肌球蛋白的一个片段区基因的克隆表达、纯化及免疫原性鉴定

克隆克氏原螯虾主要过敏原原肌球蛋白的一个片段区基因,表达并纯化该蛋白,检测其免疫原性.提取克氏原螯虾总RNA,设计特异性引物,RT-PCR克隆得到目的基因;将目的基因连入pMD19-T载体,提质粒酶切鉴定并测序;将测序正确的片段连入原核表达载体pET-32a(+)上,并转入BL21(DE3)宿主表达菌中;IPTG诱导表达;通过Ni2+亲和层析(FPLC)纯化目的蛋白;利用Western-blotting和ELISA检测该重组蛋白的免疫原性.克隆获得目的基因,其片段长为291 bp,编码97个氨基酸.重组蛋白纯化后经SDS-PAGE鉴定,目的蛋白大小与理论值相符.Western-blotting和ELISA结果表明该蛋白与克氏原螯虾过敏病人混合血清中IgE结合,具有免疫原性.     

克氏原螯虾生态法工厂化繁育生产技术规程

充分利用自然生态资源,开展克氏原螯虾工厂化繁育研究。研究规定了克氏原螯虾工厂化繁育的产地环境条件、亲虾选择要求、亲虾选配和暂养、稚虾孵化、稚虾培育、虾苗捕获和运输等要点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that