安哥拉山羊血液蛋白多态性的研究

用 PAGE 常压电泳法测试了安哥拉山羊血液蛋白多态性,并与当地藏山羊进行了比较研究.安哥拉山羊和藏山羊 Hb、Alb 和 Amy 均只有一种表型,未表现出多态性,安哥拉山羊 Tf 也无多态性,藏山羊则有多态性;而两个品种山羊的 AKP、LDH 和 Es 均表现出多态性,尤其是 Es 的表型更为复杂.血液蛋白质的多态性和活力的差异,可作为附加性状探索选种新途径.     

藏山羊微卫星DNA多态性研究

选用10个SSR标记,经PCR扩增、9%非变性聚丙烯酰胺电泳和银染法显色,对高原型藏山羊、山谷型藏山羊进行遗传多态性研究,并以白玉黑山羊、建昌黑山羊、美姑山羊和新疆山羊作对照.结果表明,10个SSR标记在高原型藏山羊、山谷型藏山羊、白玉黑山羊、建昌黑山羊、美姑山羊和新疆山羊群体的平均H、PIC、Ne分别为0.673/0.631/4.3、0.680/0.649/4.7、0.777/0.660/4.3、0.797/0.716/5.1、0.793/0.561/3.2和0.680/0.629/4.6.高原型藏山羊与山谷型藏山羊(D=0.063)聚为1类;建昌黑山羊和美姑山羊(D=0.026)聚为1类后,再与白玉黑山羊聚为1类;最后两类与新疆山羊聚为1大类,与各群体的来源和生态地理分布一致.     

青海本地山羊血清运铁蛋白多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对298只青海本地山羊的血清运铁蛋白多态性进行了研究。结果发现：被检山羊有，IFAA、TFAB、邢B三种基因型，以TFAA为优势基因型(74．5％)；TF^A和TF^B等位基因频率分别为0．8624和0．1376，基因杂合度和有效等位基因数分别为0．2373和1．3111；经遗传距离分析，青海本地山羊与四川藏山羊有较近的亲缘关系。     

金堂黑山羊血液蛋白遗传多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）研究了金堂黑山羊血液运铁蛋白（Tf)、后白蛋白(Pa）及白蛋白(Alb)三个基因座的遗传多态性,并计算了金堂黑山羊与成都麻羊、湘东黑山羊等七个山羊群体的欧氏遗传距离。结果表明：金堂黑山羊群体中Tf和Pa两个基因座均表现出多态性、Alb基因座呈单态;Tf和Pa两个基因型分布均符合Hardy-weinberg定律;金堂黑山羊群体内的基因一致度高、基因多样度低、平均等位基因有效数少,是宝贵的山羊遗传资源。     

建昌黑山羊血液蛋白多态性的研究

采用淀粉凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测了建昌黑山羊血清白蛋白(A1b)、运铁蛋白(Tf)和酯酶(Es)等三个多态位点的基因型和基因频率。为了分析又利用台湾本地山羊、西德有色山羊等有关基因频率资料,计算出遗传距离和遗传相似系数,并直接绘制出系统聚类图。结果表明,这三个品种山羊遗传距离均超0.1,说明它们都是独立的品种。     

藏山羊种质特性研究

藏山羊种质测定项目研究表明，藏山羊起源于青藏高原为藏族先民所驯化，现有数量７２５．３万只，藏山羊性喜干旱温凉，适应性强，生理生化指标均在山羊常值范围内，根据藏山羊的体态、被皮、解剖、生理和生化遗传标记等生态特征，将其划分为高原型和山谷型两个生态类型，在细胞遗传方面具有一定的特性，藏山羊周岁前生长发育较快，高原型大于山谷型，高原型和山谷型藏山羊性成熟均晚、繁殖成活率低。高原型盛产山羊绒，绒品质好，高     

成都麻羊与7个山羊品种(群体)的AFLP遗传多样性研究

采用AFLP（Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism AFLP）标记,研究成都麻羊与金堂黑山羊、乐至黑山羊、合江黑山羊、江安黑山羊、营山黑山羊、嘉陵黑山羊和白玉黑山羊等8个山羊品种（群体）,共261只个体的遗传多样性．结果表明,选用8对引物组合共获得174个标记,其中80个为多态性标记,标记多态频率为16．55％～38．62％,平均每对引物获得21．75条带．根据AFLP分析结果,用Shannon多样性指数公式计算获得,供试8个山羊品种（群体）的遗传多样性指数在0．0888～0．2289之间．其中营山黑山羊的遗传多样性指数最大（0．2289）,嘉陵黑山羊次之（0．2119）．白玉黑山羊最小（0．0888）、其余山羊品种（群体）介于其间．用Rogers遗传距离公式分析获得8个山羊品种（群体）间的遗传距离（DR）。根据DR值,采用Mega3．0软件以UPGMA法构建遗传系统树状图,聚类结果聚为三个大类,营山黑山羊和嘉陵黑山羊聚为一类,合江黑山羊和江安黑山羊为一类,这两类聚为一大类;成都麻羊和金堂黑山羊聚为一类后。再与乐至黑山羊聚为一大类;这两大类相聚后,再与单独为一大类的白玉黑山羊聚在一起．聚类结果与品种（群体）来源和生态地理分布相一致．AFLP标记很好的反映供试山羊品种（群体）的遗传差异和亲缘关系,是研究山羊遗传多样性一种理想的分子标记．     

川中黑山羊(金堂类群)和藏山羊PRLR基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中绵羊的PRLR基因序列设计引物,以川中黑山羊(金堂类群)和藏山羊垂体总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR技术对川中黑山羊(金堂类群)和藏山羊PRLR基因cDNA克隆及进行序列分析,以期为进一步研究该基因与山羊的繁殖性能奠定理论基础.结果表明:川中黑山羊(金堂类群)和藏山羊PRLR基因编码区均长1746bp,均编码581个氨基酸.川中黑山羊(金堂类群)PRLR基因编码区与藏山羊、绵羊、牛、牦牛野猪和人的同源性分别为99.71%、99%、95%、95%、83%和80%.以核苷酸序列构建分子系统进化树,川中黑山羊(金堂类群)先与藏山羊聚为一类,再与绵羊聚为一类,后与牛和牦牛聚为一类,然后与野猪聚为一类,最后与人聚为一类.     

藏山羊遗传资源研究及其利用

随着中国西部的开发，藏山羊遗传资源研究和开发利用速度加快，在分析藏山羊遗传资源及其遗传特性的基础上，对藏山羊的利用及其保存作了系统全面的评论，作者认为对藏山羊应该进行选种选配，开展杂交改良，提高其生产性能．     

三个山羊品种(类群)的RAPD分析

采用RAPD方法分析了藏山羊、安哥拉山羊、建昌黑山羊的巴普类群，得到清晰且多态性丰富的条带，其扩增条带总数共40条，其中22条有多态，多态频率为55．0％．对3个山羊品种(类群)的基因组DNA进行多态性和亲缘关系研究，结果表明：3个山羊品种(类群)间的多态性大于品种(类群)内的多态性，藏山羊与安哥拉山羊之间亲缘关系较近，巴普类群与安哥拉山羊之间亲缘关系较远．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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